@prefix dbo: . @prefix dbr: . dbr:Klaus_Hentschel dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Epistemic_modal_logic . dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Epistemic_modal_logic . dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Epistemic_modal_logic . dbr:Kripke_semantics dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Epistemic_modal_logic . dbr:Masked-man_fallacy dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Epistemic_modal_logic . @prefix foaf: . @prefix wikipedia-en: . wikipedia-en:Epistemic_modal_logic foaf:primaryTopic dbr:Epistemic_modal_logic . dbr:Epistemic_logic dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Epistemic_modal_logic ; dbo:wikiPageRedirects dbr:Epistemic_modal_logic . dbr:The_Unknown_Known dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Epistemic_modal_logic . dbr:There_are_unknown_unknowns dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Epistemic_modal_logic . dbr:Extensive-form_game dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Epistemic_modal_logic . dbr:Dialogical_logic dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Epistemic_modal_logic . dbr:Index_of_robotics_articles dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Epistemic_modal_logic . @prefix rdf: . dbr:Epistemic_modal_logic rdf:type dbo:Disease . @prefix owl: . dbr:Epistemic_modal_logic rdf:type owl:Thing . @prefix rdfs: . dbr:Epistemic_modal_logic rdfs:label "Epistema logiko"@eo , "L\u00F3gica epist\u00E9mica"@es , "Epistemische Logik"@de , "\u8A8D\u8B58\u8AD6\u7406"@ja , "Epistemic modal logic"@en , "L\u00F2gica epist\u00E8mica"@ca , "Logica modale epistemica"@it , "L\u00F3gica epist\u00EAmica"@pt , "Logique \u00E9pist\u00E9mique"@fr , "Epistemische logica"@nl , "\u042D\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u043A\u0430"@ru , "\uC778\uC2DD \uB17C\uB9AC"@ko , "\u8BA4\u8BC6\u903B\u8F91"@zh ; rdfs:comment "\u8BA4\u8BC6\u903B\u8F91\u662F\u5173\u5FC3\u4E0E\u77E5\u8BC6\u6709\u5173\u7684\u63A8\u7406\u7684\u6A21\u6001\u903B\u8F91\u5B50\u9886\u57DF\u3002(\u8BA4\u8BC6\u8FD9\u4E2A\u8BCD\u7684\u5E0C\u814A\u8BED\u662F Episteme)\u3002\u5B83\u5E94\u7528\u4E8E\u54F2\u5B66\u3001\u8BA1\u7B97\u673A\u79D1\u5B66\u3001\u4EBA\u5DE5\u667A\u80FD\u548C\u5176\u4ED6\u9886\u57DF\u3002 \u8BA4\u8BC6\u903B\u8F91\u7684\u57FA\u672C\u6A21\u6001\u7B97\u5B50\u901A\u5E38\u5199\u4E3A K\uFF0C\u5B83\u53EF\u4EE5\u8BFB\u505A\u201C\u6709\u4EBA\u77E5\u9053...\u201D\uFF0C\u201C...\u5728\u8BA4\u8BC6\u4E0A\u662F\u5FC5\u7136\u7684\u201D\uFF0C\u6216\u201C\u4E0D...\u4E0E\u5DF2\u77E5\u76F8\u77DB\u76FE\u201D\u3002\u5982\u679C\u6709\u591A\u4E8E\u4E00\u4E2A\u7684\u5176\u77E5\u8BC6\u8981\u88AB\u8868\u73B0\u7684\u4EE3\u7406\u8005(agent)\uFF0C\u53EF\u4EE5\u5411\u8FD9\u4E2A\u7B97\u5B50\u9644\u52A0\u4E0B\u6807(Ka, Kb, etc.)\u6765\u6307\u793A\u8C08\u8BBA\u7684\u662F\u54EA\u4E2A\u4EE3\u7406\u8005\u3002 \u8BA4\u8BC6\u903B\u8F91\u4E0E\u771F\u52BF\u6A21\u6001\u903B\u8F91\u5171\u4EAB\u67D0\u4E9B\u7279\u5F81\u3002\u4F8B\u5982\u6A21\u5F0F T\uFF0C , \u9648\u8FF0\u5FC5\u7136\u7684\u4E8B\u7269\u662F\u771F\u7684\uFF0C\u8FD9\u597D\u50CF\u662F\u6B63\u786E\u7684\u3002\u5B83\u7684\u8BA4\u8BC6\u7248\u672C\u662F , \u9648\u8FF0\u67D0\u77E5\u8BC6\u4E3A\u201C\u5DF2\u77E5\u201D\u662F\u771F\uFF0C\u8FD9\u597D\u50CF\u540C\u6837\u662F\u6B63\u786E\u7684\u3002\u5728\u53E6\u4E00\u65B9\u9762\uFF0C\u5F88\u591A\u5728\u771F\u52BF\u6A21\u6001\u903B\u8F91\u4E2D\u4F3C\u662F\u800C\u975E\u7684\u516C\u5F0F\u5728\u6309\u77E5\u8BC6\u6765\u89E3\u91CA\u7684\u65F6\u5019\u5C31\u66F4\u52A0\u53EF\u7591\u4E86\u3002\u4F8B\u5982\u6A21\u5F0F 4\uFF0C , \u5F53\u628A\u65B9\u6846\u89E3\u91CA\u4E3A\u201C...(\u5728\u5F62\u800C\u4E0A\u5B66\u4E0A)\u662F\u5FC5\u7136\u7684\u201D\u7684\u65F6\u5019\u597D\u50CF\u662F\u4F3C\u662F\u800C\u975E\u7684\u3002\u5B83\u7684\u77E5\u8BC6\u7248\u672C , \u9648\u8FF0\u5982\u679C\u4E00\u4E2A\u4EE3\u7406\u8005\u77E5\u9053\u67D0\u4E8B\uFF0C\u5219\u4ED6\u77E5\u9053\u4ED6\u77E5\u9053\u8FD9\u4E2A\u4E8B\u60C5\uFF0C\u8FD9\u4E0D\u662F\u4E2A\u5F88\u660E\u663E\u7684\u4E00\u4E2A\u539F\u7406\u3002 \u8BA4\u8BC6\u903B\u8F91\u7684\u65E9\u671F\u63D0\u8BAE\u8005\u5305\u62EC\u548C\u96C5\u5404\u00B7\u8F9B\u63D0\u5361\u3002"@zh , "Die epistemische Logik (von griechisch \u1F10\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE\u03BC\u03B7 \u201AWissenschaft, Wissen\u2018), auch Wissenslogik, befasst sich mit Glauben und Wissen bei Individuen sowie Gruppen. Ziel von Untersuchungen mittels epistemischer Logik ist oft ein dynamisches oder flexibles Modell von Meinungs- und Wissenszust\u00E4nden. Dieser Zweig der philosophischen Logik ist ein Teilbereich der Modallogik und f\u00E4llt im Bereich von Glauben und Meinungen (\u00DCberzeugungen) h\u00E4ufig mit der doxastischen Logik zusammen."