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{ "type" : "literal", "value" : "Tillmakning" , "lang" : "sv" } ,
{ "type" : "literal", "value" : "Feuersetzen" , "lang" : "de" } ,
{ "type" : "literal", "value" : "D\u00E9pilage par le feu" , "lang" : "fr" } ,
{ "type" : "literal", "value" : "Miner\u00EDa por fuego" , "lang" : "es" } ,
{ "type" : "literal", "value" : "Fajrmetado" , "lang" : "eo" } ,
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"http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Das Feuersetzen ist vermutlich die \u00E4lteste Technik, die im Bergbau zum Abbau von sehr festem Gestein angewendet wurde. Die Technik wurde in vielen Bergbauregionen vom Altertum und bis Anfang des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts benutzt, um Gestein aufzulockern oder zu sprengen, damit das Mineral anschlie\u00DFend mittels Schl\u00E4gel und Eisen hereingewonnen werden konnte. Dabei wurde das Gestein mittels Feuer erhitzt und teilweise anschlie\u00DFend mit Fl\u00FCssigkeit abgek\u00FChlt." , "lang" : "de" } ,
{ "type" : "literal", "value" : "Le d\u00E9pilage au feu, d'abattage par le feu ou d'ouverture par le feu d\u00E9signe une technique mini\u00E8re primitive (pyrofracturation). Cette technique ancestrale est utilis\u00E9e d\u00E8s la Pr\u00E9histoire pour extraire des mat\u00E9riaux ou des minerais du sous-sol ou d'une paroi rocheuse." , "lang" : "fr" } ,
{ "type" : "literal", "value" : "Fire-setting is a method of traditional mining used most commonly from prehistoric times up to the Middle Ages. Fires were set against a rock face to heat the stone, which was then doused with liquid, causing the stone to fracture by thermal shock. Some experiments have suggested that the water (or any other liquid) did not have a noticeable effect on the rock, but rather helped the miners' progress by quickly cooling down the area after the fire. This technique was best performed in opencast mines where the smoke and fumes could dissipate safely. The technique was very dangerous in underground workings without adequate ventilation. The method became largely redundant with the growth in use of explosives." , "lang" : "en" } ,
{ "type" : "literal", "value" : "La miner\u00EDa por fuego es un m\u00E9todo de miner\u00EDa tradicional que se utiliz\u00F3 con frecuencia desde la \u00E9poca prehist\u00F3rica hasta la Edad Media. El m\u00E9todo consiste en prender fuego a una pila de madera contra una pared de roca para calentar la piedra, que luego se rociaba con l\u00EDquido, lo que provocaba que la piedra se fracturara por choque t\u00E9rmico. Algunos experimentos han sugerido que el agua (o cualquier otro l\u00EDquido) no tuvo un efecto notable en la roca, sino que ayudaba al trabajo de los mineros al enfriar r\u00E1pidamente el \u00E1rea despu\u00E9s de que se hubiera extinguido el fuego.\u200B\u200B Esta t\u00E9cnica se realiz\u00F3 mejor en minas a cielo abierto donde el humo y los vapores se pod\u00EDan disipar de forma segura. La t\u00E9cnica era muy peligrosa en trabajos subterr\u00E1neos sin ventilaci\u00F3n adecuada. El m\u00E9todo se volvi\u00F3 en gra" , "lang" : "es" } ,
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{ "type" : "literal", "value" : "Tillmakning, makning, elds\u00E4ttning eller br\u00E4nning \u00E4r den gamla malmbrytningsmetoden d\u00E4r man hettade upp berget med eld s\u00E5 att det bildades sprickor vilka underl\u00E4ttade brytning av berget med spett och andra verktyg. L\u00E4ttbrutet berg kunde visserligen ibland brytas direkt med s\u00E5 kallad , men annars m\u00E5ste berget p\u00E5verkas av v\u00E4rme fr\u00E5n tillmakningseldar innan brytning var m\u00F6jlig. Tillmakningsmetoden ger ortens eller bergrummets v\u00E4ggar och tak en karakteristisk mjukt v\u00E4lvd form. Tillmakning \u00E4r den vanligaste ben\u00E4mningen p\u00E5 denna brytningsteknik, men de andra termerna ovan har ocks\u00E5 anv\u00E4nts. Metoden var l\u00E4nge den f\u00F6rh\u00E4rskande gruvbrytningstekniken. Fr\u00E5n slutet av 1600-talet b\u00F6rjade krutet komma till anv\u00E4ndning, men dess introduktion gick inte s\u00E5 fort och tillmakning utfasades inte helt som brytmet" , "lang" : "sv" } ,
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{ "type" : "literal", "value" : "Le d\u00E9pilage au feu, d'abattage par le feu ou d'ouverture par le feu d\u00E9signe une technique mini\u00E8re primitive (pyrofracturation). Cette technique ancestrale est utilis\u00E9e d\u00E8s la Pr\u00E9histoire pour extraire des mat\u00E9riaux ou des minerais du sous-sol ou d'une paroi rocheuse." , "lang" : "fr" } ,
