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      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Open science (open wetenschap) is een beweging die streeft naar het opener maken van wetenschappelijk onderzoek. Open science kan van toepassing zijn op alle wetenschappen, dus naast natuurwetenschappen ook medische wetenschappen, sociale wetenschappen en geesteswetenschappen." , "lang" : "nl" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Otwarta nauka \u2013 dowolne pobieranie, przetwarzanie i kolporta\u017C tre\u015Bci naukowych dla mo\u017Cliwie jak najwi\u0119kszej liczby odbiorc\u00F3w przy wykorzystaniu wszystkich mo\u017Cliwych \u015Brodk\u00F3w przekazu. opisa\u0142 otwart\u0105 nauk\u0119 jako \u201Eide\u0119, kt\u00F3ra zak\u0142ada, \u017Ce wszelkiego rodzaju wiedza naukowa powinna by\u0107 otwarcie rozpowszechniana tak wcze\u015Bnie, jak jest to praktyczne w procesie odkrywania\u201D. Otwarta nauka opiera si\u0119 na 6 zasadach. S\u0105 to:" , "lang" : "pl" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Ci\u00E8ncia oberta \u00E9s el paraig\u00FCes del moviment per fer la recerca cient\u00EDfica, les seves dades i la seva disseminaci\u00F3 accessibles a tots els nivells d'una societat del coneixement, a un nivell aficionat o professional. \u00C9s una manera de concebre la investigaci\u00F3 cient\u00EDfica basada en el treball col\u00B7laboratiu, en l'obertura i transpar\u00E8ncia de totes les fases de la investigaci\u00F3 (recollida de dades, revisi\u00F3 per experts, difusi\u00F3, avaluaci\u00F3, etc.) i tamb\u00E9 en l'aproximaci\u00F3 de la ci\u00E8ncia a la societat. La ci\u00E8ncia oberta suposa una transformaci\u00F3 radical sobre com dur a terme la investigaci\u00F3 cient\u00EDfica i sobre com transformar el seu sistema d'avaluaci\u00F3, en s\u00EDntesi, un complet canvi de paradigma respecte el sistema actual." , "lang" : "ca" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Open Science \u00E8 l'espressione con cui si indica il movimento culturale teso a rendere aperto ogni passo della ricerca scientifica. Per Open Science si intende anche la diffusione dei dati raccolti e dei risultati delle ricerche scientifiche in modo che siano accessibili a ogni livello di studio, dai semplici cittadini o scienziati amatoriali fino ai professionisti del settore. Il progetto europeo Facilitate Open Science Training for European Research (FOSTER) ha proposto una tassonomia molto articolata per mappare i campi della Open Science e dar conto della sua complessit\u00E0." , "lang" : "it" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u958B\u653E\u79D1\u5B78\uFF08Open Science\uFF09\u662F\u8B93\u5404\u793E\u6703\u968E\u5C64\u7684\u4EBA\uFF0C\u4E0D\u5206\u5C08\u696D\u6216\u662F\u696D\u9918\uFF0C\u90FD\u53EF\u4EE5\u63A5\u89F8\u79D1\u5B78\u7814\u7A76\u3001\u8CC7\u6599\u4EE5\u53CA\u76F8\u95DC\u50B3\u64AD\u8A2A\u554F\u7684\u904B\u52D5\u3002\u958B\u653E\u79D1\u5B78\u7684\u4F5C\u6CD5\u5305\u62EC\u51FA\u7248\uFF0C\u81F4\u529B\u5F00\u653E\u83B7\u53D6\uFF0C\u9F13\u52F5\u79D1\u5B78\u5BB6\u9032\u884C\uFF0C\u8B93\u79D1\u5B78\u77E5\u8B58\u7684\u51FA\u7248\u53CA\u50B3\u64AD\u8D8A\u4F86\u8D8A\u5BB9\u6613\u3002\u4FC3\u9032\u958B\u653E\u79D1\u5B78\u8A13\u7DF4\u7684\u6B50\u6D32\u7814\u7A76\uFF08Facilitate Open Science Training for European Research, FOSTER\uFF09\u662F\u6B50\u76DF\u8CC7\u52A9\u7684\u8A08\u5283\uFF0C\u5DF2\u7D93\u767C\u5C55\u4E86\u958B\u653E\u79D1\u5B78\u7684\u8CC7\u6599\u5206\u985E\u6CD5\uFF0C\u8A2D\u6CD5\u8981\u5C0D\u61C9\u958B\u653E\u79D1\u5B78\u7684\u76F8\u95DC\u9818\u57DF\u3002 \u572817\u4E16\u7D00\u6642\u6709\u5B66\u672F\u671F\u520A\u7684\u51FA\u73FE\uFF0C\u800C\u793E\u6703\u4E0A\u5E0C\u671B\u7372\u5F97\u77E5\u8B58\u7684\u9700\u6C42\u5F37\u70C8\u5230\u4E00\u500B\u7A0B\u5EA6\uFF0C\u79D1\u5B78\u5BB6\u5011\u9700\u8981\u7D44\u6210\u7FA4\u9AD4\u4EE5\u5206\u4EAB\u5176\u8CC7\u6E90 \uFF0C\u5728\u5F7C\u6B64\u5206\u4EAB\u7684\u540C\u6642\u4E5F\u53EF\u4EE5\u5171\u540C\u9032\u884C\u7814\u7A76\uFF0C\u90A3\u6642\u958B\u653E\u79D1\u5B78\u5C31\u958B\u59CB\u4E86\u3002\u5728\u73FE\u4EE3\u5247\u51FA\u73FE\u4E86\u54EA\u4E9B\u79D1\u5B78\u8CC7\u6599\u53EF\u4EE5\u5206\u4EAB\u7684\u722D\u8B70\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u7684\u885D\u7A81\u9EDE\u662F\u5728\u6709\u4E9B\u79D1\u5B78\u5BB6\u5E0C\u671B\u53EF\u4EE5\u7372\u53D6\u5F7C\u6B64\u5171\u4EAB\u7684\u8CC7\u6E90\uFF0C\u800C\u6709\u4E9B\u79D1\u5B78\u5BB6\u5E0C\u671B\u5225\u4EBA\u5206\u4EAB\u5176\u8CC7\u6E90\u53CA\u7814\u7A76\u6210\u679C\u6642\uFF0C\u81EA\u5DF1\u4E5F\u53EF\u4EE5\u5F97\u5230\u4E00\u4E9B\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5831\u916C\u3002\u6B64\u5916\uFF0C\u6B63\u5982OpenScience\u535A\u5BA2\u6307\u51FA\u7684\u90A3\u6A23\uFF0C\u5728\u4E00\u500B\u5B78\u8853\u7814\u7A76\u9818\u57DF\u53EF\u4F9B\u5176\u63A8\u5EE3\u7684\u958B\u653E\u7372\u53D6\u548C\u8CC7\u6E90\u72C0\u614B\u53EF\u80FD\u6703\u4E0D\u540C\u65BC\u53E6\u4E00\u500B\u9818\u57DF\u7684\u3002" , "lang" : "zh" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Otev\u0159en\u00E1 