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    "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label" : [ { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Samatha" , "lang" : "nl" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Shamatha" , "lang" : "de" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Samath\u00E1" , "lang" : "cs" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Samatha" , "lang" : "in" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u0428\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0445\u0430" , "lang" : "uk" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u0428\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0445\u0430" , "lang" : "ru" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Samatha-vipassana" , "lang" : "en" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u015Aamatha" , "lang" : "pl" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\uC0AC\uB9C8\uD0C0" , "lang" : "ko" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Samatha" , "lang" : "es" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u015Aamatha" , "lang" : "it" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Samatha" , "lang" : "pt" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u6B62 (\u4F5B\u6559)" , "lang" : "zh" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Samatha" , "lang" : "fr" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u30B5\u30DE\u30BF\u7791\u60F3" , "lang" : "ja" } ] ,
    "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment" : [ { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\uC0AC\uB9C8\uD0C0(\u5962\u6469\u4ED6, Samatha)\uB294 \uACE0\uC694\uD568\uC744 \uAC1C\uBC1C\uD558\uB294 \uBD88\uAD50\uC758 \uBA85\uC0C1\uBC95\uC774\uB2E4. \uC704\uBE60\uC0AC\uB098\uAC00 \uAD00\uC870, \uAD00\uCC30\uC744 \uD558\uB294 \uBA85\uC0C1\uBC95\uC778 \uBC18\uBA74\uC5D0, \uC0AC\uB9C8\uD0C0\uB294 \uACE0\uC694\uD568, \uC801\uBA78, \uC0AC\uB9C8\uB514(\uC0BC\uB9E4)\uB97C \uBAA9\uD45C\uB85C \uD558\uB294 \uBA85\uC0C1\uC774\uB2E4. \uACC4\uC815\uD61C\uC0BC\uD559\uC758 \uC815\uC5D0 \uD574\uB2F9\uD558\uBA70, \uC9C0\uAD00\uC5D0\uC11C \uC9C0\uB97C \uC758\uBBF8\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC815\uC774\uB098 \uC9C0\uB294 \uC778\uB3C4\uC5B4 \uC0AC\uB9C8\uD0C0\uB97C \uD55C\uC5ED\uD55C \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4." , "lang" : "ko" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Shamatha (Sanskrit, auch \u015Aamatha, in Devanagari \u0936\u092E\u0925, \u201Aruhiges Verweilen\u2018; Pali Samatha; Tibetisch \u0F5E\u0F72\u0F0B\u0F42\u0F53\u0F66\u0F0B,Umschrift nach Wylie gzhi gnas) ist eine buddhistische Meditationstechnik. Sie kann mit \u201Eruhiges\u201C oder \u201Efriedvolles Verweilen\u201C \u00FCbersetzt werden. Es handelt sich um eine Meditationstechnik, welche u. a. der historische Buddha gelehrt hat.Elemente in ihrer fortschreitenden Entwicklung sind Jhana und Vipassana." , "lang" : "de" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u0428\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0445\u0430 (\u043F\u0430\u043B\u0438 samatha \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0440. \u0936\u092E\u0925, IAST: \u015Bamatha, \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u0431. \u0F5E\u0F72\u0F0B\u0F42\u0F53\u0F66, \u0412\u0430\u0439\u043B\u0438: \u0428\u0438\u043D\u044D, \u0431\u0443\u043A\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u2014 \u0443\u043C\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u043A\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435) \u2014 \u0442\u0438\u043F \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0434\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044F\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043B\u044C\u044E \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043A\u043E\u044F, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u044F\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F. \u0412 \u0442\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0434\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u043D\u043E \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0443 \u0441 \u0432\u0438\u043F\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0439 (\u0432\u0438\u043F\u0430\u0448\u044C\u044F\u043D\u043E\u0439), \u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0443 \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0448\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0445\u0430-\u0432\u0438\u043F\u0430\u0448\u044C\u044F\u043D\u0430. \u0428\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0445\u0430 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C\u044E \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430 \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A, \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0434\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043C \u00AB\u0441\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0434\u0445\u0438\u00BB. \u041F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0448\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0445\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043A\u0443 \u0443\u043C\u0430 \u0432 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0435, \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0433\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043A\u0443 \u0443\u043C\u0430 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043F\u0430\u0448\u044C\u044F\u043D\u044B. \u0412\u0438\u043F\u0430\u0448\u044C\u044F\u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0443\u044E \u043C\u0443\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C (\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0436\u043D\u044F) \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u044B \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0434\u0445\u0430\u0440\u043C, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u044B \u0441\u043E\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u043C\u0430." , "lang" : "ru" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u015Aamatha (sanskryt), samatha (pali), szine (tyb. \u0F5E\u0F72\u0F0B\u0F42\u0F53\u0F66\u0F0B, Wylie: zhi gnas) \u2013 jedna z podstawowych technik medytacji w buddyzmie, polegaj\u0105ca na utrzymywaniu w spos\u00F3b ci\u0105g\u0142y uwa\u017Cno\u015Bci, poprzez skupienie na jakim\u015B obiekcie, co prowadzi do uspokojenia umys\u0142u. Nazwa pochodzi od sanskryckiego rdzenia \u201E\u015Bam-\u201D (spok\u00F3j, uspokaja\u0107) i \u201E(s)tha\u201D (pozostawa\u0107). Jest 40 mo\u017Cliwych obiekt\u00F3w medytacji: Medytacja samatha ma dawa\u0107 trzy korzy\u015Bci: szcz\u0119\u015Bcie w obecnym \u017Cyciu, szcz\u0119\u015Bliwe odrodzenie i uwolnienie si\u0119 od umys\u0142owych skaz, co jest warunkiem uzyskania wgl\u0105du." , "lang" : "pl" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Samatha (Pali), (Sanskerta: \u0936\u092E\u0925, \u015Bamatha) adalah praktik meditasi Buddhis (bh\u0101van\u0101) mengenai penenangan pikiran (citta) dan \u201Cformasi\u201D-nya (sa\u1E45khara). Hal ini dilakukan dengan menumbuhkan dan mengembangkan nilai luhur dalam diri, seperti (mett\u0101) cinta-kasih, (karuna) welas-asih, (s\u012Bla) kemoralan, (cagga) kedermawanan, dan lain sebagainya. Samatha umum ditemukan pada semua tradisi Buddhis." , "lang" : "in" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Samatha \u00E9 um termo usado dentro da medita\u00E7\u00E3o budista para designar o aspecto de treinamento que leva \u00E0 calma e concentra\u00E7\u00E3o. Dentro da tradi\u00E7\u00E3o Teravada muitos adotam a dualidade Vipassana/Samatha para ensinamento da pratica meditativa." , "lang" : "pt" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Samatha (P\u0101li; Sanskrit: \u0936\u092E\u0925 \u015Bamatha'; Chinese: \u6B62; pinyin: zh\u01D0), \"calm,\" \"serenity,\" \"tranquillity of awareness,\" and vipassan\u0101 (P\u0101li; Sanskrit vipa\u015Byan\u0101), literally \"special, super (vi-), seeing (-passan\u0101)\", are two qualities of the mind developed in tandem in Buddhist practice. In the Pali Canon and the \u0100gama they are not specific practices, but elements of \"a single path,\" and \"fulfilled\" with the development (bh\u0101van\u0101) of sati (\"mindfulness\") and jhana/dhyana (\"meditation\") and other path-factors. While jhana/dhyana has a central role in the Buddhist path, vipassan\u0101 is hardly mentioned separately, but mostly described along with