@prefix dbo: . @prefix dbr: . dbr:Automatic_transmission_fluid dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Base_oil . @prefix foaf: . @prefix wikipedia-en: . wikipedia-en:Base_oil foaf:primaryTopic dbr:Base_oil . dbr:Synthetic_oil dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Base_oil . dbr:MERCON dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Base_oil . dbr:Calumet_Specialty_Products_Partners dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Base_oil . dbr:Space_tribology dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Base_oil . dbr:Motor_oil dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Base_oil . dbr:DEXRON dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Base_oil . dbr:History_of_ExxonMobil dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Base_oil . dbr:Sepahan_Oil_Company dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Base_oil ; dbo:product dbr:Base_oil . @prefix dbp: . dbr:Sepahan_Oil_Company dbp:products dbr:Base_oil . @prefix rdfs: . dbr:Base_oil rdfs:label "Grund\u00F6l"@de , "Base oil"@en , "\u57FA\u790E\u6CB9"@zh ; rdfs:comment "Base oils are used to manufacture products including lubricating greases, motor oil and metal processing fluids. Different products require different compositions and properties in the oil. One of the most important factors is the liquid\u2019s viscosity at various temperatures. Whether or not a crude oil is suitable to be made into a base oil is determined by the concentration of base oil molecules as well as how easily these can be extracted."@en , "\u57FA\u790E\u6CB9\uFF08base stock, base oil\uFF09\u6307\u7D44\u6210\u6F64\u6ED1\u6CB9\u3001\u6F64\u6ED1\u8102\u6210\u54C1\u7684\u6DB2\u614B\u6210\u4EFD\uFF0C\u4EFB\u4F55\u4E00\u7A2E\u6F64\u6ED1\u6CB9\u3001\u8102\u7684\u4E3B\u8981\u6210\u4EFD\uFF08\u4E00\u822C\u4F54\u8CEA\u91CF67~90%\uFF09\u90FD\u662F\u57FA\u790E\u6CB9\u3002\u57FA\u790E\u6CB9\u53EF\u4EE5\u662F\u7149\u6CB9\u5EE0\u7684\u5206\u993E\u7522\u54C1\uFF08\u6CB8\u9EDE\u9AD8\u65BC\u71C3\u6599\u7528\u91CD\u6CB9\u3001\u4F4E\u65BC\u701D\u9752\uFF09\uFF0C\u4E5F\u53EF\u4EE5\u662F\u5408\u6210\u7684\uFF0C\u524D\u8005\u4E00\u822C\u7A31\u70BA\u7926\u7269\u6CB9\uFF0C\u5F8C\u8005\u96D6\u7136\u6709\u591A\u500B\u975E\u5E38\u4E0D\u540C\u7684\u65CF\u7FA4\uFF0C\u4F46\u4E00\u822C\u7D71\u7A31\u5408\u6210\u6CB9\u3002 \u96D6\u7136\u690D\u7269\u6CB9\u3001\u52D5\u7269\u6CB9\u4E5F\u53EF\u4EE5\u7528\u4F86\u4F5C\u70BA\u6F64\u6ED1\u57FA\u790E\u6CB9\uFF0C\u4F46\u5176\u4F9B\u61C9\u91CF\u8207\u6027\u80FD\u5B8C\u5168\u7121\u6CD5\u6EFF\u8DB3\u73FE\u4EE3\u6F64\u6ED1\u5DE5\u696D\u7684\u9700\u6C42\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\u53EA\u6709\u5728\u5F88\u5C0F\u7684\u7BC4\u570D\u4F7F\u7528\u3002 \u5728\u67D0\u4E9B\u60C5\u5F62\u4E0B\uFF0C\u57FA\u790E\u6CB9\u672C\u8EAB\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5B78\u6027\u8CEA\u6C7A\u5B9A\u4E86\u4F7F\u7528\u8A72\u57FA\u790E\u6CB9\u7684\u6F64\u6ED1\u6CB9\u6216\u6F64\u6ED1\u8102\u7684\u6F64\u6ED1\u6027\u80FD\uFF0C\u4F46\u5728\u5927\u591A\u6578\u5DE5\u696D\u7528\u8A2D\u5099\u7684\u6F64\u6ED1\u61C9\u7528\u4E0A\uFF0C\u6F64\u6ED1\u6027\u80FD\u4E3B\u8981\u53D6\u6C7A\u65BC\u57FA\u790E\u6CB9\u6240\u651C\u5E36\u7684\u6F64\u6ED1\u6DFB\u52A0\u5291\uFF08additive\uFF09\uFF0C\u5728\u9019\u7A2E\u60C5\u5F62\u4E0B\uFF0C\u57FA\u790E\u6CB9\u7684\u5F88\u5927\u4E00\u90E8\u4EFD\u7684\u529F\u7528\u662F\u4F5C\u70BA\u6F64\u6ED1\u6DFB\u52A0\u5291\u7684\u8F09\u9AD4\uFF08carrier\uFF09\u3002 \u9664\u4E86\u6F64\u6ED1\u6027\u80FD\u5916\uFF0C\u57FA\u790E\u6CB9\u4F5C\u70BA\u6F64\u6ED1\u6CB9\u3001\u6F64\u6ED1\u8102\u7684\u4E3B\u6210\u4EFD\uFF0C\u6700\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5C31\u662F\u5176\u58FD\u547D\u4E86\u3002\u4E00\u822C\u800C\u8A00\uFF0C\u57FA\u790E\u6CB9\u53EF\u9577\u671F\u8010\u53D7\u7684\u6700\u9AD8\u6EAB\u5EA6\u6108\u9AD8\uFF0C\u53EF\u7528\u7684\u58FD\u547D\u5C31\u6108\u9577\u3002\u4F8B\u5982\u6709\u6A5F\u916F\u6CB9\u53EF\u9577\u671F\u8010\u53D7180~200\u00B0C\u9AD8\u6EAB\uFF0C\u800C\u6700\u512A\u8CEA\u7684\u7926\u7269\u6CB9\u4E5F\u50C5\u80FD\u9577\u671F\u8010\u53D7110~130\u00B0C\uFF0C\u5982\u679C\u6BD4\u8F03100\u00B0C\u4EE5\u4E0B\u7684\u5DE5\u6CC1\uFF0C\u5408\u6210\u916F\u6CB9\u7684\u58FD\u547D\u4FBF\u5927\u5E45\u9818\u5148\u7926\u7269\u6CB9\u3002"@zh , "Grund\u00F6le (auch Basis\u00F6le) werden verwendet, um Mineral\u00F6lprodukte einschlie\u00DFlich Schmierfetten, Motor\u00F6len und K\u00FChlschmiermitteln herzustellen. Die Produkte unterscheiden sich unter anderem in der Viskosit\u00E4t bei verschiedenen Temperaturen. Grund\u00F6l wird aus Raffination aus Roh\u00F6l hergestellt, indem leichte und schwere Kohlenwasserstoffe durch Destillation voneinander getrennt werden. Erstere werden zu Benzin und anderen Brennstoffen verarbeitet, w\u00E4hrend Bitumen und Grund\u00F6le zur schwereren Fraktion geh\u00F6ren."@de . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix dbc: . dbr:Base_oil dcterms:subject dbc:Petroleum_products ; dbo:abstract "Base oils are used to manufacture products including lubricating greases, motor oil and metal processing fluids. Different products require different compositions and properties in the oil. One of the most important factors is the liquid\u2019s viscosity at various temperatures. Whether or not a crude oil is suitable to be made into a base oil is determined by the concentration of base oil molecules as well as how easily these can be extracted. Base oil is produced by means of refining crude oil. This means that crude oil is heated in order that various distillates can be separated from one another. During the heating process, light and heavy hydrocarbons are separated \u2013 the light ones can be refined to make petrol and other fuels, while the heavier ones are suitable for bitumen and base oils. There are large numbers of crude oils all around the world that are used to produce base oils. The most common one is a type of paraffinic crude oil, although there are also naphthenic crude oils that create products with better solubility and very good properties at low temperatures. By using hydrogenation technology, in which sulfur and aromatics are removed using hydrogen under high pressure, extremely pure base oils can be obtained, which are suitable when quality requirements are particularly stringent. Chemical substances \u2013 additives \u2013 are added to the base oil in order to meet the quality requirements for the end products in terms of, for example, friction and cleaning properties. Certain types of motor oils contain more than twenty percent additives."