v\u011Bda je hnut\u00ED za tzv. otev\u0159en\u00FD p\u0159\u00EDstup (Open Access) k v\u011Bdeck\u00E9mu pozn\u00E1n\u00ED. To znamen\u00E1, aby byly v\u011Bdeck\u00E9 poznatky v elektronick\u00E9 podob\u011B dostupn\u00E9 \u0161irok\u00E9 ve\u0159ejnosti. Otev\u0159en\u00E1 v\u011Bda je zast\u0159e\u0161uj\u00EDc\u00EDm pojmem pro mnoho p\u0159\u00EDstup\u016F a c\u00EDl\u016F. Mezi hlavn\u00ED ambice pat\u0159\u00ED dos\u00E1hnout kvalitn\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDho v\u00FDzkumu pomoc\u00ED u\u017E\u0161\u00ED spolupr\u00E1ce a komunikace mezi v\u011Bdci a vz\u00E1jemn\u00E9ho sd\u00EDlen\u00ED a hodnocen\u00ED dat a v\u00FDsledk\u016F v\u00FDzkumu, tj. \u017Ee v\u011Bdci mohou \u010Derpat z poznatk\u016F z ji\u017E proveden\u00FDch v\u00FDzkum\u016F, \u010D\u00EDm\u017E je cel\u00FD proces snadn\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED a rychlej\u0161\u00ED. Dal\u0161\u00EDm c\u00EDlem je zp\u0159\u00EDstupnit v\u011Bdeck\u00E9 poznatky a data i laick\u00E9mu publiku a zapojit ve\u0159ejnost do procesu v\u00FDzkumu." , "lang" : "cs" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u0641\u062A\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: open science)\u200F \u0648(\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064A\u0629: science ouverte)\u200F \u0647\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0631\u064A\u062F \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062D\u062B \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0645\u062A\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062C\u0645\u064A\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062A\u0648\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u062A\u0645\u0639." , "lang" : "ar" } ,
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      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "La ciencia abierta (en ingl\u00E9s, open science) es el movimiento que promueve el acceso abierto de los productos de investigaci\u00F3n cient\u00EDfica, incluidas las publicaciones, los datos, metodolog\u00EDa, c\u00F3digo, entre otros, de manera que \u00E9stos sean accesibles a todos los niveles de la sociedad, tanto para aficionados como para profesionales,\u200B especialmente de aquel coconocimiento cient\u00EDfico generado con fondos p\u00FAblicos. As\u00ED mismo, la ciencia abierta se\u00F1ala la importanacia de repensar y transformar distintos aspectos fundamentales en la construcci\u00F3n de conocimiento cient\u00EDfico, tales como la evaluaci\u00F3n cient\u00EDfica, las infraestructuras, la accesibilidad al p\u00FAblico, la colaboraci\u00F3n entre cient\u00EDficos y la distribuci\u00F3n democr\u00E1tica del conocimiento cient\u00EDfico.\u200B Por otra parte, la iniciativa de ciencia abier" , "lang" : "es" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Sains terbuka secara konseptual adalah ilmu pengetahuan yang transparan dan bisa diakses siapapun yang memungkinkan, yang tersebar dan berkembang melalui berbagai jaringan kerja sama. Dalam pengertiannya sebagai sebuah aksi sains terbuka didefinisikan sebagai sebuah gerakan yang bertujuan agar penelitian ilmiah dalam bentuk data dan publikasi dapat diakses oleh masyarakat luas dari berbagai kalangan yang membutuhkan." , "lang" : "in" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Zientzia irekia zientzia ikerketak, datuak eta informazioa edozein ezagutza-mailatan \u2014 dela amateurrentzat, dela profesionalentzat \u2014 gizarteratzea helburu duen mugimendua da." , "lang" : "eu" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "A express\u00E3o ci\u00EAncia aberta (open science) faz refer\u00EAncia a um modelo de pr\u00E1tica cient\u00EDfica que, em conson\u00E2ncia com o desenvolvimento da cultura digital, visa a disponibiliza\u00E7\u00E3o das informa\u00E7\u00F5es em rede de forma oposta \u00E0 pesquisa fechada dos laborat\u00F3rios. Tem como caracter\u00EDstica a participa\u00E7\u00E3o de uma ampla