@de , "Epistemic modal logic is a subfield of modal logic that is concerned with reasoning about knowledge. While epistemology has a long philosophical tradition dating back to Ancient Greece, epistemic logic is a much more recent development with applications in many fields, including philosophy, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, economics and linguistics. While philosophers since Aristotle have discussed modal logic, and Medieval philosophers such as Avicenna, Ockham, and Duns Scotus developed many of their observations, it was C. I. Lewis who created the first symbolic and systematic approach to the topic, in 1912. It continued to mature as a field, reaching its modern form in 1963 with the work of Kripke."@en , "\uC778\uC2DD \uB17C\uB9AC(\u8A8D\u8B58\u8AD6\u7406, epistemic logic)\uB294 \uC54E\uC758 \uAC1C\uB150\uC744 \uB098\uD0C0\uB0B4\uB294 \uC591\uC0C1 \uB17C\uB9AC \uCCB4\uACC4\uC758 \uC77C\uC885\uC774\uB2E4. \uBCF8\uB798 C. I. Lewis \uB4F1\uC774 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uD55C \uBC14 \uC788\uC73C\uBA70 \uC194 \uD06C\uB9BD\uD0A4\uC758 \uB4F1\uC7A5 \uC774\uD6C4 \uB17C\uB9AC\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uD615\uC2DD\uD654\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uCCA0\uD559\uC744 \uBE44\uB86F\uD558\uC5EC \uCEF4\uD4E8\uD130 \uACFC\uD559, \uACBD\uC81C\uD559, \uC5B8\uC5B4\uD559 \uB4F1 \uB2E4\uC591\uD55C \uBD84\uC57C\uC5D0\uC11C \uCCB4\uACC4\uD654\uC640 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uAC00 \uC9C4\uD589\uB418\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uB2E4\uB9CC \uC774\uAC83\uC774 \uC2E4\uC9C8\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC778\uC2DD\uB860\uC5D0 \uC801\uC6A9\uB420 \uC218 \uC788\uC744 \uAC83\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uB370\uC5D0\uB294 \uD68C\uC758\uB97C \uD45C\uD558\uB294 \uD559\uC790\uB4E4\uB3C4 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko , "A L\u00F3gica Epist\u00EAmica \u00E9 uma l\u00F3gica complementar da L\u00F3gica Cl\u00E1ssica que trata do conhecimento. Enquanto a epistemologia tem uma longa tradi\u00E7\u00E3o filos\u00F3fica que remonta \u00E0 Gr\u00E9cia Antiga, a l\u00F3gica epist\u00EAmica \u00E9 um desenvolvimento mais recente, com aplica\u00E7\u00F5es em diversos campos, como a filosofia, ci\u00EAncia da computa\u00E7\u00E3o, intelig\u00EAncia artificial, economia e lingu\u00EDstica. Enquanto fil\u00F3sofos desde Arist\u00F3teles t\u00EAm discutido a l\u00F3gica modal e fil\u00F3sofos medievais tais como Guilherme de Ockham e Duns Scotus desenvolveram muitas observa\u00E7\u00F5es, foi Clarence Irving Lewis quem escreveu, em 1912, o primeiro tratado sistem\u00E1tico e simb\u00F3lico dessa l\u00F3gica. O desenvolvimento dessa l\u00F3gica continuou amadurecendo, alcan\u00E7ando sua forma moderna em 1963, a partir do trabalho de Kripke."@pt , "La l\u00F2gica epist\u00E8mica \u00E9s un camp de la l\u00F2gica modal que s'ocupa del raonament sobre el coneixement. Mentre que l'epistemologia t\u00E9 una llarga tradici\u00F3 filos\u00F2fica que s'origina en la Gr\u00E8cia Antiga, la l\u00F2gica epist\u00E8mica \u00E9s un desenvolupament molt m\u00E9s recent amb aplicacions en nombrosos camps, com ara filosofia, ci\u00E8ncia computacional te\u00F2rica, intel\u00B7lig\u00E8ncia artificial, economia i ling\u00FC\u00EDstica. Mentre que els fil\u00F2sofs a partir d'Arist\u00F2til han discutit la l\u00F2gica modal, i els fil\u00F2sofs medievals com Guillem d'Occam i Duns Escot van desenvolupar nombroses observacions, va ser Clarence Irving Lewis qui el 1912 va realitzar el primer tractament simb\u00F2lic i sistem\u00E0tic d'aquest tema. El tema va continuar madurant, arribant a la seva forma moderna a 1963 a partir del treball de Saul Kripke."@ca , "La logique \u00E9pist\u00E9mique est une logique modale qui permet de raisonner \u00E0 propos de la connaissance d'un ou plusieurs agents. Elle permet aussi de raisonner sur les connaissances des connaissances des autres agents, etc. Son nom est tir\u00E9 du nom grec epist\u1E17m\u0113 qui signifie \u00AB connaissance \u00BB (du verbe ep\u00EDstamai \u00AB savoir \u00BB), d'o\u00F9 vient aussi le mot \u00E9pist\u00E9mologie. L'application de la logique \u00E9pist\u00E9mique \u00E0 l'\u00E9conomie a \u00E9t\u00E9 promue par Robert Aumann, Prix Nobel d'\u00E9conomie 2005."@fr , "De epistemische logica is een vorm van modale logica waarin kennis kan worden gemodelleerd. De epistemische logica voegt aan de taal van de propositielogica een operator K toe die aangeeft dat een propositie \u03C6 kennis is (K\u03C6). In de meeste toepassingen wordt aan deze operator weer een subscript toegevoegd dat aangeeft welke actor de kennis \u03C6 bezit (Ka\u03C6). Daarmee is een multi-modale logica gevormd. Met behulp van deze operatoren kan ook gemeenschappelijke kennis geformaliseerd worden."