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		"Dhimmi"@sv ,
		"Dhimmi"@fr ,
		"\u0396\u03B9\u03BC\u03BC\u03AE\u03B4\u03B5\u03C2"@el ,
		"Dhimma"@de ;
	rdfs:comment	"\u0417\u0456\u043C\u043C\u0456 (\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431. \u0630\u0645\u064A\u200E, \u0442\u0443\u0440. zimmi, \u0431\u0443\u043A\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u00AB\u043B\u044E\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u043E\u0433\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0443\u00BB) \u2014 \u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u043D\u0435\u043C\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043B\u044C\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F (\u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0442\u0438\u0445, \u0445\u0442\u043E \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044F\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u044E\u0434\u0430\u0457\u0437\u043C, \u0437\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043C \u0442\u043E\u0449\u043E) \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432, \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043E\u0439\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043B\u044C\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0442\u0430 \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u0436\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0448\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0430\u0442\u0443 (\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0456\u043C \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0432 \u043F\u0440\u043E \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 (\u0448\u043B\u044E\u0431, \u0440\u043E\u0437\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F)"@uk ,
		"En dhimmi (arabiska: \u0630\u0645\u0651\u064A) ibland \u00E4ven stavat zhimmi, \u00E4r, enligt klassisk islamisk r\u00E4ttslig (shari'a) och politisk litteratur, en jude eller kristen som lever i en muslimsk stat och \u00E5tnjuter statens beskydd. Termen betyder bokstavligen \"skyddad person\" och kommer etymologiskt fr\u00E5n dhimma, \"att vara omh\u00E4ndertagen\". De som teologiskt och historiskt har omfattats av denna s\u00E4rst\u00E4llning \u00E4r anh\u00E4ngare av de abrahamitiska religionerna, vars religioner tolkats som uppenbarade, dvs. judar och kristna, de s\u00E5 kallade \u201Dbokens folk\u201D. I mogulriket kom hinduer att r\u00E4knas som dhimmi."@sv ,
		"Dhimma (arabisch \u0630\u0645\u0629 dhimma, DMG \u1E0Fimma \u201ESchutz(-vertrag)\u201C, \u201EObhut\u201C, \u201EGarantie\u201C, \u201EZahlungsverpflichtung\u201C) ist eine Institution des islamischen Rechts, die den juristischen Status nichtmuslimischer \u201ESchutzbefohlener\u201C ahl adh-dhimma, dhimm\u012B / \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629 \u060C \u0630\u0645\u064A / ahl a\u1E0F-\u1E0Fimma, \u1E0Fimm\u012B unter islamischer Herrschaft festlegt. Die Definition der \u201EDhimma\u201C und der juristische Umgang mit Schutzbefohlenen sind im islamischen Kriegs- und Fremdenrecht im zweiten muslimischen Jahrhundert (8. Jahrhundert n. Chr.) entstanden und in dem daraus entwickelten Zweig der Rechtsliteratur Ahkam ahl adh-dhimma / \u0623\u062D\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629 / a\u1E25k\u0101m ahl a\u1E0F-\u1E0Fimma /\u201ARechtsbestimmungen f\u00FCr Schutzbefohlene\u2018 er\u00F6rtert."@de ,
		"\u0417\u0438\u043C\u043C\u0438\u0301 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0437\u0438\u0301\u043C\u043C\u0438\u0438 (\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431. \u0630\u0645\u064A\u200E, \u0441\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629\u200E \u0430\u0445\u043B\u044C \u0430\u0437-\u0437\u0438\u0301\u043C\u043C\u0430 \u2014 \u0431\u0443\u043A\u0432. \u00AB\u043B\u044E\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u043E\u0433\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0430\u00BB) \u2014 \u0441\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043D\u0435\u043C\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043B\u044C\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F (\u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043A\u0442\u043E \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0438\u0437\u043C, \u0437\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043C \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0447.) \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043E\u0451\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043C\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043B\u044C\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u044F \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044C \u043D\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0445 \u0448\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0430 (\u043A\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432 \u043E \u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0435 (\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043A, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434))."@ru ,
		"La dhimma \u2014de l'\u00E0rab \u0630\u0645\u0629, \u1E0Fimma, \u2018proteccio\u2019, \u2018garantia\u2019, \u2018immunitat\u2019, \u2018seguretat\u2019\u2014 \u00E9s un pacte de protecci\u00F3 o una capitulaci\u00F3 entre \u00ABGent del Llibre\u00BB (ahl al-kitab) i musulmans pel qual els primers se sotmeten als segons, que passen a anomenar-se dhimm\u00EDs. En virtut d'aquest pacte, els dhimm\u00EDs poden mantenir els seus usos i costums (amb algunes restriccions) i reben protecci\u00F3 i empara de les autoritats musulmanes en relaci\u00F3 amb enemics externs. A canvi, s'obliguen a pagar un impost de capitaci\u00F3 (jizya) i, si es posseeixen terres, una contribuci\u00F3 per aquestes (kharaj), de valor variable. Tamb\u00E9 patien algunes restriccions en els seus drets civils, com ara l'obligaci\u00F3 de dur vestits distintius o la prohibici\u00F3 d'algunes manifestacions religioses p\u00FAbliques."@ca ,
		"\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064A \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064A \u064A\u0642\u0635\u062F \u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0648\u062F \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062D\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A\u0646 \u064A\u0639\u064A\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u062A\u062D\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062F \u0630\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063A\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629."@ar ,
		"\u0396\u03B9\u03BC\u03BC\u03AE\u03B4\u03B5\u03C2 (\u03BF\u03B8\u03C9\u03BC. zimmi, \u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03B2. ahl al-dhimma, \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC \u03BB\u03AD\u03BE\u03B7 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03C4\u03B5\u03C5\u03CC\u03BC\u03B5\u03BD\u03BF\u03B9) \u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03AC\u03B6\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03BF\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B7 \u039C\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03BF\u03C5\u03BB\u03BC\u03AC\u03BD\u03BF\u03B9 \u03C5\u03C0\u03AE\u03BA\u03BF\u03BF\u03B9 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03B9\u03C3\u03BB\u03B1\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03B5\u03BE\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD, \u03BF\u03B9 \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03BF\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B5\u03BB\u03BF\u03CD\u03C3\u03B1\u03BD \u03B1\u03BD\u03B5\u03BC\u03C0\u03CC\u03B4\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B8\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03AC\u03BC\u03B2\u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BD \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03B6\u03C9\u03AE \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03B4\u03BF\u03C7\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B9\u03C3\u03BB\u03B1\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03BA\u03C5\u03C1\u03B9\u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2. \u03A3\u03B5 \u03CC,\u03C4\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03AC \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BA\u03BF\u03B9\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B6\u03C9\u03AE \u03B5\u03AF\u03C7\u03B1\u03BD \u03BB\u03B9\u03B3\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03B9\u03CE\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03CC,\u03C4\u03B9 \u03BF\u03B9 \u039C\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03BF\u03C5\u03BB\u03BC\u03AC\u03BD\u03BF\u03B9. \u039F\u03B9 \u03B6\u03B9\u03BC\u03BC\u03AE\u03B4\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03C7\u03C1\u03B5\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF \u03BD\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03B2\u03AC\u03BB\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD (cizye \u03AE hara\u00E7). \u0391\u03C1\u03C7\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03C4\u03BF \u03BA\u03B1\u03B8\u03B5\u03C3\u03C4\u03CE\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03B6\u03B9\u03BC\u03BC\u03AE\u03B4\u03C9\u03BD \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BB\u03AC\u03BC\u03B2\u03B1\u03BD\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03A7\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BD\u03BF\u03CD\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u0395\u03B2\u03C1\u03B1\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 (\u03C9\u03C2 \"\u0384\u03B8\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03AF\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0392\u03AF\u03B2\u03BB\u03BF\u03C5\"), \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03AD\u03C7\u03B5\u03B9\u03B1 \u03CC\u03BC\u03C9\u03C2 \u03B5\u03C0\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03AC\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03AC\u03BB\u03BB\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B8\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03C5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03BA\u03BF\u03B9\u03BD\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B5\u03C2 \u03CC\u03C0\u03C9\u03C2 \u03BF\u03B9 \u0396\u03C9\u03C1\u03BF\u03AC\u03C3\u03C4\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2."@el ,
		"Le mot dhimmi (en arabe : \u0630\u0645\u0651\u064A) est un terme historique du droit musulman qui d\u00E9signe les sujets non musulmans d'un \u00C9tat sous gouvernance musulmane. Ces sujets ont \u00E0 la fois un statut discriminatoire et protecteur qui leur impose principalement de payer un imp\u00F4t particulier appel\u00E9 djiz\u00EEa et une loyaut\u00E9 envers l'\u00C9tat musulman. En \u00E9change, l'\u00C9tat offrait essentiellement la protection de leur vie, leurs biens et la libert\u00E9 de conserver leur propre religion. Les Dhimm\u012B sont des non-musulmans vivant sous la protection d'un \u00C9tat islamique. Les Dhimm\u012B \u00E9taient exon\u00E9r\u00E9s de certaines fonctions sp\u00E9cifiquement attribu\u00E9es aux musulmans s'ils payaient la taxe de vote (jizya) mais \u00E9taient par ailleurs \u00E9gaux en vertu des lois sur les biens, les contrats et les obligations. Les juifs et les chr\u00E9tiens \u00E9taie"@fr ,
		"Dhimm\u012B (Arabic: \u0630\u0645\u064A \u1E0Fimm\u012B, IPA: [\u02C8\u00F0immi\u02D0], collectively \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629 \u02BEahl a\u1E0F-\u1E0Fimmah/dhimmah \"the people of the covenant\") or mu\u02BF\u0101hid (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062F) is a historical term for non-Muslims living in an Islamic state with legal protection. The word literally means \"protected person\", referring to the state's obligation under sharia to protect the individual's life, property, as well as freedom of religion, in exchange for loyalty to the state and payment of the jizya tax, in contrast to the zakat, or obligatory alms, paid by the Muslim subjects. Dhimmi were exempt from certain duties assigned specifically to Muslims if they paid the poll tax (jizya) but were otherwise equal under the laws of property, contract, and obligation."@en ,
		"Zimmi, dhimmi (arab. \u0630\u0645\u064A, l. mn. \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629, ahl az-zimma) \u2013 arabska nazwa niemuzu\u0142ma\u0144skich mieszka\u0144c\u00F3w krain pod panowaniem islamu. Nazwa pochodzi od zimma, czyli pakt. Zgodnie z Koranem poganie mieli wyb\u00F3r nawr\u00F3ci\u0107 si\u0119 lub zgin\u0105\u0107. Wyj\u0105tek zrobiono dla Lud\u00F3w Ksi\u0119gi.Muzu\u0142manie na podbitych przez siebie ziemiach tolerowali ich obecno\u015B\u0107. Nie odbierali miejsc kultu i zezwalali na religijne rytua\u0142y, ale pod specjalnymi warunkami \u2013 obowi\u0105zywa\u0142 ich zakaz noszenia broni i dosiadania koni, musieli zak\u0142ada\u0107 odr\u00F3\u017Cniaj\u0105ce ubiory oraz nie wolno im by\u0142o nawraca\u0107 muzu\u0142man\u00F3w. Nowe ko\u015Bcio\u0142y i synagogi musia\u0142y by\u0107 ni\u017Csze od meczet\u00F3w.Wszyscy zimmi musieli tak\u017Ce p\u0142aci\u0107 specjalne podatki (charad\u017C, d\u017Cizja)."@pl ,
		"Gente del Libro o Gentes del Libro (en idioma \u00E1rabe \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628, Ahl al- Kit\u00E2b y tambi\u00E9n dhimmis) es el nombre con el que en el islam se designa a los creyentes de religiones abrah\u00E1micas o monote\u00EDstas que vive en un pa\u00EDs isl\u00E1mico. El Diccionario en l\u00EDnea Merriam-Webster lo ha definido como \"una persona que vive en una regi\u00F3n invadida por la conquista musulmana a la que se le otorg\u00F3 un estatus de protecci\u00F3n y se le permiti\u00F3 conservar su fe original\". De acuerdo con la ley isl\u00E1mica ortodoxa (Sharia), aquellos que est\u00E1n calificados para el estatus de Dhimmi dentro de la sociedad musulmana son los cristianos, jud\u00EDos y zoroastras libres (es decir, no esclavos). A los seguidores de otras religiones considerados id\u00F3latras o polite\u00EDstas, as\u00ED como a los que no la tienen (ateos), se les exige que se "@es ,
		"Dhimmi (Arabisch: \u0630\u0645\u0651\u064A collectief: \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629 ahl ul-dhimma, het volk van de dhimma; uitgesproken als zimmi of dimmi wat vertaald kan worden als 'beschermd') is de traditionele aanduiding voor bepaalde niet-moslims onder islamitisch bestuur, die onder voorwaarden de eigen religie mochten blijven aanhangen. In dit in vroegere eeuwen toegepaste gebruik verstond men onder dhimmi's aanvankelijk de zogeheten 'mensen van het Boek' (joden en christenen) maar later werden ook andere niet-moslims ertoe gerekend, zoals zoroastristen, samaritanen, mandae\u00EBrs en zelfs hindoes."@nl ,
		"Un dhimmi (in arabo: \u0630\u0645\u064A\u200E, collettivo: \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629, ahl al-dhimma, \"Gente della dhimma\", Lingua turca zimmi) era un suddito non-musulmano di uno Stato governato dalla shari'a, la legge islamica. Con dhimma si intende un \"patto di protezione\" contratto tra non musulmani e un'autorit\u00E0 di governo musulmana. Lo status di dhimmi era in origine riferito solo all'Ahl al-Kitab (\"Gente del Libro\"), cio\u00E8 ebrei e cristiani, ma in seguito anche zoroastriani, mandei e infine agli ind\u00F9, ai sikh e ai buddhisti. I dhimmi godevano di maggiori diritti rispetto ad altri soggetti non-musulmani, ma di minori diritti legali e sociali dei musulmani."@it ,
		"Is i gceist leis an t\u00E9arma stairi\u00FAil Dhimmi n\u00E1 g\u00E9illsinigh neamh-Mhoslamacha san st\u00E1t Ioslamach. Chialla\u00EDonn an focal 'duine faoi chosaint.' De r\u00E9ir scol\u00E1ir\u00ED, bh\u00ED a gcearta cosanta ar fad ag na dhimmis ina bpobail f\u00E9in, ach mar g\u00E9illsinigh san st\u00E1t Ioslamach, bh\u00ED sriantachta \u00E1irithe orthu agus bh\u00ED s\u00E9 \u00E9igeantach an c\u00E1in Jizya a \u00EDoc. N\u00ED raibh cearta polaiti\u00FAil acu agus uaireanta bh\u00ED orthu an a chaitheadh. Chomh d\u00E9anach le 2013, san \u00C9igipt bh\u00ED an ag cur jizya ar 15,000 Coptaigh Chr\u00EDostaithe sa sr\u00E1idbhaile Dalga."@ga ,