base de contribuidores potenciais e insumos, como dados ou algoritmos de resolu\u00E7\u00E3o de problemas. Atualmente a express\u00E3o tamb\u00E9m se refere a gera\u00E7\u00E3o de materiais de pesquisa que s\u00E3o compartilhados abertamente, sem a necessidade de patentes. Por exemplo, no Brasil foi iniciado o conv\u00EAnio de ci\u00EAncia aberta Cons\u00F3rcio do Genoma Estrutural, o qual tem o objetivo de gerar pequenas mol\u00E9culas inibidores de prote\u00EDnas quinasses e estas mol\u00E9culas estar\u00E3o dispon\u00EDveis para qualquer grupo de pesquisa do B" , "lang" : "pt" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "La science ouverte (open science ou open research pour les anglophones) est un mouvement qui cherche \u00E0 rendre la recherche scientifique et les donn\u00E9es qu'elle produit accessibles \u00E0 tous et dans tous les niveaux de la soci\u00E9t\u00E9." , "lang" : "fr" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Open science is the movement to make scientific research (including publications, data, physical samples, and software) and its dissemination accessible to all levels of society, amateur or professional. Open science is transparent and accessible knowledge that is shared and developed through collaborative networks. It encompasses practices such as publishing open research, campaigning for open access, encouraging scientists to practice open-notebook science (such as openly sharing data and code), broader dissemination and engagement in science and generally making it easier to publish, access and communicate scientific knowledge." , "lang" : "en" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Offene Wissenschaft (engl. Open Science) bezeichnet eine Wissenschaftspraxis, bei der andere mitwirken und beitragen k\u00F6nnen, wobei Forschungsdaten, Laborberichte und andere Forschungsprozesse frei zug\u00E4nglich sind, und zwar unter Bedingungen, die die Wiederverwendung, Weiterverbreitung und Vervielf\u00E4ltigung von Forschung und den ihr zugrundeliegenden Daten und Methoden erm\u00F6glicht. Kurz gesagt, Open Science ist transparentes und zug\u00E4ngliches Wissen, das durch kollaborative Netzwerke geteilt und (weiter)entwickelt wird." , "lang" : "de" } ] ,
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    "http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract" : [ { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Open science is the movement to make scientific research (including publications, data, physical samples, and software) and its dissemination accessible to all levels of society, amateur or professional. Open science is transparent and accessible knowledge that is shared and developed through collaborative networks. It encompasses practices such as publishing open research, campaigning for open access, encouraging scientists to practice open-notebook science (such as openly sharing data and code), broader dissemination and engagement in science and generally making it easier to publish, access and communicate scientific knowledge. Usage of the term varies substantially across disciplines, with a notable prevalence in the STEM disciplines. Open research is often used quasi-synonymously to address the gap that the denotion of \"science\" might have regarding an inclusion of the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences. The primary focus connecting all disciplines is the widespread uptake of new technologies and tools, and the underlying ecology of the production, dissemination and reception of knowledge from a research-based point-of-view. As Tennant et al. (2020) note, the term open science \"implicitly seems only to regard \u2018scientific\u2019 disciplines, whereas open scholarship can be considered to include research from the Arts and Humanities, as well as the different roles and practices that researchers perform as educators and communicators, and an underlying open philosophy of sharing knowledge beyond research communities.\" Open science can be seen as a continuation of, rather than a revolution in, practices begun in the 17th century with the advent of the academic journal, when the societal demand for access to scientific knowledge reached a point at which it became necessary for groups of scientists to share resources with each other. In modern times there is debate about the extent to which scientific information should be shared. The conflict that led to the Open Science movement is between the desire of scientists to have access to shared resources versus the desire of individual entities to profit when other entities partake of their resources. Additionally, the status of open access and resources that are available for its promotion are likely to differ from one field of academic inquiry to another." , "lang" : "en" } ,