{ "type" : "literal", "value" : "La miner\u00EDa por fuego es un m\u00E9todo de miner\u00EDa tradicional que se utiliz\u00F3 con frecuencia desde la \u00E9poca prehist\u00F3rica hasta la Edad Media. El m\u00E9todo consiste en prender fuego a una pila de madera contra una pared de roca para calentar la piedra, que luego se rociaba con l\u00EDquido, lo que provocaba que la piedra se fracturara por choque t\u00E9rmico. Algunos experimentos han sugerido que el agua (o cualquier otro l\u00EDquido) no tuvo un efecto notable en la roca, sino que ayudaba al trabajo de los mineros al enfriar r\u00E1pidamente el \u00E1rea despu\u00E9s de que se hubiera extinguido el fuego.\u200B\u200B Esta t\u00E9cnica se realiz\u00F3 mejor en minas a cielo abierto donde el humo y los vapores se pod\u00EDan disipar de forma segura. La t\u00E9cnica era muy peligrosa en trabajos subterr\u00E1neos sin ventilaci\u00F3n adecuada. El m\u00E9todo se volvi\u00F3 en gran parte obsoleto con el aumento del uso de explosivos. Aunque la miner\u00EDa por fuego se utiliz\u00F3 con frecuencia antes de los tiempos modernos, se ha utilizado espor\u00E1dicamente desde entonces. En algunas regiones del mundo, en particular \u00C1frica y Eurasia, la miner\u00EDa por fuego continu\u00F3 utiliz\u00E1ndose hasta los siglos XIX y XX.\u200B\u200B Se usaba donde la roca era demasiado dura para perforar agujeros con barrenadores de acero para voladuras o cuando era econ\u00F3mico debido al bajo costo de la madera.\u200B" , "lang" : "es" } ,
{ "type" : "literal", "value" : "Fajrmetado a\u016D mineja fajrmetado estas metodo de tradicia minado uzita plej ofte el prahistoriaj epokoj \u011Dis la Mezepoko. Oni metis fajron kontra\u016D roko por varmigi roka\u0135ojn, kiuj estis poste trempitaj per likvoj, ka\u016Dzante ke la \u015Dtono rompi\u011Du pro temperatura frapo. Kelkaj eksperimentoj sugestis ke la akvo (a\u016D ajn alia likvo) ne havis notindan efikon \u0109e la roko, sed helpis la progreson de la ministoj per rapida malvarmigado de la areo post la fajro. Tiu tekniko estis plej bone plenumita en sub\u0109ielaj minejoj kie la fumo povus foriri rapide kaj sekure. La tekniko estis tre dan\u011Dera en subtera minado sed ta\u016Dga aerumado. La metodo koincidis kun la kresko de la uzado de eksploda\u0135oj. Kvankam fajrmetado estis ofte uzita anta\u016D la modernaj tempoj, \u011Di estis uzita sporade ekde tiam. En kelkaj mondoregionoj, \u0109efe en Afriko kaj E\u016Drazio, fajrmetado plu estis uzita \u011Dis la 19a kaj 20a jarcentoj. \u011Ci estis uzita kie la roko estis tro forta kaj malfacilis fari truojn per \u015Dtalaj boriloj a\u016D kiam \u011Di estis sufi\u0109e malkosta pro malmultekosteco de ligno." , "lang" : "eo" } ,
{ "type" : "literal", "value" : "Tillmakning, makning, elds\u00E4ttning eller br\u00E4nning \u00E4r den gamla malmbrytningsmetoden d\u00E4r man hettade upp berget med eld s\u00E5 att det bildades sprickor vilka underl\u00E4ttade brytning av berget med spett och andra verktyg. L\u00E4ttbrutet berg kunde visserligen ibland brytas direkt med s\u00E5 kallad , men annars m\u00E5ste berget p\u00E5verkas av v\u00E4rme fr\u00E5n tillmakningseldar innan brytning var m\u00F6jlig. Tillmakningsmetoden ger ortens eller bergrummets v\u00E4ggar och tak en karakteristisk mjukt v\u00E4lvd form. Tillmakning \u00E4r den vanligaste ben\u00E4mningen p\u00E5 denna brytningsteknik, men de andra termerna ovan har ocks\u00E5 anv\u00E4nts. Metoden var l\u00E4nge den f\u00F6rh\u00E4rskande gruvbrytningstekniken. Fr\u00E5n slutet av 1600-talet b\u00F6rjade krutet komma till anv\u00E4ndning, men dess introduktion gick inte s\u00E5 fort och tillmakning utfasades inte helt som brytmetod f\u00F6rr\u00E4n under andra h\u00E4lften av 1800-talet d\u00E5 nyare, modernare spr\u00E4ngmedel hade tagit \u00F6ver. Det st\u00F6rsta gruvh\u00E5let i Sverige skapat med tillmakningsmetoden finns i Dannemora gruva, utanf\u00F6r \u00D6sterbybruk i Norduppland[k\u00E4lla beh\u00F6vs]." , "lang" : "sv" } ,
{ "type" : "literal", "value" : "Das Feuersetzen ist vermutlich die \u00E4lteste Technik, die im Bergbau zum Abbau von sehr festem Gestein angewendet wurde. Die Technik wurde in vielen Bergbauregionen vom Altertum und bis Anfang des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts benutzt, um Gestein aufzulockern oder zu sprengen, damit das Mineral anschlie\u00DFend mittels Schl\u00E4gel und Eisen hereingewonnen werden konnte. Dabei wurde das Gestein mittels Feuer erhitzt und teilweise anschlie\u00DFend mit Fl\u00FCssigkeit abgek\u00FChlt." , "lang" : "de" } ,
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