@en , "\u57FA\u790E\u6CB9\uFF08base stock, base oil\uFF09\u6307\u7D44\u6210\u6F64\u6ED1\u6CB9\u3001\u6F64\u6ED1\u8102\u6210\u54C1\u7684\u6DB2\u614B\u6210\u4EFD\uFF0C\u4EFB\u4F55\u4E00\u7A2E\u6F64\u6ED1\u6CB9\u3001\u8102\u7684\u4E3B\u8981\u6210\u4EFD\uFF08\u4E00\u822C\u4F54\u8CEA\u91CF67~90%\uFF09\u90FD\u662F\u57FA\u790E\u6CB9\u3002\u57FA\u790E\u6CB9\u53EF\u4EE5\u662F\u7149\u6CB9\u5EE0\u7684\u5206\u993E\u7522\u54C1\uFF08\u6CB8\u9EDE\u9AD8\u65BC\u71C3\u6599\u7528\u91CD\u6CB9\u3001\u4F4E\u65BC\u701D\u9752\uFF09\uFF0C\u4E5F\u53EF\u4EE5\u662F\u5408\u6210\u7684\uFF0C\u524D\u8005\u4E00\u822C\u7A31\u70BA\u7926\u7269\u6CB9\uFF0C\u5F8C\u8005\u96D6\u7136\u6709\u591A\u500B\u975E\u5E38\u4E0D\u540C\u7684\u65CF\u7FA4\uFF0C\u4F46\u4E00\u822C\u7D71\u7A31\u5408\u6210\u6CB9\u3002 \u96D6\u7136\u690D\u7269\u6CB9\u3001\u52D5\u7269\u6CB9\u4E5F\u53EF\u4EE5\u7528\u4F86\u4F5C\u70BA\u6F64\u6ED1\u57FA\u790E\u6CB9\uFF0C\u4F46\u5176\u4F9B\u61C9\u91CF\u8207\u6027\u80FD\u5B8C\u5168\u7121\u6CD5\u6EFF\u8DB3\u73FE\u4EE3\u6F64\u6ED1\u5DE5\u696D\u7684\u9700\u6C42\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B64\u53EA\u6709\u5728\u5F88\u5C0F\u7684\u7BC4\u570D\u4F7F\u7528\u3002 \u5728\u67D0\u4E9B\u60C5\u5F62\u4E0B\uFF0C\u57FA\u790E\u6CB9\u672C\u8EAB\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5B78\u6027\u8CEA\u6C7A\u5B9A\u4E86\u4F7F\u7528\u8A72\u57FA\u790E\u6CB9\u7684\u6F64\u6ED1\u6CB9\u6216\u6F64\u6ED1\u8102\u7684\u6F64\u6ED1\u6027\u80FD\uFF0C\u4F46\u5728\u5927\u591A\u6578\u5DE5\u696D\u7528\u8A2D\u5099\u7684\u6F64\u6ED1\u61C9\u7528\u4E0A\uFF0C\u6F64\u6ED1\u6027\u80FD\u4E3B\u8981\u53D6\u6C7A\u65BC\u57FA\u790E\u6CB9\u6240\u651C\u5E36\u7684\u6F64\u6ED1\u6DFB\u52A0\u5291\uFF08additive\uFF09\uFF0C\u5728\u9019\u7A2E\u60C5\u5F62\u4E0B\uFF0C\u57FA\u790E\u6CB9\u7684\u5F88\u5927\u4E00\u90E8\u4EFD\u7684\u529F\u7528\u662F\u4F5C\u70BA\u6F64\u6ED1\u6DFB\u52A0\u5291\u7684\u8F09\u9AD4\uFF08carrier\uFF09\u3002 \u9664\u4E86\u6F64\u6ED1\u6027\u80FD\u5916\uFF0C\u57FA\u790E\u6CB9\u4F5C\u70BA\u6F64\u6ED1\u6CB9\u3001\u6F64\u6ED1\u8102\u7684\u4E3B\u6210\u4EFD\uFF0C\u6700\u91CD\u8981\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5C31\u662F\u5176\u58FD\u547D\u4E86\u3002\u4E00\u822C\u800C\u8A00\uFF0C\u57FA\u790E\u6CB9\u53EF\u9577\u671F\u8010\u53D7\u7684\u6700\u9AD8\u6EAB\u5EA6\u6108\u9AD8\uFF0C\u53EF\u7528\u7684\u58FD\u547D\u5C31\u6108\u9577\u3002\u4F8B\u5982\u6709\u6A5F\u916F\u6CB9\u53EF\u9577\u671F\u8010\u53D7180~200\u00B0C\u9AD8\u6EAB\uFF0C\u800C\u6700\u512A\u8CEA\u7684\u7926\u7269\u6CB9\u4E5F\u50C5\u80FD\u9577\u671F\u8010\u53D7110~130\u00B0C\uFF0C\u5982\u679C\u6BD4\u8F03100\u00B0C\u4EE5\u4E0B\u7684\u5DE5\u6CC1\uFF0C\u5408\u6210\u916F\u6CB9\u7684\u58FD\u547D\u4FBF\u5927\u5E45\u9818\u5148\u7926\u7269\u6CB9\u3002"@zh , "Grund\u00F6le (auch Basis\u00F6le) werden verwendet, um Mineral\u00F6lprodukte einschlie\u00DFlich Schmierfetten, Motor\u00F6len und K\u00FChlschmiermitteln herzustellen. Die Produkte unterscheiden sich unter anderem in der Viskosit\u00E4t bei verschiedenen Temperaturen. Grund\u00F6l wird aus Raffination aus Roh\u00F6l hergestellt, indem leichte und schwere Kohlenwasserstoffe durch Destillation voneinander getrennt werden. Erstere werden zu Benzin und anderen Brennstoffen verarbeitet, w\u00E4hrend Bitumen und Grund\u00F6le zur schwereren Fraktion geh\u00F6ren. Es gibt weltweit viele Vorkommen von Roh\u00F6len, aus denen Grund\u00F6le