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      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "La ciencia abierta (en ingl\u00E9s, open science) es el movimiento que promueve el acceso abierto de los productos de investigaci\u00F3n cient\u00EDfica, incluidas las publicaciones, los datos, metodolog\u00EDa, c\u00F3digo, entre otros, de manera que \u00E9stos sean accesibles a todos los niveles de la sociedad, tanto para aficionados como para profesionales,\u200B especialmente de aquel coconocimiento cient\u00EDfico generado con fondos p\u00FAblicos. As\u00ED mismo, la ciencia abierta se\u00F1ala la importanacia de repensar y transformar distintos aspectos fundamentales en la construcci\u00F3n de conocimiento cient\u00EDfico, tales como la evaluaci\u00F3n cient\u00EDfica, las infraestructuras, la accesibilidad al p\u00FAblico, la colaboraci\u00F3n entre cient\u00EDficos y la distribuci\u00F3n democr\u00E1tica del conocimiento cient\u00EDfico.\u200B Por otra parte, la iniciativa de ciencia abierta considera la conveniencia de la incorporaci\u00F3n de experiencias no cient\u00EDficas en el proceso de construcci\u00F3n de conocimiento mediante proyectos de ciencia ciudadana." , "lang" : "es" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Ci\u00E8ncia oberta \u00E9s el paraig\u00FCes del moviment per fer la recerca cient\u00EDfica, les seves dades i la seva disseminaci\u00F3 accessibles a tots els nivells d'una societat del coneixement, a un nivell aficionat o professional. \u00C9s una manera de concebre la investigaci\u00F3 cient\u00EDfica basada en el treball col\u00B7laboratiu, en l'obertura i transpar\u00E8ncia de totes les fases de la investigaci\u00F3 (recollida de dades, revisi\u00F3 per experts, difusi\u00F3, avaluaci\u00F3, etc.) i tamb\u00E9 en l'aproximaci\u00F3 de la ci\u00E8ncia a la societat. La ci\u00E8ncia oberta suposa una transformaci\u00F3 radical sobre com dur a terme la investigaci\u00F3 cient\u00EDfica i sobre com transformar el seu sistema d'avaluaci\u00F3, en s\u00EDntesi, un complet canvi de paradigma respecte el sistema actual. La ci\u00E8ncia oberta va comen\u00E7ar al segle xvii amb l'aparici\u00F3 de les revistes acad\u00E8miques quan la demanda social per a l'acc\u00E9s al coneixement cient\u00EDfic va arribar a un punt en qu\u00E8 va caler que grups de cient\u00EDfics compartissin els seus recursos entre si, perqu\u00E8 poguessin fer col\u00B7lectivament la seva feina. En temps moderns, es debat sobre fins a quin punt cal compartir la informaci\u00F3 cient\u00EDfica. El conflicte es troba entre el desig dels cient\u00EDfics de tenir acc\u00E9s a recursos compartits, i el desig de les entitats individuals d'obtenir un profit quan una altra entitat vol fer servir els seus recursos." , "lang" : "ca" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "A express\u00E3o ci\u00EAncia aberta (open science) faz refer\u00EAncia a um modelo de pr\u00E1tica cient\u00EDfica que, em conson\u00E2ncia com o desenvolvimento da cultura digital, visa a disponibiliza\u00E7\u00E3o das informa\u00E7\u00F5es em rede de forma oposta \u00E0 pesquisa fechada dos laborat\u00F3rios. Tem como caracter\u00EDstica a participa\u00E7\u00E3o de uma ampla base de contribuidores potenciais e insumos, como dados ou algoritmos de resolu\u00E7\u00E3o de problemas. Atualmente a express\u00E3o tamb\u00E9m se refere a gera\u00E7\u00E3o de materiais de pesquisa que s\u00E3o compartilhados abertamente, sem a necessidade de patentes. Por exemplo, no Brasil foi iniciado o conv\u00EAnio de ci\u00EAncia aberta Cons\u00F3rcio do Genoma Estrutural, o qual tem o objetivo de gerar pequenas mol\u00E9culas inibidores de prote\u00EDnas quinasses e estas mol\u00E9culas estar\u00E3o dispon\u00EDveis para qualquer grupo de pesquisa do Brasil e do mundo. Nesse contexto, novas iniciativas de publica\u00E7\u00E3o e revis\u00E3o por pares, como o Peerage of Science, o arXiv e a PLoS confirmam essa tend\u00EAncia que agora desponta tamb\u00E9m nas redes sociais." , "lang" : "pt" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u041E\u0442\u043A\u0440\u044B\u0442\u0430\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0430 \u2014 \u0441\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043E\u0431\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439, \u0434\u0435\u044F\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0440\u044C\u0435\u0440\u043E\u0432 \u0432 \u043E\u0431\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0435 \u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439. \u041A \u043D\u0438\u043C 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      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u958B\u653E\u79D1\u5B78\uFF08Open Science\uFF09\u662F\u8B93\u5404\u793E\u6703\u968E\u5C64\u7684\u4EBA\uFF0C\u4E0D\u5206\u5C08\u696D\u6216\u662F\u696D\u9918\uFF0C\u90FD\u53EF\u4EE5\u63A5\u89F8\u79D1\u5B78\u7814\u7A76\u3001\u8CC7\u6599\u4EE5\u53CA\u76F8\u95DC\u50B3\u64AD\u8A2A\u554F\u7684\u904B\u52D5\u3002\u958B\u653E\u79D1\u5B78\u7684\u4F5C\u6CD5\u5305\u62EC\u51FA\u7248\uFF0C\u81F4\u529B\u5F00\u653E\u83B7\u53D6\uFF0C\u9F13\u52F5\u79D1\u5B78\u5BB6\u9032\u884C\uFF0C\u8B93\u79D1\u5B78\u77E5\u8B58\u7684\u51FA\u7248\u53CA\u50B3\u64AD\u8D8A\u4F86\u8D8A\u5BB9\u6613\u3002\u4FC3\u9032\u958B\u653E\u79D1\u5B78\u8A13\u7DF4\u7684\u6B50\u6D32\u7814\u7A76\uFF08Facilitate Open Science Training for European Research, FOSTER\uFF09\u662F\u6B50\u76DF\u8CC7\u52A9\u7684\u8A08\u5283\uFF0C\u5DF2\u7D93\u767C\u5C55\u4E86\u958B\u653E\u79D1\u5B78\u7684\u8CC7\u6599\u5206\u985E\u6CD5\uFF0C\u8A2D\u6CD5\u8981\u5C0D\u61C9\u958B\u653E\u79D1\u5B78\u7684\u76F8\u95DC\u9818\u57DF\u3002 \u572817\u4E16\u7D00\u6642\u6709\u5B66\u672F\u671F\u520A\u7684\u51FA\u73FE\uFF0C\u800C\u793E\u6703\u4E0A\u5E0C\u671B\u7372\u5F97\u77E5\u8B58\u7684\u9700\u6C42\u5F37\u70C8\u5230\u4E00\u500B\u7A0B\u5EA6\uFF0C\u79D1\u5B78\u5BB6\u5011\u9700\u8981\u7D44\u6210\u7FA4\u9AD4\u4EE5\u5206\u4EAB\u5176\u8CC7\u6E90 \uFF0C\u5728\u5F7C\u6B64\u5206\u4EAB\u7684\u540C\u6642\u4E5F\u53EF\u4EE5\u5171\u540C\u9032\u884C\u7814\u7A76\uFF0C\u90A3\u6642\u958B\u653E\u79D1\u5B78\u5C31\u958B\u59CB\u4E86\u3002\u5728\u73FE\u4EE3\u5247\u51FA\u73FE\u4E86\u54EA\u4E9B\u79D1\u5B78\u8CC7\u6599\u53EF\u4EE5\u5206\u4EAB\u7684\u722D\u8B70\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u7684\u885D\u7A81\u9EDE\u662F\u5728\u6709\u4E9B\u79D1\u5B78\u5BB6\u5E0C\u671B\u53EF\u4EE5\u7372\u53D6\u5F7C\u6B64\u5171\u4EAB\u7684\u8CC7\u6E90\uFF0C\u800C\u6709\u4E9B\u79D1\u5B78\u5BB6\u5E0C\u671B\u5225\u4EBA\u5206\u4EAB\u5176\u8CC7\u6E90\u53CA\u7814\u7A76\u6210\u679C\u6642\uFF0C\u81EA\u5DF1\u4E5F\u53EF\u4EE5\u5F97\u5230\u4E00\u4E9B\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5831\u916C\u3002\u6B64\u5916\uFF0C\u6B63\u5982OpenScience\u535A\u5BA2\u6307\u51FA\u7684\u90A3\u6A23\uFF0C\u5728\u4E00\u500B\u5B78\u8853\u7814\u7A76\u9818\u57DF\u53EF\u4F9B\u5176\u63A8\u5EE3\u7684\u958B\u653E\u7372\u53D6\u548C\u8CC7\u6E90\u72C0\u614B\u53EF\u80FD\u6703\u4E0D\u540C\u65BC\u53E6\u4E00\u500B\u9818\u57DF\u7684\u3002" , "lang" : "zh" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Zientzia irekia zientzia ikerketak, datuak eta informazioa edozein ezagutza-mailatan \u2014 dela amateurrentzat, dela profesionalentzat \u2014 gizarteratzea helburu duen mugimendua da." , "lang" : "eu" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "La science ouverte (open science ou open research pour les anglophones) est un mouvement qui cherche \u00E0 rendre la recherche scientifique et les donn\u00E9es qu'elle produit accessibles \u00E0 tous et dans tous les niveaux de la soci\u00E9t\u00E9. Pour cela, la science ouverte s'appuie fortement sur le recours \u00E0 l'Internet ouvert, \u00E0 l'open data, aux outils de travail collaboratif (dont Wikip\u00E9dia, Wikiversit\u00E9 et Wikispecies font partie), \u00E0 la formation en ligne et au web social de mani\u00E8re \u00E0 rendre la recherche scientifique et ses donn\u00E9es accessibles \u00E0 tous (amateurs et professionnels). Parce que volontairement et activement ouverte, elle peut aussi favoriser la multidisciplinarit\u00E9 de la recherche et \u00E9ventuellement un caract\u00E8re multilingue en consid\u00E9rant la science et les donn\u00E9es comme un \u00AB bien commun \u00BB. La science ouverte serait n\u00E9e au XVIIe si\u00E8cle avec l'apparition de la revue acad\u00E9mique, quand la demande d'acc\u00E8s \u00E0 la connaissance scientifique a atteint un point o\u00F9 il a fallu que des groupes de scientifiques de plus en plus grands, dispers\u00E9s et sp\u00E9cialis\u00E9s partagent des ressources les uns avec les autres pour pouvoir faire collectivement leur travail. Depuis les questions de la mesure, du d\u00E9lai