@nl , "\u8A8D\u8B58\u8AD6\u7406\uFF08\u306B\u3093\u3057\u304D\u308D\u3093\u308A\u3001\u82F1: Epistemic logic\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u69D8\u76F8\u8AD6\u7406\u306E\u4E00\u7A2E\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u77E5\u8B58\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306E\u63A8\u8AD6\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002\u8A8D\u8B58\u8AD6\u306F\u53E4\u4EE3\u30AE\u30EA\u30B7\u30A2\u306B\u307E\u3067\u9061\u308B\u54F2\u5B66\u306E\u4E3B\u984C\u306E1\u3064\u3060\u304C\u3001\u8A8D\u8B58\u8AD6\u7406\u306F\u6BD4\u8F03\u7684\u6700\u8FD1\u306E\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3001\u54F2\u5B66\u3001\u7406\u8AD6\u8A08\u7B97\u6A5F\u79D1\u5B66\u3001\u4EBA\u5DE5\u77E5\u80FD\u3001\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u3001\u8A00\u8A9E\u5B66\u306A\u3069\u591A\u6570\u306E\u5206\u91CE\u306B\u5FDC\u7528\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u30A2\u30EA\u30B9\u30C8\u30C6\u30EC\u30B9\u4EE5\u6765\u3001\u54F2\u5B66\u8005\u306F\u69D8\u76F8\u8AD6\u7406\u3092\u8AD6\u3058\u3001\u30AA\u30C3\u30AB\u30E0\u3084\u30C9\u30A5\u30F3\u30B9\u30FB\u30B9\u30B3\u30C8\u30A5\u30B9\u304C\u305D\u308C\u3092\u767A\u5C55\u3055\u305B\u3066\u304D\u305F\u304C\u3001\u8A8D\u8B58\u8AD6\u7406\u3092\u521D\u3081\u3066\u4F53\u7CFB\u7684\u306B\u5B9A\u5F0F\u5316\u3057\u305F\u306E\u306F C.I. Lewis \u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\uFF081912\u5E74\uFF09\u3002\u305D\u306E\u5F8C\u767A\u5C55\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304D\u30011963\u5E74\u306B\u30BD\u30FC\u30EB\u30FB\u30AF\u30EA\u30D7\u30AD\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4ECA\u306E\u5F62\u5F0F\u304C\u5B8C\u6210\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002"@ja , "\u042D\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u043A\u0430 (\u043E\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE\u03BC\u03B7 \u2014 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435; \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439) \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u043A\u0438, \u0438\u043C\u0435\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043B\u043E \u0441 \u0432\u044B\u0441\u043A\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u043E \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F. \u041E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043F\u043E\u043D\u044F\u0442\u0438\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u00AB\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0435\u0442\u00BB, \u00AB\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u00BB. \u041E\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0430\u0441\u043F\u0435\u043A\u0442\u044B \u044D\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u043E\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0410\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C, \u043D\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u044B, \u0432 \u0442\u043E\u043C \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u041E\u043A\u043A\u0430\u043C \u0438 \u0414\u0443\u043D\u0441 \u0421\u043A\u043E\u0442\u0442. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0442\u0435\u043C\u044B \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0451\u043B \u0432 1912 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443, \u043E\u043D \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0432\u0451\u043B \u0441\u0438\u043C\u0432\u043E\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0443; \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0421\u043E\u043B \u041A\u0440\u0438\u043F\u043A\u0435 (1963), \u0413\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0433 \u0425\u0435\u043D\u0440\u0438\u043A \u0444\u043E\u043D \u0412\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0442, \u042F\u0430\u043A\u043A\u043E \u0425\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0438\u043A\u043A\u0430 (1962). \u041B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u043A\u0443 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043A \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u043A\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043B \u0420\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0410\u0443\u043C\u0430\u043D (\u041D\u043E\u0431\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0438\u044F \u043F\u043E \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u043A\u0435 2005 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430)."