		"Um dhimm\u012B (em \u00E1rabe: \u0630\u0645\u064A, transl. \u1E0Fimm\u012B, AFI: [\u02C8\u00F0\u026Ammi\u02D0], coletivamente \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629, ahl al-\u1E0Fimmah/dhimmah, \"o povo da dhimma\" ou \"contrato\") \u00E9 um s\u00FAdito n\u00E3o-mu\u00E7ulmano de um Estado governado de acordo com a xari\u00E1. A dhimma \u00E9 um contrato te\u00F3rico estabelecido com base numa doutrina isl\u00E2mica amplamente difundida que concede direitos e responsabilidades limitadas aos seguidores do juda\u00EDsmo, cristianismo (\"Povos do Livro\") e algumas outras religi\u00F5es n\u00E3o-isl\u00E2micas. A dhimma permite a estes indiv\u00EDduos o direito de resid\u00EAncia (na ) em troca do pagamento de determinadas taxas. Os dhimmi t\u00EAm menos direitos e responsabilidades legais e sociais que os mu\u00E7ulmanos, por\u00E9m mais do que o resto dos n\u00E3o-mu\u00E7ulmanos. S\u00E3o dispensados ou exclu\u00EDdos de determinadas obriga\u00E7\u00F5es e responsabilidades atribu\u00EDdas aos mu\u00E7ulm"@pt ,
		"Dhimmi (arabe \u0630\u0645\u0651\u064A \u1E0Fimm\u012B ) estas la nomo per kiu estis konataj en la islama mondo la judoj kaj kristanoj kiuj lo\u011Dis en islamaj \u015Dtatoj, kaj kies lo\u011Dado estis tolerata, la\u016D la le\u011Doj de la \u015Dario (muzulmana le\u011Do), kontra\u016D la pago de specifaj impostoj kaj la akceptado de malsupera socia klaso. La dhimma a\u016D protektado nuntempe ne ekzistas en la modernaj islamaj \u015Dtatoj, kvankam en kelkaj el ili la anoj de religiaj malplimultoj da\u016Dre denuncas ke ili trovi\u011Das en malsupera socia klaso."@eo ,
		"\u30BA\u30A3\u30F3\u30DF\u30FC\uFF08\u30A2\u30E9\u30D3\u30A2\u8A9E: \u0630\u0645\u0651\u064A\u200E\u3001Dhimm\u012B\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u30A4\u30B9\u30E9\u30FC\u30E0\u653F\u6A29\u4E0B\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u5E87\u8B77\u6C11\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3002\u5177\u4F53\u7684\u306B\u306F\u3001\u30E0\u30B9\u30EA\u30E0\u652F\u914D\u8005\u306E\u7D71\u6CBB\u4E0B\u306B\u4E00\u5B9A\u306E\u4FDD\u8B77\u3092\u4E0E\u3048\u3089\u308C\u305F\u30AD\u30EA\u30B9\u30C8\u6559\u5F92\u3084\u30E6\u30C0\u30E4\u6559\u5F92\u3092\u306F\u3058\u3081\u3068\u3059\u308B\u975E\u30E0\u30B9\u30EA\u30E0\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002"@ja ,
		"\u9F50\u7C73\uFF08\u963F\u62C9\u4F2F\u8BED\uFF1A\u0630\u0645\u064A\u200E[\u02C8\u00F0\u026Am\u02D0i\u02D0]\uFF0C\u8F6C\u5199\uFF1ADhimm\u012B \uFF0C\u88AB\u4FDD\u62A4\u7684\uFF09\uFF0C\u4EA6\u88AB\u8BD1\u4F5C\u8FEA\u7C73\uFF0C\u4F0A\u65AF\u862D\u6559\u7A31\u201C\uFF08\u88AB\uFF09\u4FDD\u8B77\u6C11\u201D\u7684\u672F\u8BED\uFF0C\u662F\u6307\u5728\u4EE5\u6C99\u91CC\u4E9A\u6CD5\u89C4\u4E3A\u57FA\u7840\u7684\u4F0A\u65AF\u5170\u56FD\u5BB6\u4E2D\u4FE1\u4EF0\u5176\u4ED6\u4E00\u795E\u6559\u7684\u4EBA\uFF08\u6709\u7D93\u8005\uFF09\u3002\u591A\u795E\u6559\u8207\u7121\u795E\u8AD6\u8005\u4E0D\u5728\u88AB\u4FDD\u8B77\u7684\u7BC4\u570D\u5167\u3002 \u8FD9\u4E00\u8BCD\u6C47\u6700\u65E9\u662F\u6307\u72B9\u592A\u6559\u5F92\u7684\uFF0C\u540E\u6765\u6269\u5C55\u5230\u4E86\u57FA\u7763\u5F92\u3001\u4EE5\u53CA\u7410\u7F57\u4E9A\u65AF\u5FB7\u6559\u4FE1\u4EF0\u8005\u3002\u9F50\u7C73\u5728\u751F\u6D3B\u4E0A\u6709\u9650\u5236\uFF1A\u4E0D\u80FD\u7A7F\u7DA0\u8272\u8863\u670D\u3001\u4E0D\u80FD\u9A0E\u99AC\u3001\u4E0D\u80FD\u96A8\u4FBF\u5EFA\u65B0\u5B97\u6559\u5834\u5730\u3001\u5B97\u6559\u5834\u5730\u4E0D\u80FD\u9AD8\u65BC\u6E05\u771F\u5BFA\u3001\u4EA4\u5409\u5179\u4E9E\u7A0E\u3001\u4F5C\u8BC1\u8BC1\u8BCD\u4E0D\u4E00\u5B9A\u88AB\u6CD5\u5B98\u63A5\u53D7\u3002\u4E0D\u80FD\u4E3B\u5F35\u5148\u77E5\u6240\u53CD\u5C0D\u7684\u6559\u7FA9\u6216\u516C\u958B\u9055\u9006\u771F\u4E3B\u7684\u8209\u52D5\u3002\u53E6\u82E5\u653E\u68C4\u6709\u7D93\u8005\u8EAB\u5206\uFF08\u5982\u653E\u68C4\u4E00\u795E\u8AD6\uFF09\u6216\u6545\u72AF\u4F0A\u65AF\u5170\u56FD\u5BB6\u898F\u7BC4\uFF0C\u5247\u4E0D\u518D\u53D7\u4FDD\u8B77\u3002\u7167\u8056\u8A13\u6559\u5C0E\uFF0C\u6B64\u7B49\u4FDD\u8B77\u53EA\u80FD\u662F\u66AB\u6642\u7684\uFF0C\u4E16\u754C\u672B\u65E5\u4E4B\u6642\u9F4A\u7C73\u4EA6\u5C07\u63A5\u53D7\u4F0A\u65AF\u862D\u3002 \u9F50\u7C73\u8D77\u6E90\u4E8E\u5965\u9A6C\u5C14\u786E\u5B9A\u7684\u539F\u5219\uFF0C\u5373\u5C06\u88AB\u5F81\u670D\u7684\u975E\u7A46\u65AF\u6797\u4EBA\u53E3\u5212\u4E3A\u9F50\u7C73\uFF0C\u4F7F\u4E4B\u6210\u4E3A\u4F9D\u9644\u4E8E\u54C8\u91CC\u53D1\u56FD\u5BB6\u7684\u76F4\u63A5\u751F\u4EA7\u8005\u3002\u8FD9\u4E00\u5236\u5EA6\u4E0E\u516C\u5143632\u5E74\u4EE5\u6765\u4F0A\u65AF\u5170\u56FD\u5BB6\u8FDB\u5165\u5927\u89C4\u6A21\u6269\u5F20\u9636\u6BB5\uFF0C\u5927\u91CF\u975E\u7A46\u65AF\u6797\u4EBA\u53E3\u63A5\u53D7\u7EDF\u6CBB\uFF0C\u4E14\u5730\u6743\u53D1\u751F\u53D8\u5316\u7684\u73B0\u5B9E\u76F8\u9002\u5E94\u3002"@zh ,
		"Secara istilah, dzimmi (bahasa Arab: \u0630\u0645\u064A\u200E, majemuk: \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629, ahlul dzimmah, \"orang-orang dzimmah\") adalah orang non-Muslim merdeka yang hidup dalam negara Islam yang, sebagai balasan karena membayar pajak perorangan, menerima perlindungan dan keamanan. Hukum mengenai dzimmi berlaku di sebuah negara yang menjalankan Syariah Islam. Kata dzimmi sendiri berarti \"perlindungan\". Status dzimmi mulai berlaku di daerah-daerah Islam dari Samudera Atlantik hingga India sejak zaman Muhammad pada abad ke-7 hingga zaman modern. Dari waktu ke waktu, banyak orang dzimmi yang masuk Islam. Kebanyakan dari mereka pindah agama secara sukarela, kecuali pada beberapa kasus pada abad ke-12, misalnya zaman kekuasaan Muwahidun di Afrika Utara dan Al-Andalus, serta pada masa kekuasaan Syiah di Persia."@in ,
		"Dhimmi je sp\u00ED\u0161e historick\u00FD isl\u00E1msk\u00FD pojem pro v\u011B\u0159\u00EDc\u00ED nemuslimy (tradi\u010Dn\u011B zejm\u00E9na \"lid knihy\", tedy k\u0159es\u0165any a \u017Eidy) \u017Eij\u00EDc\u00EDch v p\u0159ev\u00E1\u017En\u011B muslimsk\u00FDch zem\u00EDch. Dle tradi\u010Dn\u00EDho pr\u00E1va jsou dhimmi ob\u010Dan\u00E9 \u201Esvobodn\u00ED\u201C s omezen\u00FDmi pravomocemi (viz Umaruv Pakt). V minulosti byla t\u011Bmto lidem, kte\u0159\u00ED cht\u011Bj\u00ED \u017E\u00EDt dobrovoln\u011B ve v\u011Bt\u0161in\u011B isl\u00E1msk\u00FDch zem\u00EDch ulo\u017Eena nap\u0159\u00EDklad povinn\u00E1 \u010D\u00E1stka st\u00E1tu tzv.: \"d\u017Eizja\" (kdo na tento poplatek v\u0161ak nem\u011Bl a byl chud\u00FD, \u010Derpal ze st\u00E1tn\u00EDch v\u00FDhod a podpory sousedn\u00EDch spoluob\u010Dan\u016F; kdo zaplatit odm\u00EDtl, byl bez l\u00EDtosti popraven), nemo\u017Enost\u00ED stav\u011Bn\u00ED nov\u00FDch modliteben (kostel\u016F, synagog) (ty p\u016Fvodn\u00ED v\u0161ak na \u00FAzem\u00ED z\u016Fstaly a do praktiktov\u00E1n\u00ED n\u00E1bo\u017Eenstv\u00ED st\u00E1t nemluvil, ov\u0161em ve\u0159ejn\u00E9 modlitby byly zak\u00E1zan\u00E9, stejn\u011B jako jak\u00E9koli hlasit\u00E9 modlen\u00ED), syst\u00E9m dev\u0161irme, atd."@cs ,
		"\uB524\uBBF8(\uC544\uB78D\uC5B4: \u0630\u0650\u0645\u0650\u0651\u064A \u1E0Fimm\u012B[*]; \uC9D1\uD569\uBA85\uC0AC: \u0623\u0647\u0652\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0650\u0645\u064E\u0651\u0629 ahl al-\u1E0Fimmah[*] \uB524\uBBF8\uC758 \uAD6D\uBBFC)\uB294 \uC774\uC2AC\uB78C\uBC95\uC774 \uB2E4\uC2A4\uB9AC\uB294 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC5D0\uC11C \uBB34\uC2AC\uB9BC\uC774 \uC544\uB2CC \uAD6D\uBBFC\uC744 \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A4\uB294 \uB9D0\uC774\uB2E4. \uB524\uBBF8\uB77C\uB294 \uC6A9\uC5B4\uB294 \uAD6D\uBBFC \uAC1C\uAC1C\uC778\uC758 \uC0B6\uACFC \uC7AC\uC0B0, \uC885\uAD50\uC758 \uC790\uC720\uB97C \uBCF4\uC7A5\uD558\uB294 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC758 \uC758\uBB34\uC5D0 \uAD00\uB828\uD55C \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C\uC11C, \uB2E8 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uCDA9\uC131\uC744 \uBC14\uD0D5\uC73C\uB85C \uD55C \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uB530\uB77C\uC11C \uB524\uBBF8\uB294 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC804\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uB18D\uB178\uB098 \uB178\uC608\uC5D0 \uBE44\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uC9C0\uC704\uC0C1 \uC6D4\uB4F1\uD788 \uC6B0\uC6D4\uD558\uC600\uC73C\uB098, \uBB34\uC2AC\uB9BC\uBCF4\uB2E4\uB294 \uB0AE\uC740 \uC218\uC900\uC758 \uAD8C\uB9AC\uB97C \uD589\uC0AC\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uB524\uBBF8\uC5D0\uAC8C\uB294 \uC9C0\uC988\uC57C\uB77C\uACE0 \uD558\uB294 \uC138\uAE08\uC774 \uBD80\uACFC\uB418\uC5C8\uB294\uB370, \uADF8 \uB300\uAC00\uB85C \uB524\uBBF8\uB294 \uC885\uAD50\uC758 \uC790\uC720, \uC2E0\uBCC0\uC758 \uC548\uC804, \uC790\uCE58\uB97C \uBCF4\uC7A5\uBC1B\uC558\uB2E4."@ko .
@prefix dcterms:	<http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix dbc:	<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:> .