hergestellt werden. Am gebr\u00E4uchlichsten ist eine Art paraffinisches Roh\u00F6l, obwohl es auch naphthenische Roh\u00F6le gibt, deren Produkte eine bessere L\u00F6slichkeit und sehr gute Eigenschaften bei niedrigen Temperaturen haben. Durch die Nutzung des Verfahrens der Hydrierung, werden Schwefel und Aromaten entfernt und ergeben mit Wasserstoff unter hohem Druck sehr reine Grund\u00F6le, die sich bei besonders hohen Qualit\u00E4tsanforderungen eignen. Additive sind chemische Substanzen und werden dem Grund\u00F6l zugesetzt, um die Qualit\u00E4tsanforderungen an die Endprodukte beispielsweise hinsichtlich Inhibitoren gegen Rost- und Korrosion, Detergens, Dispergiermittel und Tensiden zur Reinigung und Schutz metallischer Oberfl\u00E4chen zu erf\u00FCllen. Einige Motor\u00F6le enthalten mehr als zwanzig Prozent Additive. In Grund\u00F6len k\u00F6nnen aufgrund des Herstellungsprozesses Spuren von Verunreinigungen durch polycyclische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe (PAK) enthalten sein, z. B. Benzo[a]pyren. K\u00FChlschmierstoff-Kreisl\u00E4ufe mit mehr als 50 ppm Benzo[a]pyren gelten als krebserzeugend und der K\u00FChlschmierstoff ist m\u00F6glichst schnell auszutauschen. Der Basis\u00F6lgehalt in K\u00FChlschmierstoffen liegt in der Regel unter 5 %. Auch sind die f\u00FCr eine Benzo[a]pyren-Bildung erforderlichen extremen Temperaturen aufgrund des hohen Wasseranteils von > 95 % sehr selten. In Zweifelsf\u00E4llen \u2013 etwa bei wassergemischten K\u00FChlschmierstoffen mit Hochdruckzus\u00E4tzen und Standzeiten \u00FCber einem Jahr \u2013 sollte eine Bestimmung des Benzo[a]pyren-Gehalts erfolgen. In Kreisl\u00E4ufen nichtwassermischbarer K\u00FChlschmierstoffe liegen die Konzentrationen trotz der l\u00E4ngeren Standzeiten aufgrund der noch h\u00F6heren Temperaturen weit unter der Konzentrationsgrenze von 50 ppm."@de ; dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Viscosity , dbr:Petroleum , dbc:Petroleum_products , dbr:Hydrodesulfurization , dbr:Metalworking_fluid , dbr:Aromaticity , dbr:Synthetic_oil , dbr:Hydrogen , dbr:Automatic_transmission_fluid , dbr:Crude_oil , dbr:Naphthenic_oil , dbr:Middle_East , , dbr:Gas_to_liquids , dbr:Polyester , dbr:Motor_oil , dbr:Oil_refining , dbr:Polyalphaolefin , dbr:American_Petroleum_Institute , dbr:Viscosity_index , , dbr:Saturated_and_unsaturated_compounds , dbr:Europe , dbr:Hydrogenation , dbr:Sulfur , dbr:Pour_point . @prefix dbt: . dbr:Base_oil dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate dbt:Reflist ; dbo:wikiPageRevisionID 1106311614 ; dbo:wikiPageExternalLink , . @prefix xsd: . dbr:Base_oil dbo:wikiPageLength "7070"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ; dbo:wikiPageID 43804874 . @prefix owl: . dbr:Base_oil owl:sameAs , dbr:Base_oil . @prefix ns11: . dbr:Base_oil owl:sameAs ns11:uKYo , , . @prefix yago-res: . dbr:Base_oil owl:sameAs yago-res:Base_oil . @prefix wikidata: . dbr:Base_oil owl:sameAs wikidata:Q19903441 . @prefix prov: . dbr:Base_oil prov:wasDerivedFrom ; foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf wikipedia-en:Base_oil . dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Base_oil . dbr:Naphthenic_oil dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Base_oil .
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