@ru , "La l\u00F3gica epist\u00E9mica es un campo de la l\u00F3gica modal que se ocupa del razonamiento sobre el conocimiento. Mientras que la epistemolog\u00EDa posee una larga tradici\u00F3n filos\u00F3fica que se origina en la Grecia Antigua, la l\u00F3gica epist\u00E9mica es un desarrollo mucho m\u00E1s reciente con aplicaciones en numerosos campos, tales como filosof\u00EDa, ciencia computacional te\u00F3rica, inteligencia artificial, econom\u00EDa y ling\u00FC\u00EDstica. Mientras que los fil\u00F3sofos a partir de Arist\u00F3teles han discutido la l\u00F3gica modal, y los fil\u00F3sofos medievales tales como Ockham y Duns Scotus desarrollaron numerosas observaciones, fue C.I. Lewis qui\u00E9n en 1912 realiz\u00F3 el primer tratamiento simb\u00F3lico y sistem\u00E1tico de este tema. El tema continu\u00F3 madurando, alcanzando su forma moderna en 1963 a partir del trabajo de Kripke."@es , "La epistema logiko estas kampo de la modala logiko, kiu temas pri la raciigo pri la sciaro. Dum la epistemologio posedas longan filozofian tradicion, kiu devenas el la Antikva Grekio, la epistema logiko estas disvolvigo multe pli \u0135usa kun aplika\u0135oj en nombraj kampoj, kiaj filozofio, teoria informadiko, artefarita intelekto, ekonomiko kaj lingvistiko. Dum la filozofoj el Aristotelo diskutis la modalan logikon, kaj la mezepokaj filozofoj kiaj Okhamo kaj Duns Skoto disvolvigis nombrajn observojn, estis Clarence Irving Lewis kiu en 1912 realigis la unuan simbolan kaj sisteman traktadon de tiu temo, kiu plue maturi\u011Dis, atingante sian modernan formon en 1963 el la verkaro de Saul Kripke."@eo . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix dbc: . dbr:Epistemic_modal_logic dcterms:subject dbc:Artificial_intelligence , dbc:Modal_logic , dbc:Formal_epistemology ; dbo:abstract "\u8A8D\u8B58\u8AD6\u7406\uFF08\u306B\u3093\u3057\u304D\u308D\u3093\u308A\u3001\u82F1: Epistemic logic\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u69D8\u76F8\u8AD6\u7406\u306E\u4E00\u7A2E\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u77E5\u8B58\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306E\u63A8\u8AD6\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3002\u8A8D\u8B58\u8AD6\u306F\u53E4\u4EE3\u30AE\u30EA\u30B7\u30A2\u306B\u307E\u3067\u9061\u308B\u54F2\u5B66\u306E\u4E3B\u984C\u306E1\u3064\u3060\u304C\u3001\u8A8D\u8B58\u8AD6\u7406\u306F\u6BD4\u8F03\u7684\u6700\u8FD1\u306E\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3001\u54F2\u5B66\u3001\u7406\u8AD6\u8A08\u7B97\u6A5F\u79D1\u5B66\u3001\u4EBA\u5DE5\u77E5\u80FD\u3001\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u3001\u8A00\u8A9E\u5B66\u306A\u3069\u591A\u6570\u306E\u5206\u91CE\u306B\u5FDC\u7528\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002\u30A2\u30EA\u30B9\u30C8\u30C6\u30EC\u30B9\u4EE5\u6765\u3001\u54F2\u5B66\u8005\u306F\u69D8\u76F8\u8AD6\u7406\u3092\u8AD6\u3058\u3001\u30AA\u30C3\u30AB\u30E0\u3084\u30C9\u30A5\u30F3\u30B9\u30FB\u30B9\u30B3\u30C8\u30A5\u30B9\u304C\u305D\u308C\u3092\u767A\u5C55\u3055\u305B\u3066\u304D\u305F\u304C\u3001\u8A8D\u8B58\u8AD6\u7406\u3092\u521D\u3081\u3066\u4F53\u7CFB\u7684\u306B\u5B9A\u5F0F\u5316\u3057\u305F\u306E\u306F C.I. Lewis \u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\uFF081912\u5E74\uFF09\u3002\u305D\u306E\u5F8C\u767A\u5C55\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304D\u30011963\u5E74\u306B\u30BD\u30FC\u30EB\u30FB\u30AF\u30EA\u30D7\u30AD\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4ECA\u306E\u5F62\u5F0F\u304C\u5B8C\u6210\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002 1950\u5E74\u4EE3\u306B\u306F\u77E5\u8B58\u3092\u6271\u3046\u8AD6\u7406\u4F53\u7CFB\u306B\u95A2\u3059\u308B\u8AD6\u6587\u304C\u591A\u6570\u66F8\u304B\u308C\u305F\u304C\u3001\u305D\u306E\u5143\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u306E\u306F1951\u5E74\u306B Georg Henrik von Wright \u304C\u66F8\u3044\u305F\u8AD6\u6587 An Essay in Modal Logic \u3067\u3042\u308B\u30021962\u5E74\u306B\u306F\u3001\u30E4\u30FC\u30C3\u30B3\u30FB\u30D2\u30F3\u30C6\u30A3\u30C3\u30AB\u306E Knowledge and Belief \u304C\u767A\u8868\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002\u3053\u308C\u306F\u3001\u77E5\u8B58\u306E\u610F\u5473\u8AD6\u3092\u69D8\u76F8\u6027\u3067\u6349\u3048\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793A\u5506\u3057\u305F\u6700\u521D\u306E\u66F8\u7C4D\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u3053\u308C\u306F\u305D\u308C\u307E\u3067\u306E\u5148\u4EBA\u306E\u7BC9\u3044\u305F\u3082\u306E\u306E\u4E0A\u306B\u6210\u308A\u7ACB\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305F\u304C\u3001\u7814\u7A76\u304C\u672C\u683C\u5316\u3057\u305F\u306E\u306F\u3053\u308C\u4EE5\u964D\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u3002\u4F8B\u3048\u3070\u305D\u306E\u5F8C\u3001\u8A8D\u8B58\u8AD6\u7406\u306B\u306E\u8003\u3048\u65B9\u3092\u5C0E\u5165\u3059\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3067\u516C\u958B\u7684\u544A\u77E5\u306E\u8AD6\u7406 (public announcement logic) \u3084 product update logic \u304C\u751F\u307E\u308C\u3001\u4F1A\u8A71\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u8A8D\u8B58\u306E\u5FAE\u5999\u306A\u70B9\u3092\u30E2\u30C7\u30EB\u5316\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u305F\u3002"@ja , "\u042D\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u043A\u0430 (\u043E\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0447. \u03B5\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE\u03BC\u03B7 \u2014 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435; \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439) \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u043C\u043E\u0434\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u043A\u0438, \u0438\u043C\u0435\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043B\u043E \u0441 \u0432\u044B\u0441\u043A\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u043E \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F. \u041E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043F\u043E\u043D\u044F\u0442\u0438\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u00AB\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0435\u0442\u00BB, \u00AB\u043F\u043E\u043B\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u00BB. \u041E\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0430\u0441\u043F\u0435\u043A\u0442\u044B \u044D\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u043E\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0410\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C, \u043D\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u043E\u0444\u044B, \u0432 \u0442\u043E\u043C \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0435 \u041E\u043A\u043A\u0430\u043C \u0438 \u0414\u0443\u043D\u0441 \u0421\u043A\u043E\u0442\u0442. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0442\u0435\u043C\u044B \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0451\u043B \u0432 1912 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0443, \u043E\u043D \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0432\u0451\u043B \u0441\u0438\u043C\u0432\u043E\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0443; \u0441\u043E\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0421\u043E\u043B \u041A\u0440\u0438\u043F\u043A\u0435 (1963), \u0413\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0433 \u0425\u0435\u043D\u0440\u0438\u043A \u0444\u043E\u043D \u0412\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0442, \u042F\u0430\u043A\u043A\u043E \u0425\u0438\u043D\u0442\u0438\u043A\u043A\u0430 (1962). \u041B\u043E\u0433\u0438\u043A\u0443 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043A \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u043A\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043B \u0420\u043E\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0410\u0443\u043C\u0430\u043D (\u041D\u043E\u0431\u0435\u043B\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0438\u044F \u043F\u043E \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u043A\u0435 2005 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430)."@ru , "De epistemische logica is een vorm van modale logica waarin kennis kan worden gemodelleerd. De epistemische logica voegt aan de taal van de propositielogica een operator K toe die aangeeft dat een propositie \u03C6 kennis is (K\u03C6). In de meeste toepassingen wordt aan deze operator weer een subscript toegevoegd dat aangeeft welke actor de kennis \u03C6 bezit (Ka\u03C6). Daarmee is een multi-modale logica gevormd. Met behulp van deze operatoren kan ook gemeenschappelijke kennis geformaliseerd worden. Voor de semantiek van de epistemische logica wordt gebruikgemaakt van kripkemodellen, waarin de 'werelden' mogelijke toestanden van de werkelijkheid voorstellen. De epistemische logica vindt toepassingen in de filosofie en de theoretische informatica. Door toevoeging van andere modaliteiten dan kennis kunnen complexe verschijnselen als communicatie (onder andere in computernetwerken) effectief worden gemodelleerd; er is dan sprake van dynamisch-epistemische logica (DEL). De toevoeging van kansrekening leidt tot de probabilistische dynamisch-epistemische logica (PDEL)."