samatha." , "lang" : "en" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u30B5\u30DE\u30BF\u7791\u60F3\uFF08\u30B5\u30DE\u30BF\u3081\u3044\u305D\u3046\u3001\u5DF4: samathabh\u0101van\u0101\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u3053\u3053\u308D\u3092\u7279\u5B9A\u306E\u5BFE\u8C61\u306B\u7D50\u3073\u3064\u3051\u3066\u96C6\u4E2D\u529B\u3092\u990A\u3046\u7791\u60F3\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u30B5\u30DE\u30BF\uFF08\u5DF4: samatha\uFF09\u3001\u30B7\u30E3\u30DE\u30BF\uFF08\u68B5: \u015Bamatha\uFF09\u3001\u5962\u6469\u4ED6\u3068\u306F\u3001\u3072\u3068\u3064\u306E\u5BFE\u8C61\u306B\u5FC3\u3092\u843D\u3061\u7740\u304B\u305B\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610F\u5473\u3059\u308B\u4ECF\u6559\u7528\u8A9E\u3067\u3042\u308A\u3001\u6B62\u3068\u6F22\u8A33\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3002" , "lang" : "ja" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Samatha (P\u0101li) o \u015Bamatha\u200B (en s\u00E1nscrito, \u0936\u092E\u0925; en chino, \u6B62 zh\u01D0) es un t\u00E9rmino budista que a menudo se traduce como \"tranquilidad de la mente\" o \"calma mental\". El Canon Pali lo describe como una de las dos cualidades de la mente\u200Bque se desarrolla (bh\u0101van\u0101) en la meditaci\u00F3n budista, la otra es vipassana (percepci\u00F3n). Se dice que Samatha se logra practicando la meditaci\u00F3n de un solo punto. Esto incluye una variedad de t\u00E9cnicas para calmar la mente. Samatha es com\u00FAn a muchas tradiciones budistas." , "lang" : "es" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Samath\u00E1 (t\u00E9\u017E meditace klidu, \u0161amat\u00E1) je zp\u016Fsob meditace vedouc\u00ED k rozvoji klidu a soust\u0159ed\u011Bn\u00ED. Jedn\u00E1 se o zp\u016Fsob kultivace samm\u00E1 sam\u00E1dhi, tedy prav\u00E9ho soust\u0159ed\u011Bn\u00ED, jedn\u00E9 z \u010D\u00E1st\u00ED U\u0161lechtil\u00E9 osmid\u00EDln\u00E9 stezky. Medituj\u00EDc\u00ED se sna\u017E\u00ED s mysl\u00ED spo\u010Dinout u jedin\u00E9ho . Praktikov\u00E1n\u00ED meditace samath\u00E1 m\u016F\u017Ee medituj\u00EDc\u00EDho dov\u00E9st a\u017E ke d\u017Eh\u00E1n\u011B, hlubok\u00E9mu a vysoce soust\u0159ed\u011Bn\u00E9mu pohrou\u017Een\u00ED. Ekvivalent meditace samath\u00E1 lze nal\u00E9zt i v jin\u00FDch n\u00E1bo\u017Eensk\u00FDch tradic\u00EDch. Jedn\u00E1 se o medita\u010Dn\u00ED techniky, jejich\u017E p\u0159edm\u011Btem je dech, mantra, \u010D\u00E1st p\u00EDsma, n\u00E1bo\u017Eensk\u00FD obraz, imaginace, smrt, t\u011Blo nebo t\u0159eba k\u00E1men. Na rozd\u00EDl od meditace vipassan\u00E1 tak nen\u00ED samath\u00E1 striktn\u011B buddhistickou meditac\u00ED." , "lang" : "cs" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Samatha (en pali) ou shamatha [\u0283amat\u032A\u02B0a] (en sanscrit : \u0936\u092E\u0925, IAST : \u015Bamatha), en tib\u00E9tain chin\u00E9 (\u0F5E\u0F72\u0F0B\u0F42\u0F53\u0F66\u0F0B), d\u00E9signe dans le bouddhisme la \u00AB tranquillit\u00E9 de l'esprit \u00BB, la \u00AB qui\u00E9tude \u00BB ou le \u00AB calme mental \u00BB, et par extension la premi\u00E8re \u00E9tape des pratiques de m\u00E9ditation bouddhique permettant de d\u00E9velopper cet \u00E9tat. La deuxi\u00E8me \u00E9tape de la m\u00E9ditation bouddhique est la pratique de vipassan\u0101, la \u00AB vue profonde \u00BB." , "lang" : "fr" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Samatha betekent 'kalm' of 'kalmte' in de taal Pali, en is een van de concepten of technieken die vaak gebruikt worden in de leer en beschrijving van meditatie in de Theravada traditie van het boeddhisme. Onder samatha-meditatie kunnen die vormen van meditatie worden verstaan, welke het kalmeren en concentreren van het bewustzijn als voornaamste doel hebben. Als de Boeddha meditatie onderwees dan onderwees hij voornamelijk de ontwikkeling van samadhi door middel van samatha-meditatie, als voorwaarde voor de ontwikkeling van inzicht. Belangrijke gerelateerde concepten zijn sam\u0101dhi en jh\u0101na." , "lang" : "nl" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u6B62\uFF08\u5DF4\u5229\u8A9E\uFF1Asamatha\uFF0C\u68B5\u8A9E\uFF1A\u0936\u092E\u0925\uFF0C\u015Bamatha\uFF1B\u85CF\u6587\uFF1A\u0F5E\u0F72\u0F0B\u0F42\u0F53\u0F66\u0F0B\uFF0C\u5A01\u5229\u8F6C\u5199\uFF1Azhi