et parfois des conditions de l'ouverture sont souvent (re)discut\u00E9es. Deux approches entrent souvent en conflit : le souhait pour le scientifique d'avoir acc\u00E8s \u00E0 une grande quantit\u00E9 de ressources partag\u00E9es, et d'autre part le d\u00E9sir d'entit\u00E9s individuelles de tirer profit de l'acc\u00E8s \u00E0 leurs donn\u00E9es par d'autres qu'elles-m\u00EAmes. Le statut de l'acc\u00E8s ouvert, ainsi que la nature et la quantit\u00E9 des ressources mises au service de la science ouverte varie beaucoup selon le domaine scientifique, acad\u00E9mique ou priv\u00E9." , "lang" : "fr" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Open Science \u00E8 l'espressione con cui si indica il movimento culturale teso a rendere aperto ogni passo della ricerca scientifica. Per Open Science si intende anche la diffusione dei dati raccolti e dei risultati delle ricerche scientifiche in modo che siano accessibili a ogni livello di studio, dai semplici cittadini o scienziati amatoriali fino ai professionisti del settore. Open Science \u00E8 un \"termine ombrello\" che comprende concetti quali l'apertura dei dati (Open Data), dei testi degli articoli scientifici (Open Access), del materiale didattico (Open Educational Resources), l'uso di metodologie aperte durante l'intero ciclo della ricerca (Open Methodology), quali ad esempio l'uso degli Open Notebook, l'uso di software aperto (Open Source), l'adozione di pratiche aperte anche nella revisione paritaria, utile a verificare la qualit\u00E0 dei lavori scientifici (Open Peer review). Fa parte della Open Science anche il concetto parallelo di Citizen Science, la scienza dei cittadini, intesa sia come divulgazione che come partecipazione attiva dei cittadini alla raccolta dei dati. Il progetto europeo Facilitate Open Science Training for European Research (FOSTER) ha proposto una tassonomia molto articolata per mappare i campi della Open Science e dar conto della sua complessit\u00E0. Bianca Kramer e Jeroen Bosman, dell'Universit\u00E0 di Utrecht, hanno creato un Arcobaleno delle pratiche Open Science per mostrare come sia possibile rendere aperto ogni passo della ricerca usando gli strumenti adatti. L'open science nacque nel XVII secolo con l'avvento delle pubblicazioni accademiche, quando la domanda sociale di accesso alle conoscenze scientifiche arriv\u00F2 al punto in cui per i vari gruppi di studiosi si rese necessario condividere le proprie conoscenze gli uni con gli altri, in modo da favorire collaborazioni fra di loro per svolgere un lavoro pi\u00F9 proficuo. Attualmente il dibattito coinvolge la misura in cui le informazioni scientifiche dovrebbero essere condivise. Il punto di scontro \u00E8 tra il desiderio degli scienziati di avere accesso a risorse condivise da un lato e dall'altro la volont\u00E0 dei singoli enti che posseggono tali risorse di trarne profitto quando altri enti o individui hanno la necessit\u00E0 di accedervi." , "lang" : "it" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u0412\u0456\u0434\u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u0430 \u2014 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0456\u043D \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0440\u0443\u0445\u0443, \u043C\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u044F\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u2014 \u0437\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0456 \u0434\u0430\u043D\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0457\u0445\u043D\u0454 \u043F\u043E\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u0432\u0441\u0456\u0445 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043A\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043F\u0456\u043B\u044C\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u044F\u043A \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043B\u044E\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u0456\u0432, \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0456 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0432.