. . . . . . . . . "\u0421\u043F\u0438\u0441\u043E\u043A \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0456\u0432, \u0449\u043E \u0432\u0445\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0442\u044C \u0434\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0421\u043E\u0441\u043D\u0430 \n* \u0417\u0430 \u0430\u043B\u0444\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u044F\u0434\u043A\u0443 \u043B\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u044E \u043C\u043E\u0432\u043E\u044E. \n* \u0426\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043F\u0438\u0441\u043E\u043A \u0454 \u0441\u043F\u0438\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0435\u043D, \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u041F\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0410\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0438, \u041F\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0410\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430, \u0404\u0432\u0440\u043E\u043F\u0438, \u0410\u0437\u0456\u0457, \u0437\u0433\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E \u0437 \u041C\u0421\u041E\u041F. \u0423 \u0441\u043F\u0438\u0441\u043E\u043A \u043D\u0435 \u0432\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u0437\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438. \u041D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u043D\u0456 \u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0456\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043E\u0445\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0443 \u043A\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u043E\u0446\u0456\u043D\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u041C\u0421\u041E\u041F:"@uk . . . . "1121922426"^^ . . "Pinus, the pines, is a genus of approximately 111 extant tree and shrub species. The genus is currently split into two subgenera: subgenus Pinus (hard pines), and subgenus Strobus (soft pines). Each of the subgenera have been further divided into sections based on chloroplast DNA sequencing and whole plastid genomic analysis. Older classifications split the genus into three subgenera \u2013 subgenus Pinus, subgenus Strobus, and subgenus Ducampopinus (pinyon, bristlecone and lacebark pines) \u2013 based on cone, seed and leaf characteristics. DNA phylogeny has shown that species formerly in subgenus Ducampopinus are members of subgenus Strobus, so Ducampopinus is no longer used."@en . "Hay tres subg\u00E9neros de Pinus, subgro. Strobus (pino blanco), subgro. Ducampopinus (pi\u00F1\u00F3n, y pinos Lacebark, y subgro. Pinus (pino t\u00EDpico, o pino amarillo). Esta clasificaci\u00F3n en tres subg\u00E9neros se basa en los conos, semillas y caracteres de las hojas:"@es . . "\u0421\u043F\u0438\u0441\u043E\u043A \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0456\u0432, \u0449\u043E \u0432\u0445\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0442\u044C \u0434\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0421\u043E\u0441\u043D\u0430 \n* \u0417\u0430 \u0430\u043B\u0444\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u044F\u0434\u043A\u0443 \u043B\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u044E \u043C\u043E\u0432\u043E\u044E. \n* \u0426\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043F\u0438\u0441\u043E\u043A \u0454 \u0441\u043F\u0438\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0435\u043D, \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043D\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u041F\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0410\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0438, \u041F\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0410\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430, \u0404\u0432\u0440\u043E\u043F\u0438, \u0410\u0437\u0456\u0457, \u0437\u0433\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E \u0437 \u041C\u0421\u041E\u041F. \u0423 \u0441\u043F\u0438\u0441\u043E\u043A \u043D\u0435 \u0432\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u0437\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043B\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438. \u041D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u043D\u0456 \u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0432\u0443\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0456\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043E\u0445\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0443 \u043A\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u043E\u0446\u0456\u043D\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u041C\u0421\u041E\u041F:"@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Taxinomie du genre Pinus"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "448990"^^ . . . . "Systematyka sosny"@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u062D\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062A\u0635\u0646\u064A\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062A\u060C \u064A\u062A\u0628\u0639 \u062C\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u0629 \u062C\u064F\u0646\u064E\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0646 (\u062C\u0645\u0639 \u062C\u064F\u0646\u064A\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u062A\u062D\u062A \u062C\u0646\u0633) \u0647\u064A: \n* \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064A\u0636 \u0623\u0648 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062A\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629: Strobus) \n* \u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u062F\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0648 \u0623\u0648 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062A\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629: Ducampopinus) \n* \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0642\u064A\u0642\u064A \u0623\u0648 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062A\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629: Pinus) \u064A\u0639\u062F \u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u062F\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0648 \u0641\u064A \u0643\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0633\u064A\u0637\u0627\u064B \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0646\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062E\u0631\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064A\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062D\u062F \u0647\u0630\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0635\u0646\u064A\u0641\u064A\u0646."