@nl , "A L\u00F3gica Epist\u00EAmica \u00E9 uma l\u00F3gica complementar da L\u00F3gica Cl\u00E1ssica que trata do conhecimento. Enquanto a epistemologia tem uma longa tradi\u00E7\u00E3o filos\u00F3fica que remonta \u00E0 Gr\u00E9cia Antiga, a l\u00F3gica epist\u00EAmica \u00E9 um desenvolvimento mais recente, com aplica\u00E7\u00F5es em diversos campos, como a filosofia, ci\u00EAncia da computa\u00E7\u00E3o, intelig\u00EAncia artificial, economia e lingu\u00EDstica. Enquanto fil\u00F3sofos desde Arist\u00F3teles t\u00EAm discutido a l\u00F3gica modal e fil\u00F3sofos medievais tais como Guilherme de Ockham e Duns Scotus desenvolveram muitas observa\u00E7\u00F5es, foi Clarence Irving Lewis quem escreveu, em 1912, o primeiro tratado sistem\u00E1tico e simb\u00F3lico dessa l\u00F3gica. O desenvolvimento dessa l\u00F3gica continuou amadurecendo, alcan\u00E7ando sua forma moderna em 1963, a partir do trabalho de Kripke. Durante a d\u00E9cada de 1950, publicaram-se numerosos trabalhos que mencionam uma l\u00F3gica epist\u00EAmica, por\u00E9m o ensaio An Essay in Modal Logic (em ingl\u00EAs: Um Ensaio sobre a L\u00F3gica Modal), de 1951, \u00E9 reconhecido como o primeiro documento a respeito do assunto. Em 1962, Jaakko Hintikka, escreveu Conhecimento e Cren\u00E7a, o primeiro livro em que se sugere o uso de modalidades para captar a sem\u00E2ntica do conhecimento em vez de adotar as premissas al\u00E9ticas com que tipicamente se desenvolve a l\u00F3gica modal. Embora esse trabalho tenha fixado as bases desta l\u00F3gica, desde ent\u00E3o muitas pesquisas e avan\u00E7os t\u00EAm sido realizadas. Por exemplo, a l\u00F3gica epist\u00EAmica foi recentemente combinada com algumas ideias da l\u00F3gica din\u00E2mica para criar uma e uma , que tentam modelar as sutilezas epist\u00EAmicas dos di\u00E1logos. Os trabalhos neste campo foram desenvolvidos por autores como Johan van Benthem, Baltag, Moss, Solecki, entre outros."@pt , "\u8BA4\u8BC6\u903B\u8F91\u662F\u5173\u5FC3\u4E0E\u77E5\u8BC6\u6709\u5173\u7684\u63A8\u7406\u7684\u6A21\u6001\u903B\u8F91\u5B50\u9886\u57DF\u3002(\u8BA4\u8BC6\u8FD9\u4E2A\u8BCD\u7684\u5E0C\u814A\u8BED\u662F Episteme)\u3002\u5B83\u5E94\u7528\u4E8E\u54F2\u5B66\u3001\u8BA1\u7B97\u673A\u79D1\u5B66\u3001\u4EBA\u5DE5\u667A\u80FD\u548C\u5176\u4ED6\u9886\u57DF\u3002 \u8BA4\u8BC6\u903B\u8F91\u7684\u57FA\u672C\u6A21\u6001\u7B97\u5B50\u901A\u5E38\u5199\u4E3A K\uFF0C\u5B83\u53EF\u4EE5\u8BFB\u505A\u201C\u6709\u4EBA\u77E5\u9053...\u201D\uFF0C\u201C...\u5728\u8BA4\u8BC6\u4E0A\u662F\u5FC5\u7136\u7684\u201D\uFF0C\u6216\u201C\u4E0D...\u4E0E\u5DF2\u77E5\u76F8\u77DB\u76FE\u201D\u3002\u5982\u679C\u6709\u591A\u4E8E\u4E00\u4E2A\u7684\u5176\u77E5\u8BC6\u8981\u88AB\u8868\u73B0\u7684\u4EE3\u7406\u8005(agent)\uFF0C\u53EF\u4EE5\u5411\u8FD9\u4E2A\u7B97\u5B50\u9644\u52A0\u4E0B\u6807(Ka, Kb, etc.)\u6765\u6307\u793A\u8C08\u8BBA\u7684\u662F\u54EA\u4E2A\u4EE3\u7406\u8005\u3002 \u8BA4\u8BC6\u903B\u8F91\u4E0E\u771F\u52BF\u6A21\u6001\u903B\u8F91\u5171\u4EAB\u67D0\u4E9B\u7279\u5F81\u3002\u4F8B\u5982\u6A21\u5F0F T\uFF0C , \u9648\u8FF0\u5FC5\u7136\u7684\u4E8B\u7269\u662F\u771F\u7684\uFF0C\u8FD9\u597D\u50CF\u662F\u6B63\u786E\u7684\u3002\u5B83\u7684\u8BA4\u8BC6\u7248\u672C\u662F , \u9648\u8FF0\u67D0\u77E5\u8BC6\u4E3A\u201C\u5DF2\u77E5\u201D\u662F\u771F\uFF0C\u8FD9\u597D\u50CF\u540C\u6837\u662F\u6B63\u786E\u7684\u3002\u5728\u53E6\u4E00\u65B9\u9762\uFF0C\u5F88\u591A\u5728\u771F\u52BF\u6A21\u6001\u903B\u8F91\u4E2D\u4F3C\u662F\u800C\u975E\u7684\u516C\u5F0F\u5728\u6309\u77E5\u8BC6\u6765\u89E3\u91CA\u7684\u65F6\u5019\u5C31\u66F4\u52A0\u53EF\u7591\u4E86\u3002\u4F8B\u5982\u6A21\u5F0F 4\uFF0C , \u5F53\u628A\u65B9\u6846\u89E3\u91CA\u4E3A\u201C...(\u5728\u5F62\u800C\u4E0A\u5B66\u4E0A)\u662F\u5FC5\u7136\u7684\u201D\u7684\u65F6\u5019\u597D\u50CF\u662F\u4F3C\u662F\u800C\u975E\u7684\u3002\u5B83\u7684\u77E5\u8BC6\u7248\u672C , \u9648\u8FF0\u5982\u679C\u4E00\u4E2A\u4EE3\u7406\u8005\u77E5\u9053\u67D0\u4E8B\uFF0C\u5219\u4ED6\u77E5\u9053\u4ED6\u77E5\u9053\u8FD9\u4E2A\u4E8B\u60C5\uFF0C\u8FD9\u4E0D\u662F\u4E2A\u5F88\u660E\u663E\u7684\u4E00\u4E2A\u539F\u7406\u3002 \u8BA4\u8BC6\u903B\u8F91\u7684\u65E9\u671F\u63D0\u8BAE\u8005\u5305\u62EC\u548C\u96C5\u5404\u00B7\u8F9B\u63D0\u5361\u3002"@zh , "La l\u00F2gica epist\u00E8mica \u00E9s un camp de la l\u00F2gica modal que s'ocupa del raonament sobre el coneixement. Mentre que l'epistemologia t\u00E9 una llarga tradici\u00F3 filos\u00F2fica que s'origina en la Gr\u00E8cia Antiga, la l\u00F2gica epist\u00E8mica \u00E9s un desenvolupament molt m\u00E9s recent amb aplicacions en nombrosos camps, com ara filosofia, ci\u00E8ncia computacional te\u00F2rica, intel\u00B7lig\u00E8ncia artificial, economia i ling\u00FC\u00EDstica. Mentre que els fil\u00F2sofs a partir d'Arist\u00F2til han discutit la l\u00F2gica modal, i els fil\u00F2sofs medievals com Guillem d'Occam i Duns Escot