dbr:Dhimmi	dcterms:subject	dbc:Social_history ,
		dbc:Religious_discrimination ,
		dbc:Politics_of_the_Ottoman_Empire ,
		dbc:Islamic_terminology ,
		dbc:Religion_and_politics ,
		dbc:Treaties_of_the_medieval_Islamic_world ,
		dbc:Islam_and_other_religions ,
		dbc:Arabic_words_and_phrases_in_Sharia ;
	dbo:abstract	"\u0396\u03B9\u03BC\u03BC\u03AE\u03B4\u03B5\u03C2 (\u03BF\u03B8\u03C9\u03BC. zimmi, \u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03B2. ahl al-dhimma, \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC \u03BB\u03AD\u03BE\u03B7 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03C4\u03B5\u03C5\u03CC\u03BC\u03B5\u03BD\u03BF\u03B9) \u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03AC\u03B6\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03BF\u03B9 \u03BC\u03B7 \u039C\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03BF\u03C5\u03BB\u03BC\u03AC\u03BD\u03BF\u03B9 \u03C5\u03C0\u03AE\u03BA\u03BF\u03BF\u03B9 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03B9\u03C3\u03BB\u03B1\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03CE\u03BD \u03B5\u03BE\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD, \u03BF\u03B9 \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03BF\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B5\u03BB\u03BF\u03CD\u03C3\u03B1\u03BD \u03B1\u03BD\u03B5\u03BC\u03C0\u03CC\u03B4\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B1 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B8\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03AC\u03BC\u03B2\u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BD \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03C4\u03B1\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03B6\u03C9\u03AE \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03B4\u03BF\u03C7\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B9\u03C3\u03BB\u03B1\u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03BA\u03C5\u03C1\u03B9\u03B1\u03C1\u03C7\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2. \u03A3\u03B5 \u03CC,\u03C4\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C6\u03BF\u03C1\u03AC \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03B9\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BA\u03BF\u03B9\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B6\u03C9\u03AE \u03B5\u03AF\u03C7\u03B1\u03BD \u03BB\u03B9\u03B3\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B1 \u03B4\u03B9\u03BA\u03B1\u03B9\u03CE\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03CC,\u03C4\u03B9 \u03BF\u03B9 \u039C\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03BF\u03C5\u03BB\u03BC\u03AC\u03BD\u03BF\u03B9. \u039F\u03B9 \u03B6\u03B9\u03BC\u03BC\u03AE\u03B4\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03C7\u03C1\u03B5\u03BF\u03CD\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF \u03BD\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03B1\u03B2\u03AC\u03BB\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD (cizye \u03AE hara\u00E7). \u0391\u03C1\u03C7\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03C4\u03BF \u03BA\u03B1\u03B8\u03B5\u03C3\u03C4\u03CE\u03C2 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03B6\u03B9\u03BC\u03BC\u03AE\u03B4\u03C9\u03BD \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BB\u03AC\u03BC\u03B2\u03B1\u03BD\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03A7\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BD\u03BF\u03CD\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u0395\u03B2\u03C1\u03B1\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 (\u03C9\u03C2 \"\u0384\u03B8\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03AF\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0392\u03AF\u03B2\u03BB\u03BF\u03C5\"), \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03AD\u03C7\u03B5\u03B9\u03B1 \u03CC\u03BC\u03C9\u03C2 \u03B5\u03C0\u03B5\u03BA\u03C4\u03AC\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03AC\u03BB\u03BB\u03B5\u03C2 \u03B8\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03C5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03BA\u03BF\u03B9\u03BD\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B5\u03C2 \u03CC\u03C0\u03C9\u03C2 \u03BF\u03B9 \u0396\u03C9\u03C1\u03BF\u03AC\u03C3\u03C4\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2."@el ,
		"\uB524\uBBF8(\uC544\uB78D\uC5B4: \u0630\u0650\u0645\u0650\u0651\u064A \u1E0Fimm\u012B[*]; \uC9D1\uD569\uBA85\uC0AC: \u0623\u0647\u0652\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0650\u0645\u064E\u0651\u0629 ahl al-\u1E0Fimmah[*] \uB524\uBBF8\uC758 \uAD6D\uBBFC)\uB294 \uC774\uC2AC\uB78C\uBC95\uC774 \uB2E4\uC2A4\uB9AC\uB294 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC5D0\uC11C \uBB34\uC2AC\uB9BC\uC774 \uC544\uB2CC \uAD6D\uBBFC\uC744 \uAC00\uB9AC\uD0A4\uB294 \uB9D0\uC774\uB2E4. \uB524\uBBF8\uB77C\uB294 \uC6A9\uC5B4\uB294 \uAD6D\uBBFC \uAC1C\uAC1C\uC778\uC758 \uC0B6\uACFC \uC7AC\uC0B0, \uC885\uAD50\uC758 \uC790\uC720\uB97C \uBCF4\uC7A5\uD558\uB294 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC758 \uC758\uBB34\uC5D0 \uAD00\uB828\uD55C \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C\uC11C, \uB2E8 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uCDA9\uC131\uC744 \uBC14\uD0D5\uC73C\uB85C \uD55C \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uB530\uB77C\uC11C \uB524\uBBF8\uB294 \uC0AC\uD68C\uC804\uBC18\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uB18D\uB178\uB098 \uB178\uC608\uC5D0 \uBE44\uD574\uC11C\uB294 \uC9C0\uC704\uC0C1 \uC6D4\uB4F1\uD788 \uC6B0\uC6D4\uD558\uC600\uC73C\uB098, \uBB34\uC2AC\uB9BC\uBCF4\uB2E4\uB294 \uB0AE\uC740 \uC218\uC900\uC758 \uAD8C\uB9AC\uB97C \uD589\uC0AC\uD558\uC600\uB2E4. \uB524\uBBF8\uC5D0\uAC8C\uB294 \uC9C0\uC988\uC57C\uB77C\uACE0 \uD558\uB294 \uC138\uAE08\uC774 \uBD80\uACFC\uB418\uC5C8\uB294\uB370, \uADF8 \uB300\uAC00\uB85C \uB524\uBBF8\uB294 \uC885\uAD50\uC758 \uC790\uC720, \uC2E0\uBCC0\uC758 \uC548\uC804, \uC790\uCE58\uB97C \uBCF4\uC7A5\uBC1B\uC558\uB2E4. \uC6D0\uB798 \uB524\uBBF8\uC758 \uC9C0\uC704\uB97C \uB204\uB9B4 \uC218 \uC788\uC5C8\uB358 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC740 \uAFB8\uB780\uC5D0 '\uCC45\uC758 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4'\uB85C \uC9C0\uCE6D\uB41C \uC720\uB300\uC778\uACFC \uAE30\uB3C5\uAD50\uC778\uBFD0\uC774\uC5C8\uC73C\uB098 \uD6C4\uC5D0 \uC2DC\uD06C\uAD50\uB3C4, \uC870\uB85C\uC544\uC2A4\uD130\uAD50, \uD78C\uB450\uAD50 \uAD50\uC778\uB3C4 \uD3EC\uD568\uD558\uAC8C \uB410\uB2E4. \uBD88\uAD50\uB3C4\uB3C4 \uC774\uC5D0 \uD574\uB2F9\uD558\uB294 \uAD6D\uBBFC\uC774\uB2E4. \uB524\uBBF8\uC5D0 \uD574\uB2F9\uD558\uB294 \uAD6D\uBBFC\uC740 \uBC95\uC801\u00B7\uC0AC\uD68C\uC801 \uC9C0\uC704\uAC00 \uBB34\uC2AC\uB9BC\uBCF4\uB2E4 \uC0C1\uB300\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uB0AE\uC9C0\uB9CC \uB2E4\uB978 \uC774\uAD50\uB3C4\uBCF4\uB2E4\uB294 \uB354 \uB9CE\uC740 \uAD8C\uB9AC\uB97C \uB204\uB9AC\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4. 7\uC138\uAE30\uBD80\uD130 \uADFC\uB300\uC5D0 \uC774\uB974\uAE30\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uB300\uC11C\uC591 \uC5F0\uC548\uC744 \uAC70\uCCD0 \uC778\uB3C4\uC5D0 \uC774\uB974\uB294 \uC218\uBC31\uB9CC \uBA85\uC758 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC774 \uB524\uBBF8\uC5D0 \uD574\uB2F9\uB410\uC744 \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uCD94\uC815\uB418\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uB524\uBBF8\uC778 \uC0AC\uB78C\uC774 \uC774\uC2AC\uB78C\uAD50\uB85C \uAC1C\uC885\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC740 \uC544\uC8FC \uC26C\uC6B4 \uC77C\uC774\uC5C8\uC73C\uBA70, \uD2B9\uBCC4\uD55C \uBB38\uC81C\uAC00 \uC5C6\uB2E4\uBA74 \uC18D\uBC15\uC73C\uB85C\uBD80\uD130 \uC790\uC720\uB85C\uC6CC\uC9C8 \uC218 \uC788\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC774\uC2AC\uB78C \uC138\uACC4\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC77C\uBC29\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uAC1C\uC885\uC744 \uAC15\uC694\uD558\uAC70\uB098 \uC0AC\uB78C\uC744 \uC8FD\uC774\uB294 \uC77C\uC774 \uAC70\uC758 \uC5C6\uC5C8\uC73C\uB098 \uC2ED\uC790\uAD70 \uC804\uC7C1\uC774 \uC2DC\uC791\uB41C 12\uC138\uAE30 \uC774\uD6C4\uBD80\uD130, \uC54C\uC548\uB2EC\uB8E8\uC2A4\uC640 \uBB34\uC640\uD788\uB4DC \uC655\uC870\uC5D0 \uC774\uB974\uB7EC\uC11C\uB294 '\uC774\uC2AC\uB78C \uC544\uB2C8\uBA74 \uB178\uC608'\uB97C \uAC15\uC694\uD588\uB2E4."@ko ,
		"\u0417\u0456\u043C\u043C\u0456 (\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431. \u0630\u0645\u064A\u200E, \u0442\u0443\u0440. zimmi, \u0431\u0443\u043A\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u00AB\u043B\u044E\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u043E\u0433\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0443\u00BB) \u2014 \u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u043D\u0435\u043C\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043B\u044C\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F (\u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0442\u0438\u0445, \u0445\u0442\u043E \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044F\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u044E\u0434\u0430\u0457\u0437\u043C, \u0437\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043C \u0442\u043E\u0449\u043E) \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432, \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043E\u0439\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043B\u044C\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0442\u0430 \u044F\u043A\u0456 \u0436\u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0448\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0430\u0442\u0443 (\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0456\u043C \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0432 \u043F\u0440\u043E \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 (\u0448\u043B\u044E\u0431, \u0440\u043E\u0437\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F)"@uk ,