@ar . "Elenco delle specie del genere Pinus Pino dalla corteccia bianca(Pinus albicaulis)Pino dai coni setolosi delle montagne Rocciose(Pinus aristata)Pino coda di volpe(Pinus balfouriana)Pino calabrese(Pinus brutia)Pino cembro(Pinus cembra)Pino contorto(Pinus contorta)Pino loricato(Pinus heldreichii)Pino mugo(Pinus mugo)Pino rigido del Massachusetts(Pinus rigida)Pino bianco canadese(Pinus strobus)Pino silvestre(Pinus sylvestris)"@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "23312"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La taxinomie du genre Pinus se base sur des caract\u00E9ristiques morphologiques et anatomiques vari\u00E9es telles que le nombre d'aiguilles par fascicule ou encore les caract\u00E9ristiques des c\u00F4nes et des graines, ainsi que sur des analyses ADN.De tr\u00E8s nombreuses classifications ont \u00E9t\u00E9 propos\u00E9es depuis Linn\u00E9 et elles sont encore en cours de discussion actuellement. Par cons\u00E9quent la classification pr\u00E9sent\u00E9e ici est indicative et susceptible de changer. Cependant, un certain nombre de regroupements sont g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement reconnus."@fr . . . . . . . "La taxinomie du genre Pinus se base sur des caract\u00E9ristiques morphologiques et anatomiques vari\u00E9es telles que le nombre d'aiguilles par fascicule ou encore les caract\u00E9ristiques des c\u00F4nes et des graines, ainsi que sur des analyses ADN.De tr\u00E8s nombreuses classifications ont \u00E9t\u00E9 propos\u00E9es depuis Linn\u00E9 et elles sont encore en cours de discussion actuellement. Par cons\u00E9quent la classification pr\u00E9sent\u00E9e ici est indicative et susceptible de changer. Cependant, un certain nombre de regroupements sont g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement reconnus."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Systematyka sosny (Pinus L. 1753) \u2013 w zale\u017Cno\u015Bci od uj\u0119cia systematycznego rodzaj Pinus dzielony jest na 2 lub 3 podrodzaje. Dwa z nich: Pinus i Strobus, s\u0105 powszechnie akceptowane. Trzeci Ducampopinus jest wydzielany z podrodzaju Strobus. Podrodzaje r\u00F3\u017Cni\u0105 si\u0119 wewn\u0119trzn\u0105 budow\u0105 igie\u0142 (1 lub 2 wi\u0105zki przewodz\u0105ce) oraz nasadami li\u015Bci pierwotnych zbiegaj\u0105cymi si\u0119 lub niezbiegaj\u0105cymi po p\u0119dzie (ga\u0142\u0105zki mog\u0105 by\u0107 bruzdkowane lub g\u0142adkie)."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0421\u043F\u0438\u0441\u043E\u043A \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u0440\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043E\u0441\u043D\u0430"@uk . . . . "Elenco delle specie del genere Pinus Pino dalla corteccia bianca(Pinus albicaulis)Pino dai coni setolosi delle montagne Rocciose(Pinus aristata)Pino coda di volpe(Pinus balfouriana)Pino calabrese(Pinus brutia)Pino cembro(Pinus cembra)Pino contorto(Pinus contorta)Pino loricato(Pinus heldreichii)Pino mugo(Pinus mugo)Pino rigido del Massachusetts(Pinus rigida)Pino bianco canadese(Pinus strobus)Pino silvestre(Pinus sylvestris)"@it . . . . . . . . . "Specie di Pinus"@it . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0412\u0438\u0434\u044B \u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0421\u043E\u0441\u043D\u0430"@ru . . . . . "\u062D\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062A\u0635\u0646\u064A\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062A\u060C \u064A\u062A\u0628\u0639 \u062C\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u062B\u0644\u0627\u062B\u0629 \u062C\u064F\u0646\u064E\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0646 (\u062C\u0645\u0639 \u062C\u064F\u0646\u064A\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u062A\u062D\u062A \u062C\u0646\u0633) \u0647\u064A: \n* \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064A\u0636 \u0623\u0648 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062A\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629: Strobus) \n* \u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u062F\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0648 \u0623\u0648 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062A\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629: Ducampopinus) \n* \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0642\u064A\u0642\u064A \u0623\u0648 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062A\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629: Pinus) \u064A\u0639\u062F \u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u062F\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0648 \u0641\u064A \u0643\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0648\u0633\u064A\u0637\u0627\u064B \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0646\u064A\u0633\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062E\u0631\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064A\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062D\u062F \u0647\u0630\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0635\u0646\u064A\u0641\u064A\u0646."