\u0412\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438, \u044F\u043A \u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0456\u043A\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u044C (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. open research), \u043A\u0430\u043C\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0457 \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043C\u043A\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u0443, \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043C\u0443\u043B\u044E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0432\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043E \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. open notebook science), \u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043B\u043E\u043C \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0433\u0448\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043F\u0443\u0431\u043B\u0456\u043A\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043E\u0431\u0456\u0433\u0443 \u043D\u0430\u0443\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F." , "lang" : "uk" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Sains terbuka secara konseptual adalah ilmu pengetahuan yang transparan dan bisa diakses siapapun yang memungkinkan, yang tersebar dan berkembang melalui berbagai jaringan kerja sama. Dalam pengertiannya sebagai sebuah aksi sains terbuka didefinisikan sebagai sebuah gerakan yang bertujuan agar penelitian ilmiah dalam bentuk data dan publikasi dapat diakses oleh masyarakat luas dari berbagai kalangan yang membutuhkan. Sains terbuka juga menjadi istilah generik untuk beberapa konsep terbuka lainnya, yaitu, akses terbuka (open access), data terbuka (open data), kutipan terbuka (open citation), sumber terbuka (open source)." , "lang" : "in" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Otev\u0159en\u00E1 v\u011Bda je hnut\u00ED za tzv. otev\u0159en\u00FD p\u0159\u00EDstup (Open Access) k v\u011Bdeck\u00E9mu pozn\u00E1n\u00ED. To znamen\u00E1, aby byly v\u011Bdeck\u00E9 poznatky v elektronick\u00E9 podob\u011B dostupn\u00E9 \u0161irok\u00E9 ve\u0159ejnosti. Otev\u0159en\u00E1 v\u011Bda je zast\u0159e\u0161uj\u00EDc\u00EDm pojmem pro mnoho p\u0159\u00EDstup\u016F a c\u00EDl\u016F. Mezi hlavn\u00ED ambice pat\u0159\u00ED dos\u00E1hnout kvalitn\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDho v\u00FDzkumu pomoc\u00ED u\u017E\u0161\u00ED spolupr\u00E1ce a komunikace mezi v\u011Bdci a vz\u00E1jemn\u00E9ho sd\u00EDlen\u00ED a hodnocen\u00ED dat a v\u00FDsledk\u016F v\u00FDzkumu, tj. \u017Ee v\u011Bdci mohou \u010Derpat z poznatk\u016F z ji\u017E proveden\u00FDch v\u00FDzkum\u016F, \u010D\u00EDm\u017E je cel\u00FD proces snadn\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED a rychlej\u0161\u00ED. Dal\u0161\u00EDm c\u00EDlem je zp\u0159\u00EDstupnit v\u011Bdeck\u00E9 poznatky a data i laick\u00E9mu publiku a zapojit ve\u0159ejnost do procesu v\u00FDzkumu. Otev\u0159en\u00E1 v\u011Bda je spojen\u00EDm otev\u0159en\u00E9ho a transparentn\u00EDho p\u0159\u00EDstupu ve v\u011Bd\u011B a nov\u00FDch technologi\u00ED a inovac\u00ED, kter\u00E9 p\u0159in\u00E1\u0161ej\u00ED nov\u00E9 mo\u017Enosti, jak otev\u0159en\u00E9ho p\u0159\u00EDstupu dos\u00E1hnout. Definov\u00E1n\u00ED pojmu otev\u0159en\u00E1 v\u011Bda se v minulosti hodn\u011B v\u011Bnoval, a st\u00E1le v\u011Bnuje, ekonom Paul David. Otev\u0159enou v\u011Bdu definoval jako jeden z ve\u0159ejn\u00FDch statk\u016F v ekonomii, co\u017E znamen\u00E1, \u017Ee v\u00FDsledky v\u00FDzkumu, kter\u00FD byl financov\u00E1n z ve\u0159ejn\u00FDch pen\u011Bz, by m\u011Bly b\u00FDt p\u0159\u00EDstupn\u00E9 v\u0161em bez poplatk\u016F. Z\u00E1rove\u0148 argumentuje t\u00EDm, \u017Ee v\u011Bdeck\u00FD v\u00FDzkum je z dlouhodob\u00E9ho m\u011B\u0159\u00EDtka proces, kter\u00FD na sebe neust\u00E1le nabaluje nov\u00E9 poznatky. A efektivnost v\u00FDzkumu je d\u00E1na rychlost\u00ED objevov\u00E1n\u00ED nov\u00FDch poznatk\u016F. Koncept otev\u0159en\u00E9 v\u011Bdy podle Paula Davida umo\u017E\u0148uje, aby byly jednotliv\u00E9 d\u00EDl\u010D\u00ED \u010D\u00E1sti pozn\u00E1n\u00ED rychle dostupn\u00E9 ostatn\u00EDm v\u011Bdc\u016Fm a aby se zabr\u00E1nilo opakov\u00E1n\u00ED ji\u017E proveden\u00FDch v\u00FDzkum\u016F." , "lang" : "cs" } ,