		"Le mot dhimmi (en arabe : \u0630\u0645\u0651\u064A) est un terme historique du droit musulman qui d\u00E9signe les sujets non musulmans d'un \u00C9tat sous gouvernance musulmane. Ces sujets ont \u00E0 la fois un statut discriminatoire et protecteur qui leur impose principalement de payer un imp\u00F4t particulier appel\u00E9 djiz\u00EEa et une loyaut\u00E9 envers l'\u00C9tat musulman. En \u00E9change, l'\u00C9tat offrait essentiellement la protection de leur vie, leurs biens et la libert\u00E9 de conserver leur propre religion. Les Dhimm\u012B sont des non-musulmans vivant sous la protection d'un \u00C9tat islamique. Les Dhimm\u012B \u00E9taient exon\u00E9r\u00E9s de certaines fonctions sp\u00E9cifiquement attribu\u00E9es aux musulmans s'ils payaient la taxe de vote (jizya) mais \u00E9taient par ailleurs \u00E9gaux en vertu des lois sur les biens, les contrats et les obligations. Les juifs et les chr\u00E9tiens \u00E9taient tenus de payer la jizyah tandis que les pa\u00EFens, selon les diff\u00E9rentes d\u00E9cisions des quatre Madhhabs, pouvaient \u00EAtre tenus d'accepter l'islam, de payer la jizya, d'\u00EAtre exil\u00E9s ou d'\u00EAtre tu\u00E9s La tradition attribue la paternit\u00E9 du statut de dhimmi au deuxi\u00E8me calife Omar. Ce statut a codifi\u00E9 pendant des si\u00E8cles la place des personnes de religion monoth\u00E9iste principalement les minorit\u00E9s juives et chr\u00E9tiennes \u00E0 l'origine majoritaires dans les pays soumis aux autorit\u00E9s musulmanes. L'ensemble de r\u00E8gles ou le r\u00E9gime juridique auquel \u00E9taient soumis les dhimmis \u00E9tait appliqu\u00E9 avec plus ou moins de n\u00E9gligence ou de s\u00E9v\u00E9rit\u00E9 selon les p\u00E9riodes et les r\u00E9gimes. La distance \u00E9tait parfois consid\u00E9rable entre le discours rigoriste des th\u00E9ologiens, et l'attitude des juristes, plus laxistes et pragmatiques, qui l'ont souvent emport\u00E9 dans la r\u00E9alit\u00E9. Des juifs et des chr\u00E9tiens furent ainsi nomm\u00E9s vizirs (Premiers ministres), et gouvern\u00E8rent les musulmans, malgr\u00E9 leur statut de dhimmis. Le statut de dhimmi fut aboli en 1855 dans tous les pays gouvern\u00E9s par l'Empire ottoman."@fr ,
		"Is i gceist leis an t\u00E9arma stairi\u00FAil Dhimmi n\u00E1 g\u00E9illsinigh neamh-Mhoslamacha san st\u00E1t Ioslamach. Chialla\u00EDonn an focal 'duine faoi chosaint.' De r\u00E9ir scol\u00E1ir\u00ED, bh\u00ED a gcearta cosanta ar fad ag na dhimmis ina bpobail f\u00E9in, ach mar g\u00E9illsinigh san st\u00E1t Ioslamach, bh\u00ED sriantachta \u00E1irithe orthu agus bh\u00ED s\u00E9 \u00E9igeantach an c\u00E1in Jizya a \u00EDoc. N\u00ED raibh cearta polaiti\u00FAil acu agus uaireanta bh\u00ED orthu an a chaitheadh. Chomh d\u00E9anach le 2013, san \u00C9igipt bh\u00ED an ag cur jizya ar 15,000 Coptaigh Chr\u00EDostaithe sa sr\u00E1idbhaile Dalga."@ga ,
		"Dhimmi (Arabisch: \u0630\u0645\u0651\u064A collectief: \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629 ahl ul-dhimma, het volk van de dhimma; uitgesproken als zimmi of dimmi wat vertaald kan worden als 'beschermd') is de traditionele aanduiding voor bepaalde niet-moslims onder islamitisch bestuur, die onder voorwaarden de eigen religie mochten blijven aanhangen. In dit in vroegere eeuwen toegepaste gebruik verstond men onder dhimmi's aanvankelijk de zogeheten 'mensen van het Boek' (joden en christenen) maar later werden ook andere niet-moslims ertoe gerekend, zoals zoroastristen, samaritanen, mandae\u00EBrs en zelfs hindoes. Als laatste Europese staat schafte het Ottomaanse Rijk het dhimmi-systeem in 1908 in zijn geheel af, nadat reeds in 1856 met het Hatt-i Humayun een volledige gelijkberechtiging van niet-moslims in het vooruitzicht was gesteld. Daarmee was de juridische emancipatie van de Joden in Europa, maar niet in het Russische Keizerrijk, voltooid."@nl ,
		"Gente del Libro o Gentes del Libro (en idioma \u00E1rabe \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628, Ahl al- Kit\u00E2b y tambi\u00E9n dhimmis) es el nombre con el que en el islam se designa a los creyentes de religiones abrah\u00E1micas o monote\u00EDstas que vive en un pa\u00EDs isl\u00E1mico. El Diccionario en l\u00EDnea Merriam-Webster lo ha definido como \"una persona que vive en una regi\u00F3n invadida por la conquista musulmana a la que se le otorg\u00F3 un estatus de protecci\u00F3n y se le permiti\u00F3 conservar su fe original\". De acuerdo con la ley isl\u00E1mica ortodoxa (Sharia), aquellos que est\u00E1n calificados para el estatus de Dhimmi dentro de la sociedad musulmana son los cristianos, jud\u00EDos y zoroastras libres (es decir, no esclavos). A los seguidores de otras religiones considerados id\u00F3latras o polite\u00EDstas, as\u00ED como a los que no la tienen (ateos), se les exige que se conviertan al islam y si se niegan, ser\u00E1n obligados a convertirse (o enfrentar la ejecuci\u00F3n en masa). Seg\u00FAn el Cor\u00E1n y el hadiz, los dhimmis deben pagar el impuesto de yizia como se\u00F1al de sumisi\u00F3n. Particularmente designa a los que, tras la conquista musulmana (desde el siglo VII) no se convirtieron y, como poblaciones protegidas, conservaron su culto y, hasta cierto punto, su forma de gobierno y sus propias leyes. Sin embargo, numerosas restricciones reforzaron el estatus de segunda clase de las comunidades dhimmi y las forzaron a entrar en guetos. Por ejemplo, deben distinguirse de sus vecinos musulmanes por su vestimenta. No se les permiti\u00F3 construir nuevas iglesias o sinagogas, sino solo reparar las antiguas. Un hombre musulm\u00E1n puede casarse con una mujer dhimmis jud\u00EDa, cristiana o zoroastriana, que puede mantener su propia religi\u00F3n ya que los hijos ser\u00E1n musulmanes, pero una mujer musulmana no puede casarse con un hombre dhimm\u012B a menos que se convierta al islam.\u200B A los dhimmis se les proh\u00EDbe convertir musulmanes bajo severas penas, mientras que se anima a los musulmanes a convertir a los dhimm\u012Bs al islam.\u200B El pacto de Omar, emitido por el Segundo Califa Isl\u00E1mico Umar, impuso una larga lista de condiciones humillantes a los dhimmis. Por ejemplo, los dhimmis ten\u00EDan que moverse de sus asientos si un musulm\u00E1n deseaba sentarse all\u00ED y se les prohib\u00EDa manifestar su religi\u00F3n en p\u00FAblico.\u200B El Pacto de Umar gan\u00F3 estatus can\u00F3nico en la jurisprudencia isl\u00E1mica. El concepto se sigue aplicando en la actualidad tanto a los cristianos o jud\u00EDos que viven en un territorio musulm\u00E1n (Dar al-Islam o Mundo isl\u00E1mico, 'Mundo de la Paz') como a los que viven en territorios no musulmanes (Dar al-Harb, o , que reciben el nombre de harbiyun). Tras la conquista, las poblaciones consideradas gentes del Libro fueron: los cristianos (en Espa\u00F1a los moz\u00E1rabes, en Egipto los coptos, en distintas regiones de Pr\u00F3ximo Oriente armenios, maronitas, etc.); los jud\u00EDos, que viv\u00EDan en sus propios barrios o juder\u00EDas, los sabeos de Yemen, los mandeos en Irak y los zoroastrianos en Persia. A hind\u00FAes, budistas y jainistas se les extendi\u00F3 el estatus bajo el Imperio mogol de la India, aunque esto fue excepcional.\u200B Una parte (creciente con el tiempo) de los habitantes de los territorios del Imperio isl\u00E1mico se convirtieron al islam, para evitar pagar la yizia, jarach u ofrecer a sus hijos en el Dev\u015Firme, as\u00ED como otras pr\u00E1cticas discriminatorias en contra de los llamados infieles. No solo ellos, sino tambi\u00E9n muchos de los que manten\u00EDan su religi\u00F3n tradicional procuraban arabizarse (incorporar la lengua y cultura \u00E1rabes, y con el paso de las generaciones, identificarse como \u00E1rabes). La conversi\u00F3n tra\u00EDa ventajas sociales y econ\u00F3micas, como era eludir el doble impuesto que deb\u00EDan pagar los no musulmanes: uno, por la cantidad de tierras pose\u00EDdas; otro, dependiendo del n\u00FAmero de habitantes. Los infieles no ten\u00EDan derecho a poseer armas y su palabra podr\u00EDa valer hasta 1/4 de la de un musulm\u00E1n. En cambio, los musulmanes estaban solo obligados al pago de una limosna legal o zakat (azaque). En Ir\u00E1n, por ejemplo, la Constituci\u00F3n reconoce a los jud\u00EDos, cristianos y zoroastrianos ('sabeos') como \"gente del libro\" dot\u00E1ndolos de ciertos derechos como relativa libertad religiosa as\u00ED como representaci\u00F3n en el Parlamento,\u200B derechos que no tienen otras minor\u00EDas religiosas como los bahais. Los mandeos en Ir\u00E1n est\u00E1n clasificados legalmente como cristianos y acceden a los derechos establecidos para esta comunidad aunque los mandeos mismos no se consideran cristianos. El te\u00F3logo isl\u00E1mico Asghar Ali argumenta que el Cor\u00E1n contiene muchos mandatos que ordenan a los musulmanes guardar respeto hacia todas las dem\u00E1s religiones, no destruir los templos de ninguna religi\u00F3n y convivir pac\u00EDficamente con todos los grupos religiosos, no solo cristianos y jud\u00EDos, sino tambi\u00E9n paganos, y que el combate isl\u00E1mico hacia la idolatr\u00EDa se refer\u00EDa solo a la interpretaci\u00F3n literal del t\u00E9rmino id\u00F3latra, es decir, el que adora a un \u00EDdolo, pero no hacia las religiones como el hinduismo o el budismo en donde los \u00EDdolos son solo vistos como el s\u00EDmbolo de una fuerza divina superior. Ejemplo de ello fue el gobierno de Mahoma en Medina donde el profeta en persona orden\u00F3 respetar las pr\u00E1cticas y creencias de jud\u00EDos, cristianos y paganos permiti\u00E9ndoles mantener sus pr\u00E1cticas y autogobiernos, as\u00ED como la tolerancia hacia hind\u00FAes bajo ciertos gobiernos mogoles en India.\u200B El Cor\u00E1n tambi\u00E9n proh\u00EDbe insultar a otros dioses para as\u00ED evitar que se insulte a Dios por ignorancia y como respuesta."@es ,