@ar . . "Clasificaci\u00F3n de Pinus"@es . . . . . "Hay tres subg\u00E9neros de Pinus, subgro. Strobus (pino blanco), subgro. Ducampopinus (pi\u00F1\u00F3n, y pinos Lacebark, y subgro. Pinus (pino t\u00EDpico, o pino amarillo). Esta clasificaci\u00F3n en tres subg\u00E9neros se basa en los conos, semillas y caracteres de las hojas: \n* Subgro. Strobus escamas sin banda sellante. Terminal Umbo. Alas seminales adnates. Un haz fibrovascular por hoja. \n* Subgro. Ducampopinus escamas sin banda sellante. Dorsal Umbo. Alas seminales articuladas. Un haz fibrovascular por hoja. \n* Subgro. Pinus escamas sin banda sellante. Dorsal Umbo. Alas seminales articuladas. Dos haces fibrovasculares por hoja. Note que en muchos respectos, el subg\u00E9nero Ducampopinus es intermedio entre (y posiblemente ancestro de) los otros dos subg\u00E9neros. En muchas clasificaciones, se combinaban en el subgro. Strobus, pero podr\u00EDa estar con igual justificaci\u00F3n en el subgro. Pinus (como pas\u00F3 en la temprana clasificaci\u00F3n del bot\u00E1nico californiano J G Lemmon en 1888). En general, los conos y sus escamas, morfolog\u00EDa seminal, est\u00EDpulas, morfolog\u00EDa de vainas, enfatizaban que se finalizaba en una clasificaci\u00F3n que hac\u00EDa subsecciones de pinos que eran inestables, y al final se reconoc\u00EDan r\u00E1pidamente por su apariencia general. Los pinos con un haz fibrovascular por hoja, i.e. subg\u00E9nero Strobus y Ducampopinus, son conocidos como pinos haploxilon, mientras que los pinos con dos haces fibrovasculares por hoja, i.e. subgro. Pinus, se llaman pinos diploxilon,que tienden a tener madera m\u00E1sdura y m\u00E1s cantidad de resina que los haploxilones."@es . . . . . . . . . . "Systematyka sosny (Pinus L. 1753) \u2013 w zale\u017Cno\u015Bci od uj\u0119cia systematycznego rodzaj Pinus dzielony jest na 2 lub 3 podrodzaje. Dwa z nich: Pinus i Strobus, s\u0105 powszechnie akceptowane. Trzeci Ducampopinus jest wydzielany z podrodzaju Strobus. Podrodzaje r\u00F3\u017Cni\u0105 si\u0119 wewn\u0119trzn\u0105 budow\u0105 igie\u0142 (1 lub 2 wi\u0105zki przewodz\u0105ce) oraz nasadami li\u015Bci pierwotnych zbiegaj\u0105cymi si\u0119 lub niezbiegaj\u0105cymi po p\u0119dzie (ga\u0142\u0105zki mog\u0105 by\u0107 bruzdkowane lub g\u0142adkie). Wed\u0142ug The Compleat Botanica bazuj\u0105cej na systemie Reveala rodzaj sosna (Pinus L.) nale\u017Cy do gromady nagonasienne (Pinophyta Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. ex Reveal), podgromady nagonasienne drobnolistne (Pinophytina Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. ex Reveal), klasy iglaste (Pinopsida Burnett), podklasy Pinidae Cronquist Takht. & Zimmerm., rz\u0119du sosnowce (Pinales Dumort.), podrz\u0119du Pinineae Vines, rodziny sosnowate (Pinaceae Lindl.), podrodziny Pinoideae Link. 1831. Wed\u0142ug nowszych opracowa\u0144 APW i Farjona rodzaj sosna (Pinus L.) nale\u017Cy do kladu ro\u015Blin naczyniowych (Tracheophyta), kladu ro\u015Blin nasiennych (Spermatophyta), nagonasiennych, rz\u0119du sosnowc\u00F3w (Pinales), rodziny sosnowatych (Pinaceae), podrodziny sosnowych (Pinoideae Pilg.)."@pl . . . . . . . "\u062A\u0635\u0646\u064A\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631"@ar . . "Pinus, the pines, is a genus of approximately 111 extant tree and shrub species. The genus is currently split into two subgenera: subgenus Pinus (hard pines), and subgenus Strobus (soft pines). Each of the subgenera have been further divided into sections based on chloroplast DNA sequencing and whole plastid genomic analysis. Older classifications split the genus into three subgenera \u2013 subgenus Pinus, subgenus Strobus, and subgenus Ducampopinus (pinyon, bristlecone and lacebark pines) \u2013 based on cone, seed and leaf characteristics. DNA phylogeny has shown that species formerly in subgenus Ducampopinus are members of subgenus Strobus, so Ducampopinus is no longer used. The species of subgenus Ducampopinus were regarded as intermediate between the other two subgenera. In the modern classification, they are placed into subgenus Strobus, yet they did not fit entirely well in either so they were classified in a third subgenus. In 1888 the Californian botanist John Gill Lemmon placed them in subgenus Pinus. In general, this classification emphasized cone, cone scale, seed, and leaf fascicle and sheath morphology, and species in each subsection were usually recognizable by their general appearance. Pines with one fibrovascular bundle per leaf, (the former subgenera Strobus and Ducampopinus) were known as haploxylon pines, while pines with two fibrovascular bundles per leaf, (subgenus Pinus) were called diploxylon pines. Diploxylon pines tend to have harder timber and a larger amount of resin than the haploxylon pines. The current division into two subgenera (Pinus and Strobus) is supported with rigorous genetic evidence. Several features are used to distinguish the subgenera, sections, and subsections of pines: the number of leaves (needles) per fascicle, whether the fascicle sheaths are deciduous or persistent, the number of fibrovascular bundles per needle (2 in Pinus or 1 in Strobus), the position of the resin ducts in the needles (internal or external), the presence or shape of the seed wings (absent, rudimentary, articulate, and adnate), and the position of the umbo (dorsal or terminal) and presence of a prickle on the scales of the seed cones. Both subgenera are thought to have a very ancient divergence from one another, having diverged during the late Jurassic."@en . . . "List of Pinus species"@en . .

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