van desenvolupar nombroses observacions, va ser Clarence Irving Lewis qui el 1912 va realitzar el primer tractament simb\u00F2lic i sistem\u00E0tic d'aquest tema. El tema va continuar madurant, arribant a la seva forma moderna a 1963 a partir del treball de Saul Kripke. Durant la d\u00E8cada de 1950 es van publicar nombrosos treballs que feia esment en passar una l\u00F2gica del coneixement, per\u00F2 \u00E9s acabat el treball de titulat \u00ABAn Essay in Modal Logic\u00BB publicat a 1951 el qual \u00E9s reconegut com el document fundacional. No va ser fins a 1962 que Jaakko Hintikka, escriu \u00ABKnowledge and Belief\u00BB, el primer treball extens que suggereix utilitzar modalitats per capturar la sem\u00E0ntica del coneixement en comptes d'utilitzar les premisses aletes amb qu\u00E8 t\u00EDpicament es desenvolupa la l\u00F2gica modal. Si b\u00E9 aquest treball va establir les bases del tema, des de llavors s'han realitzat nombroses investigacions i aven\u00E7os. Per exemple, la l\u00F2gica epist\u00E8mica ha estat recentment combinada amb algunes idees preses de la per crear una i una , que intenten modelar les subtileses epist\u00E8miques de les converses. Els treballs fundacionals en aquest camp s\u00F3n els realitzats per , , i , , i ."@ca , "Epistemic modal logic is a subfield of modal logic that is concerned with reasoning about knowledge. While epistemology has a long philosophical tradition dating back to Ancient Greece, epistemic logic is a much more recent development with applications in many fields, including philosophy, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, economics and linguistics. While philosophers since Aristotle have discussed modal logic, and Medieval philosophers such as Avicenna, Ockham, and Duns Scotus developed many of their observations, it was C. I. Lewis who created the first symbolic and systematic approach to the topic, in 1912. It continued to mature as a field, reaching its modern form in 1963 with the work of Kripke."@en , "La epistema logiko estas kampo de la modala logiko, kiu temas pri la raciigo pri la sciaro. Dum la epistemologio posedas longan filozofian tradicion, kiu devenas el la Antikva Grekio, la epistema logiko estas disvolvigo multe pli \u0135usa kun aplika\u0135oj en nombraj kampoj, kiaj filozofio, teoria informadiko, artefarita intelekto, ekonomiko kaj lingvistiko. Dum la filozofoj el Aristotelo diskutis la modalan logikon, kaj la mezepokaj filozofoj kiaj Okhamo kaj Duns Skoto disvolvigis nombrajn observojn, estis Clarence Irving Lewis kiu en 1912 realigis la unuan simbolan kaj sisteman traktadon de tiu temo, kiu plue maturi\u011Dis, atingante sian modernan formon en 1963 el la verkaro de Saul Kripke. Dum la 1950-aj jaroj oni publikigis nombrajn verkojn, kiuj simple menciis logikon de la sciaro, sed pli \u0135usa estas la verko de la svedlinga finno Georg Henrik von Wright titolita Eseo pri modala logiko publikigita en 1951, kiu estas agnoskita kiel fonda dokumento. Nur en 1962 alia finno, nome Jaakko Hintikka, verkis Kono kaj kredo, nome la unua etenda verko, en kiu li sugestas uzi modalojn por kapti la semantikon de la sciaro anstata\u016D uzi la aletajn premisojn, per kiuj tipe oni disvolvigas la modalan logikon."@eo , "La l\u00F3gica epist\u00E9mica es un campo de la l\u00F3gica modal que se ocupa del razonamiento sobre el conocimiento. Mientras que la epistemolog\u00EDa posee una larga tradici\u00F3n filos\u00F3fica que se origina en la Grecia Antigua, la l\u00F3gica epist\u00E9mica es un desarrollo mucho m\u00E1s reciente con aplicaciones en numerosos campos, tales como filosof\u00EDa, ciencia computacional te\u00F3rica, inteligencia artificial, econom\u00EDa y ling\u00FC\u00EDstica. Mientras que los fil\u00F3sofos a partir de Arist\u00F3teles han discutido la l\u00F3gica modal, y los fil\u00F3sofos medievales tales como Ockham y Duns Scotus desarrollaron numerosas observaciones, fue C.I. Lewis qui\u00E9n en 1912 realiz\u00F3 el primer tratamiento simb\u00F3lico y sistem\u00E1tico de este tema. El tema continu\u00F3 madurando, alcanzando su forma moderna en 1963 a partir del trabajo de Kripke. Durante la d\u00E9cada de 1950 se publicaron numerosos trabajos que mencionaban al pasar una l\u00F3gica del conocimiento, pero es reci\u00E9n el trabajo de von Wright titulado An Essay in Modal Logic publicado en 1951 el que es reconocido como el documento fundacional. No fue sino hasta 1962 en que Hintikka, escribe Knowledge and Belief, el primer trabajo extenso en que sugiere utilizar modalidades para capturar la sem\u00E1ntica del conocimiento en vez de utilizar las premisas al\u00E9ticas con que t\u00EDpicamente se desarrolla la l\u00F3gica modal. Si bien este trabajo sent\u00F3 las bases del tema, desde entonces se han realizado numerosas investigaciones y avances. Por ejemplo, la l\u00F3gica epist\u00E9mica ha sido recientemente combinada con algunas ideas tomadas de la para crear una y una , que intentan modelar las sutilezas epist\u00E9micas de las conversaciones. Los trabajos fundacionales en este campo son los realizados por Plaza, , y Baltag, Moss, y Solecki."