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      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Otwarta nauka \u2013 dowolne pobieranie, przetwarzanie i kolporta\u017C tre\u015Bci naukowych dla mo\u017Cliwie jak najwi\u0119kszej liczby odbiorc\u00F3w przy wykorzystaniu wszystkich mo\u017Cliwych \u015Brodk\u00F3w przekazu. opisa\u0142 otwart\u0105 nauk\u0119 jako \u201Eide\u0119, kt\u00F3ra zak\u0142ada, \u017Ce wszelkiego rodzaju wiedza naukowa powinna by\u0107 otwarcie rozpowszechniana tak wcze\u015Bnie, jak jest to praktyczne w procesie odkrywania\u201D. Pocz\u0105tki otwartej nauki w historii otwiera pojawienie si\u0119 drukowanych czasopism naukowych w XVII wieku. Post\u0119p techniczny, powstanie internetu i wspieranie przez organizacje mi\u0119dzynarodowe takie jak Europejska Rada ds. Bada\u0144 Naukowych upowszechniaj\u0105 otwart\u0105 nauk\u0119 we wsp\u00F3\u0142czesnym \u015Bwiecie. Jest inicjatyw\u0105 wpisuj\u0105ca si\u0119 w nurt otwarto\u015Bci tre\u015Bci, mo\u017Cliwo\u015Bci wymiany pogl\u0105d\u00F3w i informacji oraz swobodnego rozwoju dla wszystkich zainteresowanych, przez co jest ona coraz bardziej popularna we wsp\u00F3\u0142czesnej dobie globalizacji, demokratyzacji i pluralizmu. Otwarta nauka opiera si\u0119 na 6 zasadach. S\u0105 to: \n* Otwarta metodologia: dokumentowanie stosowania metod oraz ca\u0142ego procesu, o ile jest to wykonalne; \n* Open Source: u\u017Cywanie technologii otwartego oprogramowania i sprz\u0119tu; \n* Otwarte dane: udost\u0119pnianie dost\u0119pnych danych bezp\u0142atnie; \n* Otwarty dost\u0119p: publikacja w spos\u00F3b otwarty i udost\u0119pnianie wszystkim zapisanych danych; \n* Open Peer Review: przejrzyste i mo\u017Cliwe do prze\u015Bledzenia zapewnianie jako\u015Bci i wiarygodno\u015Bci poprzez otwart\u0105 recenzj\u0119 wzajemn\u0105; \n* Otwarte zasoby edukacyjne: u\u017Cywanie bezp\u0142atnych i otwartych materia\u0142\u00F3w dla edukacji i nauczania uniwersyteckiego. W Polsce w 2019 trwa\u0142y prace nad przepisami, wed\u0142ug kt\u00F3rych projekty oraz naukowcy op\u0142acani z pa\u0144stwowych pieni\u0119dzy mieliby obowi\u0105zek publikacji w otwartym dost\u0119pie. Na dost\u0119p do zamkni\u0119tych publikacji, dla instytucji naukowych i uczonych pa\u0144stwo wydawa\u0142o w tym czasie ok. 250 mln z\u0142." , "lang" : "pl" } ,
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  <script>parent.window.postMessage('ixistenz.url:http://dbpedia.org/data/Open_science.json', '*'); </script> <div id='browserdiffcontainer' style='position: fixed; right: 10px; top: 10vh; min-width: 60px;  border: 1px solid white; background: rgb(251, 189, 0);; opacity: 0.9; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans serif;  font-size: 12px; z-index: 20001; padding-bottom: 20px;'><div onclick="toggle('browserdiffcontainerlist'); return false;" style='background: rgb(151, 89, 0);; color: white; '><strong>&nbsp; <span class='glyphicon glyphicon-minus'></span> NODES</strong></div><div id='browserdiffcontainerlist' style='padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 5px; max-height: 50vh; overflow: auto; '><div><a href='#diffid116' style='color: white;' onClick="parent.window.postMessage('ixistenz.opendiff:116', '*');; return false;" style='text-decoration: none; '>COMMUNITY </a> <a style='color: white;' href='#diffid116'><sup>1</sup></a></div><div><a href='#diffid884' style='color: white;' onClick="parent.window.postMessage('ixistenz.opendiff:884', '*');; return false;" style='text-decoration: none; '>Idea </a> <a style='color: white;' href='#diffid884'><sup>1</sup></a></div><div><a href='#diffid119' style='color: white;' onClick="parent.window.postMessage('ixistenz.opendiff:119', '*');; return false;" style='text-decoration: none; '>idea </a> <a style='color: white;' href='#diffid119'><sup>1</sup></a></div><div><a href='#diffid120' style='color: white;' onClick="parent.window.postMessage('ixistenz.opendiff:120', '*');; return false;" style='text-decoration: none; '>innovation </a> <a style='color: white;' href='#diffid120'><sup>3</sup></a></div><div><a href='#diffid123' style='color: white;' onClick="parent.window.postMessage('ixistenz.opendiff:123', '*');; return false;" style='text-decoration: none; '>INTERN </a> <a style='color: white;' href='#diffid123'><sup>6</sup></a></div><div><a href='#diffid878' style='color: white;' onClick="parent.window.postMessage('ixistenz.opendiff:878', '*');; return false;" style='text-decoration: none; '>Note </a> <a style='color: white;' href='#diffid878'><sup>9</sup></a></div><div><a href='#diffid115' style='color: white;' onClick="parent.window.postMessage('ixistenz.opendiff:115', '*');; return false;" style='text-decoration: none; '>Project </a> <a style='color: white;' href='#diffid115'><sup>5</sup></a></div><div><a href='#diffid122' style='color: white;' onClick="parent.window.postMessage('ixistenz.opendiff:122', '*');; return false;" style='text-decoration: none; '>todo </a> <a style='color: white;' href='#diffid122'><sup>6</sup></a></div></div></div>
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