		"Dhimma (arabisch \u0630\u0645\u0629 dhimma, DMG \u1E0Fimma \u201ESchutz(-vertrag)\u201C, \u201EObhut\u201C, \u201EGarantie\u201C, \u201EZahlungsverpflichtung\u201C) ist eine Institution des islamischen Rechts, die den juristischen Status nichtmuslimischer \u201ESchutzbefohlener\u201C ahl adh-dhimma, dhimm\u012B / \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629 \u060C \u0630\u0645\u064A / ahl a\u1E0F-\u1E0Fimma, \u1E0Fimm\u012B unter islamischer Herrschaft festlegt. Die Definition der \u201EDhimma\u201C und der juristische Umgang mit Schutzbefohlenen sind im islamischen Kriegs- und Fremdenrecht im zweiten muslimischen Jahrhundert (8. Jahrhundert n. Chr.) entstanden und in dem daraus entwickelten Zweig der Rechtsliteratur Ahkam ahl adh-dhimma / \u0623\u062D\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629 / a\u1E25k\u0101m ahl a\u1E0F-\u1E0Fimma /\u201ARechtsbestimmungen f\u00FCr Schutzbefohlene\u2018 er\u00F6rtert. Ein solches Schutzb\u00FCndnis war urspr\u00FCnglich nur Juden, Christen und Sabiern vorbehalten. Im Laufe der islamischen Expansion hat man indes das Angebot der Dhimma auch auf andere Religionsgemeinschaften, wie beispielsweise die Zoroastrier oder die Hindus, ausgeweitet, so dass letzten Endes alle Nichtmuslime schlechthin dazu bef\u00E4higt waren, einen Dhimma-Vertrag mit den muslimischen Eroberern zu schlie\u00DFen. Mit diesem Vertrag ging die Zahlung der Dschizya einher. Die Behandlung nichtmuslimischer Untertanen unter islamischer Herrschaft variierte abh\u00E4ngig von Ort, Zeit und Herrscher. (siehe unten: ) Seit der Entstehung der Nationalstaaten in der islamischen Welt mit jeweils unterschiedlichem Geltungsbereich der Scharia in ihren Legislativen ist die Rechtsstellung des Dhimmi in der Gegenwart entweder aufgegeben oder modifiziert worden. Der Begriff der Dhimma kommt in einer Auseinandersetzung Mohammeds mit den Polytheisten von Mekka in den Versen 8 und 10 der 9. Sure in der Bedeutung von \u201EBindung\u201C und \u201EVerpflichtung\u201C vor. In einigen Sendschreiben Mohammeds an die arabischen St\u00E4mme und christlichen Gemeinschaften wird die \u201EDhimma Gottes und seines Gesandten\u201C \u0630\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647 / \u1E0Fimmatu Ll\u0101hi wa-ras\u016Blih\u012B bei der Bekehrung zum Islam zugesichert."@de ,
		"Un dhimmi (in arabo: \u0630\u0645\u064A\u200E, collettivo: \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629, ahl al-dhimma, \"Gente della dhimma\", Lingua turca zimmi) era un suddito non-musulmano di uno Stato governato dalla shari'a, la legge islamica. Con dhimma si intende un \"patto di protezione\" contratto tra non musulmani e un'autorit\u00E0 di governo musulmana. Lo status di dhimmi era in origine riferito solo all'Ahl al-Kitab (\"Gente del Libro\"), cio\u00E8 ebrei e cristiani, ma in seguito anche zoroastriani, mandei e infine agli ind\u00F9, ai sikh e ai buddhisti. I dhimmi godevano di maggiori diritti rispetto ad altri soggetti non-musulmani, ma di minori diritti legali e sociali dei musulmani. Lo status di dhimmi venne applicato a milioni di persone vissute tra l'Oceano Atlantico e l'India dal VII secolo all'epoca moderna. Nel tempo, molti si convertirono all'Islam. Molte conversioni furono volontarie e motivate da diverse ragioni, ma le conversioni forzate giocarono un ruolo crescente soprattutto dal XII secolo sotto gli Almohadi nel Maghreb, in Persia e in Egitto, dove il Cristianesimo copto era ancora la religione numericamente dominante. Un'altra fonte della legislazione sui cristiani \u00E8 il cosiddetto Patto di Omar."@it ,
		"Dhimm\u012B (Arabic: \u0630\u0645\u064A \u1E0Fimm\u012B, IPA: [\u02C8\u00F0immi\u02D0], collectively \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629 \u02BEahl a\u1E0F-\u1E0Fimmah/dhimmah \"the people of the covenant\") or mu\u02BF\u0101hid (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062F) is a historical term for non-Muslims living in an Islamic state with legal protection. The word literally means \"protected person\", referring to the state's obligation under sharia to protect the individual's life, property, as well as freedom of religion, in exchange for loyalty to the state and payment of the jizya tax, in contrast to the zakat, or obligatory alms, paid by the Muslim subjects. Dhimmi were exempt from certain duties assigned specifically to Muslims if they paid the poll tax (jizya) but were otherwise equal under the laws of property, contract, and obligation. Historically, dhimmi status was originally applied to Jews, Christians, and Sabians, who are considered to be \"People of the Book\" in Islamic theology. This status later also came to be applied to Zoroastrians, Sikhs, Hindus, Jains, and Buddhists. Jews and Christians were required to pay the jizyah while others, depending on the different rulings of the four Madhhabs, might be required to accept Islam, pay the jizya, be exiled, or be killed. During the rule of al-Mutawakkil, the tenth Abbasid Caliph, numerous restrictions reinforced the second-class citizen status of dhimm\u012Bs and forced their communities into ghettos. For instance, they were required to distinguish themselves from their Muslim neighbors by their dress. They were not permitted to build new churches or synagogues, but only to repair old ones. Under Sharia, the dhimmi communities were usually governed by their own laws in place of some of the laws applicable to the Muslim community. For example, the Jewish community of Medina was allowed to have its own Halakhic courts, and the Ottoman millet system allowed its various dhimmi communities to rule themselves under separate legal courts. These courts did not cover cases that involved religious groups outside of their own communities, or capital offences. Dhimmi communities were also allowed to engage in certain practices that were usually forbidden for the Muslim community, such as the consumption of alcohol and pork. Moderate Muslims generally reject the dhimma system as inappropriate for the age of nation-states and democracies. There is a range of opinions among 20th-century and contemporary Islamic theologians about whether the notion of dhimma is appropriate for modern times, and, if so, what form it should take in an Islamic state. There are differences among the Islamic Madhhabs regarding which non-Muslims can pay jizya and have dhimmi status. The Hanafi and Maliki Madhabs allow non-Muslims in general to have dhimmi status. In contrast, the Shafi'i and Hanbali Madhabs only allow Christians, Jews and Zoroastrians to have dhimmi status, while maintaining all other non-Muslims must either convert to Islam or be fought."@en ,
		"La dhimma \u2014de l'\u00E0rab \u0630\u0645\u0629, \u1E0Fimma, \u2018proteccio\u2019, \u2018garantia\u2019, \u2018immunitat\u2019, \u2018seguretat\u2019\u2014 \u00E9s un pacte de protecci\u00F3 o una capitulaci\u00F3 entre \u00ABGent del Llibre\u00BB (ahl al-kitab) i musulmans pel qual els primers se sotmeten als segons, que passen a anomenar-se dhimm\u00EDs. En virtut d'aquest pacte, els dhimm\u00EDs poden mantenir els seus usos i costums (amb algunes restriccions) i reben protecci\u00F3 i empara de les autoritats musulmanes en relaci\u00F3 amb enemics externs. A canvi, s'obliguen a pagar un impost de capitaci\u00F3 (jizya) i, si es posseeixen terres, una contribuci\u00F3 per aquestes (kharaj), de valor variable. Tamb\u00E9 patien algunes restriccions en els seus drets civils, com ara l'obligaci\u00F3 de dur vestits distintius o la prohibici\u00F3 d'algunes manifestacions religioses p\u00FAbliques."@ca ,