@es , "Die epistemische Logik (von griechisch \u1F10\u03C0\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE\u03BC\u03B7 \u201AWissenschaft, Wissen\u2018), auch Wissenslogik, befasst sich mit Glauben und Wissen bei Individuen sowie Gruppen. Ziel von Untersuchungen mittels epistemischer Logik ist oft ein dynamisches oder flexibles Modell von Meinungs- und Wissenszust\u00E4nden. Dieser Zweig der philosophischen Logik ist ein Teilbereich der Modallogik und f\u00E4llt im Bereich von Glauben und Meinungen (\u00DCberzeugungen) h\u00E4ufig mit der doxastischen Logik zusammen."@de , "La logique \u00E9pist\u00E9mique est une logique modale qui permet de raisonner \u00E0 propos de la connaissance d'un ou plusieurs agents. Elle permet aussi de raisonner sur les connaissances des connaissances des autres agents, etc. Son nom est tir\u00E9 du nom grec epist\u1E17m\u0113 qui signifie \u00AB connaissance \u00BB (du verbe ep\u00EDstamai \u00AB savoir \u00BB), d'o\u00F9 vient aussi le mot \u00E9pist\u00E9mologie. L'application de la logique \u00E9pist\u00E9mique \u00E0 l'\u00E9conomie a \u00E9t\u00E9 promue par Robert Aumann, Prix Nobel d'\u00E9conomie 2005."@fr , "\uC778\uC2DD \uB17C\uB9AC(\u8A8D\u8B58\u8AD6\u7406, epistemic logic)\uB294 \uC54E\uC758 \uAC1C\uB150\uC744 \uB098\uD0C0\uB0B4\uB294 \uC591\uC0C1 \uB17C\uB9AC \uCCB4\uACC4\uC758 \uC77C\uC885\uC774\uB2E4. \uBCF8\uB798 C. I. Lewis \uB4F1\uC774 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uD55C \uBC14 \uC788\uC73C\uBA70 \uC194 \uD06C\uB9BD\uD0A4\uC758 \uB4F1\uC7A5 \uC774\uD6C4 \uB17C\uB9AC\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uD615\uC2DD\uD654\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uCCA0\uD559\uC744 \uBE44\uB86F\uD558\uC5EC \uCEF4\uD4E8\uD130 \uACFC\uD559, \uACBD\uC81C\uD559, \uC5B8\uC5B4\uD559 \uB4F1 \uB2E4\uC591\uD55C \uBD84\uC57C\uC5D0\uC11C \uCCB4\uACC4\uD654\uC640 \uC5F0\uAD6C\uAC00 \uC9C4\uD589\uB418\uACE0 \uC788\uB2E4. \uB2E4\uB9CC \uC774\uAC83\uC774 \uC2E4\uC9C8\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC778\uC2DD\uB860\uC5D0 \uC801\uC6A9\uB420 \uC218 \uC788\uC744 \uAC83\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uB370\uC5D0\uB294 \uD68C\uC758\uB97C \uD45C\uD558\uB294 \uD559\uC790\uB4E4\uB3C4 \uC788\uB2E4."@ko ; dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:William_of_Ockham , dbr:Dynamic_epistemic_logic , dbr:Two-dimensionalism , dbr:Economics , dbr:Ancient_Greece , dbr:Modal_operator , dbr:Doxastic_logic , dbr:P_versus_NP_problem , dbr:Multimodal_logic , dbr:Logical_consequence , dbr:Theoretical_computer_science , dbr:Symmetric_relation , dbr:Saul_Kripke , dbr:Philosophical_logic , dbr:Timothy_Williamson , dbr:Logic_in_computer_science , dbr:Artificial_intelligence , dbr:Philosophical_Explanations , dbr:Binary_relation , dbr:Reflexive_relation , , dbr:Cambridge_University_Press , , dbr:Linguistics , dbr:Masked-man_fallacy , dbr:Blackwell_Publishing , dbr:Domain_of_discourse , dbr:Alethic_modality , dbr:Distributed_knowledge , , dbr:Cornell_University_Press , dbr:Mathematical_economics , dbr:Intension , dbr:Possible_world , dbr:Princeton_University_Press , dbr:Game_theory , dbc:Modal_logic , dbr:Identity_of_indiscernibles , dbr:Multi-agent_systems , dbc:Artificial_intelligence , , , dbr:Ubiquity_Press , , dbr:Medieval_Philosophy , dbr:Epistemic_closure , dbr:Euclidean_relation , dbr:MIT_Press , dbr:Epistemology , dbr:Knowledge_representation , dbr:Syllogism , dbr:Relational_semantics , dbc:Formal_epistemology , dbr:False_belief , , , , dbr:Philosophy , , dbr:Robert_Stalnaker , dbr:Modus_ponens , , dbr:Jaakko_Hintikka , dbr:Duns_Scotus , dbr:Georg_Henrik_von_Wright , dbr:Logical_equivalence , dbr:Premise , dbr:Knowledge , dbr:Transitive_relation , dbr:Set_theory , dbr:Conditional_proof , dbr:Equivalence_relation , dbr:University_of_Pittsburgh_Press , dbr:Avicenna , dbr:Richard_Montague , dbr:Rule_of_inference , dbr:Modal_logic , dbr:Kripke_semantics , dbr:Aristotle . @prefix dbp: . @prefix dbt: . dbr:Epistemic_modal_logic dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate dbt:Cite_IEP , dbt:Reflist , dbt:Authority_control , dbt:InPho , dbt:Cite_book , dbt:PhilPapers , dbt:Portal , dbt:Non-classical_logic , dbt:Typo_help_inline , dbt:Cite_SEP ; 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