		"Dhimmi (arabe \u0630\u0645\u0651\u064A \u1E0Fimm\u012B ) estas la nomo per kiu estis konataj en la islama mondo la judoj kaj kristanoj kiuj lo\u011Dis en islamaj \u015Dtatoj, kaj kies lo\u011Dado estis tolerata, la\u016D la le\u011Doj de la \u015Dario (muzulmana le\u011Do), kontra\u016D la pago de specifaj impostoj kaj la akceptado de malsupera socia klaso. La dhimma a\u016D protektado nuntempe ne ekzistas en la modernaj islamaj \u015Dtatoj, kvankam en kelkaj el ili la anoj de religiaj malplimultoj da\u016Dre denuncas ke ili trovi\u011Das en malsupera socia klaso. La ekzistado de la koncepto dhimma venas de la rilatoj inter islamo kun judismo kaj kristanismo kaj kiu trovi\u011Das en la Korano. Male al tio ke la judoj kaj kristanoj kundividas saman historion kaj vidas la muzulmanojn kiel nefideluloj, islamo konsideras ke judoj kaj kristanoj estas portantoj de la frua dia vorto, tiu sama kiun ricevis Mahometo, sed ili kredas ke judoj kaj kristanoj modifis la originalan mesa\u011Don kaj aparti\u011Dis de \u011Di. Pro tiu kialo ili estas konsiderataj perdi\u011Dintoj sed ne kiel nefideluloj. La vorto dhimmah signifas \"pakto\" a\u016D \"devo\". \u011Ci estas koncepto de la \u015Cario, la\u016D kiu la judoj kaj kristanoj (kaj kelkfoje membroj de aliaj religioj konsiderataj unudiaj, kiel la zoroastranoj), \u011Denerale nomataj \"gento de la Libro\", vivas sub la \u00ABprotekto\u00BB de la sultano a\u016D muzulmana reganto, kun rajtoj kaj devoj \u00ABdiferencigitaj\u00BB. Kutime, la \"gento de la dhimma\" liberi\u011Das de la militservo kaj la religia imposto, nomata , sed anstata\u016D \u011Di ili devas pagi individuan imposton, nomata (\u062C\u0632\u064A\u0629), kaj imposto sur la tero, krom akcepti la a\u016Dtoritatecon de la sultano. Tiu le\u011Do garantias al la malplimultoj praktiki la kredon (kvankam kun gravaj limigoj) kaj havi proprajn ju\u011Distojn rilate al civilaj aferoj, kiel geedzi\u011Doj, divorcoj, sukcedoj, ktp."@eo ,
		"\u30BA\u30A3\u30F3\u30DF\u30FC\uFF08\u30A2\u30E9\u30D3\u30A2\u8A9E: \u0630\u0645\u0651\u064A\u200E\u3001Dhimm\u012B\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u30A4\u30B9\u30E9\u30FC\u30E0\u653F\u6A29\u4E0B\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u5E87\u8B77\u6C11\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3002\u5177\u4F53\u7684\u306B\u306F\u3001\u30E0\u30B9\u30EA\u30E0\u652F\u914D\u8005\u306E\u7D71\u6CBB\u4E0B\u306B\u4E00\u5B9A\u306E\u4FDD\u8B77\u3092\u4E0E\u3048\u3089\u308C\u305F\u30AD\u30EA\u30B9\u30C8\u6559\u5F92\u3084\u30E6\u30C0\u30E4\u6559\u5F92\u3092\u306F\u3058\u3081\u3068\u3059\u308B\u975E\u30E0\u30B9\u30EA\u30E0\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002"@ja ,
		"\u9F50\u7C73\uFF08\u963F\u62C9\u4F2F\u8BED\uFF1A\u0630\u0645\u064A\u200E[\u02C8\u00F0\u026Am\u02D0i\u02D0]\uFF0C\u8F6C\u5199\uFF1ADhimm\u012B \uFF0C\u88AB\u4FDD\u62A4\u7684\uFF09\uFF0C\u4EA6\u88AB\u8BD1\u4F5C\u8FEA\u7C73\uFF0C\u4F0A\u65AF\u862D\u6559\u7A31\u201C\uFF08\u88AB\uFF09\u4FDD\u8B77\u6C11\u201D\u7684\u672F\u8BED\uFF0C\u662F\u6307\u5728\u4EE5\u6C99\u91CC\u4E9A\u6CD5\u89C4\u4E3A\u57FA\u7840\u7684\u4F0A\u65AF\u5170\u56FD\u5BB6\u4E2D\u4FE1\u4EF0\u5176\u4ED6\u4E00\u795E\u6559\u7684\u4EBA\uFF08\u6709\u7D93\u8005\uFF09\u3002\u591A\u795E\u6559\u8207\u7121\u795E\u8AD6\u8005\u4E0D\u5728\u88AB\u4FDD\u8B77\u7684\u7BC4\u570D\u5167\u3002 \u8FD9\u4E00\u8BCD\u6C47\u6700\u65E9\u662F\u6307\u72B9\u592A\u6559\u5F92\u7684\uFF0C\u540E\u6765\u6269\u5C55\u5230\u4E86\u57FA\u7763\u5F92\u3001\u4EE5\u53CA\u7410\u7F57\u4E9A\u65AF\u5FB7\u6559\u4FE1\u4EF0\u8005\u3002\u9F50\u7C73\u5728\u751F\u6D3B\u4E0A\u6709\u9650\u5236\uFF1A\u4E0D\u80FD\u7A7F\u7DA0\u8272\u8863\u670D\u3001\u4E0D\u80FD\u9A0E\u99AC\u3001\u4E0D\u80FD\u96A8\u4FBF\u5EFA\u65B0\u5B97\u6559\u5834\u5730\u3001\u5B97\u6559\u5834\u5730\u4E0D\u80FD\u9AD8\u65BC\u6E05\u771F\u5BFA\u3001\u4EA4\u5409\u5179\u4E9E\u7A0E\u3001\u4F5C\u8BC1\u8BC1\u8BCD\u4E0D\u4E00\u5B9A\u88AB\u6CD5\u5B98\u63A5\u53D7\u3002\u4E0D\u80FD\u4E3B\u5F35\u5148\u77E5\u6240\u53CD\u5C0D\u7684\u6559\u7FA9\u6216\u516C\u958B\u9055\u9006\u771F\u4E3B\u7684\u8209\u52D5\u3002\u53E6\u82E5\u653E\u68C4\u6709\u7D93\u8005\u8EAB\u5206\uFF08\u5982\u653E\u68C4\u4E00\u795E\u8AD6\uFF09\u6216\u6545\u72AF\u4F0A\u65AF\u5170\u56FD\u5BB6\u898F\u7BC4\uFF0C\u5247\u4E0D\u518D\u53D7\u4FDD\u8B77\u3002\u7167\u8056\u8A13\u6559\u5C0E\uFF0C\u6B64\u7B49\u4FDD\u8B77\u53EA\u80FD\u662F\u66AB\u6642\u7684\uFF0C\u4E16\u754C\u672B\u65E5\u4E4B\u6642\u9F4A\u7C73\u4EA6\u5C07\u63A5\u53D7\u4F0A\u65AF\u862D\u3002 \u9F50\u7C73\u8D77\u6E90\u4E8E\u5965\u9A6C\u5C14\u786E\u5B9A\u7684\u539F\u5219\uFF0C\u5373\u5C06\u88AB\u5F81\u670D\u7684\u975E\u7A46\u65AF\u6797\u4EBA\u53E3\u5212\u4E3A\u9F50\u7C73\uFF0C\u4F7F\u4E4B\u6210\u4E3A\u4F9D\u9644\u4E8E\u54C8\u91CC\u53D1\u56FD\u5BB6\u7684\u76F4\u63A5\u751F\u4EA7\u8005\u3002\u8FD9\u4E00\u5236\u5EA6\u4E0E\u516C\u5143632\u5E74\u4EE5\u6765\u4F0A\u65AF\u5170\u56FD\u5BB6\u8FDB\u5165\u5927\u89C4\u6A21\u6269\u5F20\u9636\u6BB5\uFF0C\u5927\u91CF\u975E\u7A46\u65AF\u6797\u4EBA\u53E3\u63A5\u53D7\u7EDF\u6CBB\uFF0C\u4E14\u5730\u6743\u53D1\u751F\u53D8\u5316\u7684\u73B0\u5B9E\u76F8\u9002\u5E94\u3002"@zh ,
		"Secara istilah, dzimmi (bahasa Arab: \u0630\u0645\u064A\u200E, majemuk: \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629, ahlul dzimmah, \"orang-orang dzimmah\") adalah orang non-Muslim merdeka yang hidup dalam negara Islam yang, sebagai balasan karena membayar pajak perorangan, menerima perlindungan dan keamanan. Hukum mengenai dzimmi berlaku di sebuah negara yang menjalankan Syariah Islam. Kata dzimmi sendiri berarti \"perlindungan\". Status dzimmi mulai berlaku di daerah-daerah Islam dari Samudera Atlantik hingga India sejak zaman Muhammad pada abad ke-7 hingga zaman modern. Dari waktu ke waktu, banyak orang dzimmi yang masuk Islam. Kebanyakan dari mereka pindah agama secara sukarela, kecuali pada beberapa kasus pada abad ke-12, misalnya zaman kekuasaan Muwahidun di Afrika Utara dan Al-Andalus, serta pada masa kekuasaan Syiah di Persia. Menurut Qur'an Surat At Taubah ayat 29, orang-orang dzimmi diharuskan membayar pajak yang disebut jizyah, dan tidak boleh diperangi oleh orang Islam. Orang-orang dzimmi yang membayar jizyah diperbolehkan menjalankan ibadah agama mereka, menerima otonomi komunal, harus dilindungi oleh umat Islam jika ada serangan dari luar, dibebaskan dari wajib militer, dibebaskan dari membayar zakat serta pajak-pajak yang dikenakan pada umat Islam."@in ,
		"Um dhimm\u012B (em \u00E1rabe: \u0630\u0645\u064A, transl. \u1E0Fimm\u012B, AFI: [\u02C8\u00F0\u026Ammi\u02D0], coletivamente \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629, ahl al-\u1E0Fimmah/dhimmah, \"o povo da dhimma\" ou \"contrato\") \u00E9 um s\u00FAdito n\u00E3o-mu\u00E7ulmano de um Estado governado de acordo com a xari\u00E1. A dhimma \u00E9 um contrato te\u00F3rico estabelecido com base numa doutrina isl\u00E2mica amplamente difundida que concede direitos e responsabilidades limitadas aos seguidores do juda\u00EDsmo, cristianismo (\"Povos do Livro\") e algumas outras religi\u00F5es n\u00E3o-isl\u00E2micas. A dhimma permite a estes indiv\u00EDduos o direito de resid\u00EAncia (na ) em troca do pagamento de determinadas taxas. Os dhimmi t\u00EAm menos direitos e responsabilidades legais e sociais que os mu\u00E7ulmanos, por\u00E9m mais do que o resto dos n\u00E3o-mu\u00E7ulmanos. S\u00E3o dispensados ou exclu\u00EDdos de determinadas obriga\u00E7\u00F5es e responsabilidades atribu\u00EDdas aos mu\u00E7ulmanos, por\u00E9m noutros aspectos, como leis de propriedade e contratuais, s\u00E3o iguais aos mu\u00E7ulmanos. Sob a xari\u00E1, o status de dhimmi era concedido originalmente a judeus, crist\u00E3os e sabeus. Outras religi\u00F5es vieram a ser \"protegidas\" posteriormente, como o zoroastrianismo, o mande\u00EDsmo, o hindu\u00EDsmo e o budismo. Posteriormente, a maior escola de jurisprud\u00EAncia isl\u00E2mica aplicou este termo a todos os n\u00E3o-mu\u00E7ulmanos que habitavam territ\u00F3rios isl\u00E2micos fora da \u00E1rea sagrada em torno de Meca, na Ar\u00E1bia Saudita. Como um exemplo das distin\u00E7\u00F5es entre mu\u00E7ulmanos, dhimmis e outros, a xari\u00E1 permite o consumo de carne de porco e bebidas alco\u00F3licas por n\u00E3o-mu\u00E7ulmanos que vivam em pa\u00EDses isl\u00E2micos, embora eles n\u00E3o possam ser consumidos ou mesmo exibidos em p\u00FAblico. O consumo de tais itens, no entanto, \u00E9 expressamente proibido a todos os mu\u00E7ulmanos. Como outro exemplo, a interpreta\u00E7\u00E3o da xari\u00E1 aplicada na Ar\u00E1bia Saudita moderna estipula o pagamento de em casos de assassinatos. A quantia que deve ser paga para os familiares de uma v\u00EDtima crist\u00E3 ou judia \u00E9 a metade da que deve ser paga por um mu\u00E7ulmano; j\u00E1 a de seguidores de quaisquer outras religi\u00F5es \u00E9 de apenas 1/16. Este ponto de vista, no entanto, \u00E9 minorit\u00E1rio, e a maior escola de jurisprud\u00EAncia do isl\u00E3, a escola hanafita, n\u00E3o faz distin\u00E7\u00F5es entre um dhimmi e um cidad\u00E3o mu\u00E7ulmano."@pt ,
		"Dhimmi je sp\u00ED\u0161e historick\u00FD isl\u00E1msk\u00FD pojem pro v\u011B\u0159\u00EDc\u00ED nemuslimy (tradi\u010Dn\u011B zejm\u00E9na \"lid knihy\", tedy k\u0159es\u0165any a \u017Eidy) \u017Eij\u00EDc\u00EDch v p\u0159ev\u00E1\u017En\u011B muslimsk\u00FDch zem\u00EDch. Dle tradi\u010Dn\u00EDho pr\u00E1va jsou dhimmi ob\u010Dan\u00E9 \u201Esvobodn\u00ED\u201C s omezen\u00FDmi pravomocemi (viz Umaruv Pakt). V minulosti byla t\u011Bmto lidem, kte\u0159\u00ED cht\u011Bj\u00ED \u017E\u00EDt dobrovoln\u011B ve v\u011Bt\u0161in\u011B isl\u00E1msk\u00FDch zem\u00EDch ulo\u017Eena nap\u0159\u00EDklad povinn\u00E1 \u010D\u00E1stka st\u00E1tu tzv.: \"d\u017Eizja\" (kdo na tento poplatek v\u0161ak nem\u011Bl a byl chud\u00FD, \u010Derpal ze st\u00E1tn\u00EDch v\u00FDhod a podpory sousedn\u00EDch spoluob\u010Dan\u016F; kdo zaplatit odm\u00EDtl, byl bez l\u00EDtosti popraven), nemo\u017Enost\u00ED stav\u011Bn\u00ED nov\u00FDch modliteben (kostel\u016F, synagog) (ty p\u016Fvodn\u00ED v\u0161ak na \u00FAzem\u00ED z\u016Fstaly a do praktiktov\u00E1n\u00ED n\u00E1bo\u017Eenstv\u00ED st\u00E1t nemluvil, ov\u0161em ve\u0159ejn\u00E9 modlitby byly zak\u00E1zan\u00E9, stejn\u011B jako jak\u00E9koli hlasit\u00E9 modlen\u00ED), syst\u00E9m dev\u0161irme, atd. Ve v\u011Bt\u0161in\u011B modern\u00EDch isl\u00E1msk\u00FDch zem\u00EDch jsou n\u00E1bo\u017Eensk\u00E9 men\u0161iny ofici\u00E1ln\u011B rovnopr\u00E1vn\u00E9 (\u017Eij\u00ED vedle sebe na jednom \u00FAzem\u00ED); faktick\u00E1 rovnopr\u00E1vnost je v\u0161ak mnohdy sporn\u00E1. Vyskytuje se i pojem dhimizace (nebo dhimmizace) jako proces sm\u011B\u0159uj\u00EDc\u00ED k podman\u011Bn\u00ED st\u00E1tu nebo obyvatelstva muslimy na \u00FArove\u0148 dhimmi."@cs ,
		"\u0417\u0438\u043C\u043C\u0438\u0301 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0437\u0438\u0301\u043C\u043C\u0438\u0438 (\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431. \u0630\u0645\u064A\u200E, \u0441\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629\u200E \u0430\u0445\u043B\u044C \u0430\u0437-\u0437\u0438\u0301\u043C\u043C\u0430 \u2014 \u0431\u0443\u043A\u0432. \u00AB\u043B\u044E\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u043E\u0433\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0430\u00BB) \u2014 \u0441\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043D\u0435\u043C\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043B\u044C\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F (\u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043A\u0442\u043E \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B \u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0438\u0437\u043C, \u0437\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043C \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0447.) \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0441\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043E\u0451\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043C\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043B\u044C\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u044F \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044C \u043D\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0445 \u0448\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0430 (\u043A\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432 \u043E \u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0435 (\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043A, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434))."@ru ,
		"\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062D \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064A \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064A \u064A\u0642\u0635\u062F \u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0647\u0648\u062F \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062A\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062D\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A\u0646 \u064A\u0639\u064A\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u062A\u062D\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064A \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062F \u0630\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063A\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629."@ar ,
		"Zimmi, dhimmi (arab. \u0630\u0645\u064A, l. mn. \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629, ahl az-zimma) \u2013 arabska nazwa niemuzu\u0142ma\u0144skich mieszka\u0144c\u00F3w krain pod panowaniem islamu. Nazwa pochodzi od zimma, czyli pakt. Zgodnie z Koranem poganie mieli wyb\u00F3r nawr\u00F3ci\u0107 si\u0119 lub zgin\u0105\u0107. Wyj\u0105tek zrobiono dla Lud\u00F3w Ksi\u0119gi.Muzu\u0142manie na podbitych przez siebie ziemiach tolerowali ich obecno\u015B\u0107. Nie odbierali miejsc kultu i zezwalali na religijne rytua\u0142y, ale pod specjalnymi warunkami \u2013 obowi\u0105zywa\u0142 ich zakaz noszenia broni i dosiadania koni, musieli zak\u0142ada\u0107 odr\u00F3\u017Cniaj\u0105ce ubiory oraz nie wolno im by\u0142o nawraca\u0107 muzu\u0142man\u00F3w. Nowe ko\u015Bcio\u0142y i synagogi musia\u0142y by\u0107 ni\u017Csze od meczet\u00F3w.Wszyscy zimmi musieli tak\u017Ce p\u0142aci\u0107 specjalne podatki (charad\u017C, d\u017Cizja)."@pl ,
		"En dhimmi (arabiska: \u0630\u0645\u0651\u064A) ibland \u00E4ven stavat zhimmi, \u00E4r, enligt klassisk islamisk r\u00E4ttslig (shari'a) och politisk litteratur, en jude eller kristen som lever i en muslimsk stat och \u00E5tnjuter statens beskydd. Termen betyder bokstavligen \"skyddad person\" och kommer etymologiskt fr\u00E5n dhimma, \"att vara omh\u00E4ndertagen\". De som teologiskt och historiskt har omfattats av denna s\u00E4rst\u00E4llning \u00E4r anh\u00E4ngare av de abrahamitiska religionerna, vars religioner tolkats som uppenbarade, dvs. judar och kristna, de s\u00E5 kallade \u201Dbokens folk\u201D. I mogulriket kom hinduer att r\u00E4knas som dhimmi. Inneb\u00F6rden i dhimmi-systemet \u00E4r att kristna och judar i muslimska omr\u00E5den f\u00E5r erh\u00E5lla r\u00E4ttigheter och beskydd av den muslimska \u00F6verh\u00F6gheten utan att betala det islamiska samfundet religi\u00F6sa skatten, zakat. Att vara en dhimmi inneb\u00E4r att man inte har samma r\u00E4ttsliga status som en muslim, exempelvis beh\u00F6ver inte en dhimmi tj\u00E4nstg\u00F6ra i f\u00F6rsvaret, men har r\u00E4tt till liv, egendom och att ut\u00F6va sin religion. Han m\u00E5ste framf\u00F6r allt betala en speciell skatt (jizya) och medan muslimer endast betalade en l\u00E4gre jordskatt, , fick judar och kristna betala en h\u00F6gre skatt p\u00E5 egendom och mark, som kallades f\u00F6r . Det var allts\u00E5 ekonomiskt l\u00F6nsamt f\u00F6r muslimska riken att en viss andel av befolkningen inte \u00F6vergick till islam. I takt med att omv\u00E4ndningen \u00F6kade f\u00F6r\u00E4ndrades d\u00E4rf\u00F6r skattesystemet och den religi\u00F6sa \u00E5tskillnaden mellan olika jordskatter f\u00F6rsvann. En annan viktig historisk skillnad \u00E4r att olika lagstiftningar g\u00E4llde f\u00F6r de abrahimitiska religionerna, d\u00E4r kristna och judar fick lyda sina egna lagar i interna angel\u00E4genheter, s\u00E5som arv och r\u00E4ttstvister. \u00C4nnu en skillnad \u00E4r att en muslimsk man enligt sharia f\u00E5r gifta sig med upp till 4 kvinnor, som kan vara antingen muslimer, kristna eller judinnor, medan ett \u00E4ktenskap mellan en muslimsk kvinna och en icke-muslimsk man \u00E4r f\u00F6rbjudet. Andra restriktioner f\u00F6r dhimmi var t.ex. f\u00F6rbud mot att b\u00E4ra vapen eller att \u00E4ga finare riddjur. Det fanns ocks\u00E5 restriktioner f\u00F6r kl\u00E4dedr\u00E4kten och att icke-muslimer skulle b\u00E4ra n\u00E5got slags k\u00E4nnetecken. Judiska och kristna religi\u00F6sa byggnader fick inte vara st\u00F6rre och st\u00E5tligare \u00E4n muslimska religi\u00F6sa byggnader. Vissa av dessa restriktioner (till exempel jizya, f\u00F6rbud mot att gifta sig med muslimska kvinnor) har funnits \u00F6verallt och konstant sedan den tidiga islams tid i alla l\u00E4nder vars lagar var baserade p\u00E5 sharia. Andra (s\u00E4rskilt f\u00F6rbud mott att b\u00E4ra vapen eller att \u00E4ga finare riddjur, skyldigheten att b\u00E4ra vissa typer av kl\u00E4der, byggrestriktioner) inf\u00F6rdes och avskaffades av olika muslimiska h\u00E4rskare vid olika tidpunkter och i olika l\u00E4nder. Under 1800-talets andra h\u00E4lft inf\u00F6rde Osmanska riket en serie r\u00E4ttsreformer som gradvis st\u00E4rkte de icke-muslimska inv\u00E5narnas (ungef\u00E4r 25% av rikets befolkning) r\u00E4ttsliga st\u00E4llning i samh\u00E4llet och efter f\u00F6rsta v\u00E4rldskriget avskaffade Turkiet alla de osmanska sharialagarna. I de flesta muslimska l\u00E4nder som blev sj\u00E4lvst\u00E4ndiga under 1900-talet inf\u00F6rdes inga sharialagar av denna typ, medan de d\u00E4remot delvis \u00E5terinf\u00F6rdes i Iran efter revolutionen 1979."@sv ;
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<http://dbpedia.org/resource/\u0130nayet_Giray>	dbo:wikiPageWikiLink	dbr:Dhimmi .  <script>parent.window.postMessage('ixistenz.url:http://dbpedia.org/data/Dhimmi.ttl', '*'); </script> <div id='browserdiffcontainer' style='position: fixed; right: 10px; top: 10vh; min-width: 60px;  border: 1px solid white; background: rgb(251, 189, 0);; opacity: 0.9; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans serif;  font-size: 12px; z-index: 20001; padding-bottom: 20px;'><div onclick="toggle('browserdiffcontainerlist'); return false;" style='background: rgb(151, 89, 0);; color: white; '><strong>&nbsp; <span class='glyphicon glyphicon-minus'></span> NODES</strong></div><div id='browserdiffcontainerlist' style='padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; max-height: 50vh; overflow: auto; '><div><a href='#diffid116' style='color: white;' onClick="parent.window.postMessage('ixistenz.opendiff:116', '*');; return false;" style='text-decoration: none; '>COMMUNITY </a> <a style='color: white;' href='#diffid116'><sup>3</sup></a></div><div><a href='#diffid123' style='color: white;' onClick="parent.window.postMessage('ixistenz.opendiff:123', '*');; return false;" style='text-decoration: none; '>INTERN </a> <a style='color: white;' href='#diffid123'><sup>2</sup></a></div><div><a href='#diffid878' style='color: white;' onClick="parent.window.postMessage('ixistenz.opendiff:878', '*');; return false;" style='text-decoration: none; '>Note </a> <a style='color: white;' href='#diffid878'><sup>2</sup></a></div><div><a href='#diffid122' style='color: white;' onClick="parent.window.postMessage('ixistenz.opendiff:122', '*');; return false;" style='text-decoration: none; '>todo </a> <a style='color: white;' href='#diffid122'><sup>5</sup></a></div></div></div>
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