gnas\uFF0C\u7F85\u99AC\u62FC\u97F3\uFF1Ashyin\u00E9\uFF09\uFF0C\u53C8\u8B6F\u70BA\u5BC2\u6B62\u3001\u6B62\u606F\u3001\u5BC2\u975C\u3001\u5BC2\u7B49\uFF0C\u97F3\u8B6F\u4F5C\u5962\u6469\u4ED6\u3001\u5962\u6469\u5B83\u3001\u820D\u6469\u4ED6\u3001\u5962\u6469\u9640\u3001\u820D\u6469\u9640\uFF0C\u4F5B\u6559\u8853\u8A9E\uFF0C\u662F\u4EE5\u5C08\u6CE8\u7684\u529B\u91CF\uFF0C\u5B89\u5B9A\u8EAB\u5FC3\uFF0C\u4EE5\u6C42\u9032\u5165\u4E09\u6627\u7684\u4FEE\u884C\u65B9\u6CD5\u3002 \u5962\u6469\u4ED6\u8207\u6BD7\u5A46\u820D\u90A3\u662F\u9054\u5230\u89E3\u812B\u7684\u5169\u7A2E\u4FEE\u884C\u6CD5\u9580\uFF0C\u662F\u4FEE\u884C\u79AA\u90A3\u7684\u5169\u7A2E\u65B9\u6CD5\u4E4B\u4E00\u3002\u6F22\u50B3\u4F5B\u6559\u4E2D\uFF0C\u5C07\u6B64\u4E8C\u8005\u5408\u7A31\u70BA\u6B62\u89C0\u3002" , "lang" : "zh" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u0428\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0445\u0430 (\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0440. \u0936\u092E\u0925, \u015Bamatha IAST, \u0442\u0438\u0431. \u0F5E\u0F72\u0F0B\u0F42\u0F53\u0F66 (zhi gnas) \u0448\u0438\u043D\u0435, \u043F\u0430\u043B\u0456 \u0441\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0445\u0430, \u043A\u0438\u0442.: \u6B62 zh\u01D0) \u2014 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0430 \u0437 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043D\u0456\u043A \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0443 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0434\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0456. \u0421\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0435 \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043E \u00AB\u0448\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0445\u0430\u00BB \u0443\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0435 \u0437 \u0434\u0432\u043E\u0445 \u0441\u043B\u0456\u0432, \u0448\u0430\u043C\u0430 \u0456 \u0442\u0445\u0430. \u00AB\u0428\u0430\u043C\u0430\u00BB \u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u00AB\u043C\u0438\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0439\u00BB \u0430\u0431\u043E \u00AB\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043A\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438\u0439\u00BB, \u0430 \u00AB\u0442\u0445\u0430\u00BB \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043F\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E \u00AB\u0434\u043E\u0437\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044F\u0442\u0438\u00BB \u0447\u0438 \u00AB\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u00BB. \u0422\u0430\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0447\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0456\u043D \u0448\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0445\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044F\u043A \u00AB\u0434\u043E\u0437\u0432\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0443\u043C\u0443 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u043A\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438\u043C\u00BB. \u0423 \u043F\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043A\u0430\u043D\u043E\u043D\u0456 \u0441\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0445\u0430 \u0456 \u0432\u0456\u043F\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0433\u043B\u044F\u0434\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0434\u043E\u044E \u044F\u043A \u0448\u043B\u044F\u0445 \u0434\u043E \u0437\u0432\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0442\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F \u0448\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0445\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0432\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u044E \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043E\u044E \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043E\u043F\u0430\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0432\u0456\u043F\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043D\u0438 \u2014 \u00AB\u043F\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0431\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F\u00BB \u0442\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A \u041C\u0430\u0445\u0430\u043C\u0443\u0434\u0440\u0438 \u0432 \u0446\u0456\u043B\u043E\u043C\u0443." , "lang" : "uk" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Lo \u015Aamatha (sanscrito, s.m.; p\u0101li, Samatha; cinese: \u6B62 zh\u01D0; giapponese: shi; coreano: \uC9C0 chi; vietnamita: chi; tibetano: \u0F5E\u0F72\u0F0B\u0F42\u0F53\u0F66, zhi gnas, zhi n\u00E9; lett. \"calma\", \"quiete\", \"quiescenza\"; in cinese anche \"fermarsi\") \u00E8, insieme alla Vipa\u015Byan\u0101, una delle due principali pratiche meditative proprie del buddhismo. Esso consiste nella coltivazione della calma e della tranquillit\u00E0 per mezzo della concentrazione mentale (Sam\u0101dhi). Grazie allo \u015Aamatha si pu\u00F2 generare la Vipa\u015Byan\u0101, l'intuizione profonda, che consente di scorgere la natura vera della realt\u00E0 e quindi di superare i condizionamenti causati dagli kle\u015Ba." , "lang" : "it" } ] ,
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      { "type" : "uri", "value" : "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pre-sectarian_Buddhism" } ,
      { "type" : "uri", "value" : "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Vipassana_movement" } ,
      { "type" : "uri", "value" : "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Vajrayana" } ,
      { "type" : "uri", "value" : "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Enlightenment" } ] ,
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      { "type" : "uri", "value" : "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Spiritual_faculties" } ,
      { "type" : "uri", "value" : "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Mindfulness_(Buddhism)" } ,
      { "type" : "uri", "value" : "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Buddhist_meditation" } ,
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      { "type" : "uri", "value" : "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Reality" } ] ,
    "http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract" : [ { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u6B62\uFF08\u5DF4\u5229\u8A9E\uFF1Asamatha\uFF0C\u68B5\u8A9E\uFF1A\u0936\u092E\u0925\uFF0C\u015Bamatha\uFF1B\u85CF\u6587\uFF1A\u0F5E\u0F72\u0F0B\u0F42\u0F53\u0F66\u0F0B\uFF0C\u5A01\u5229\u8F6C\u5199\uFF1Azhi gnas\uFF0C\u7F85\u99AC\u62FC\u97F3\uFF1Ashyin\u00E9\uFF09\uFF0C\u53C8\u8B6F\u70BA\u5BC2\u6B62\u3001\u6B62\u606F\u3001\u5BC2\u975C\u3001\u5BC2\u7B49\uFF0C\u97F3\u8B6F\u4F5C\u5962\u6469\u4ED6\u3001\u5962\u6469\u5B83\u3001\u820D\u6469\u4ED6\u3001\u5962\u6469\u9640\u3001\u820D\u6469\u9640\uFF0C\u4F5B\u6559\u8853\u8A9E\uFF0C\u662F\u4EE5\u5C08\u6CE8\u7684\u529B\u91CF\uFF0C\u5B89\u5B9A\u8EAB\u5FC3\uFF0C\u4EE5\u6C42\u9032\u5165\u4E09\u6627\u7684\u4FEE\u884C\u65B9\u6CD5\u3002 \u5962\u6469\u4ED6\u8207\u6BD7\u5A46\u820D\u90A3\u662F\u9054\u5230\u89E3\u812B\u7684\u5169\u7A2E\u4FEE\u884C\u6CD5\u9580\uFF0C\u662F\u4FEE\u884C\u79AA\u90A3\u7684\u5169\u7A2E\u65B9\u6CD5\u4E4B\u4E00\u3002\u6F22\u50B3\u4F5B\u6559\u4E2D\uFF0C\u5C07\u6B64\u4E8C\u8005\u5408\u7A31\u70BA\u6B62\u89C0\u3002" , "lang" : "zh" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u0428\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0445\u0430 (\u043F\u0430\u043B\u0438 samatha \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0440. \u0936\u092E\u0925, IAST: \u015Bamatha, \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u0431. \u0F5E\u0F72\u0F0B\u0F42\u0F53\u0F66, \u0412\u0430\u0439\u043B\u0438: \u0428\u0438\u043D\u044D, \u0431\u0443\u043A\u0432\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u2014 \u0443\u043C\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435, \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u043A\u043E\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435) \u2014 \u0442\u0438\u043F \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0434\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044F\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043B\u044C\u044E \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043A\u043E\u044F, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u044F\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F. \u0412 \u0442\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0434\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u043D\u043E \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0443 \u0441 \u0432\u0438\u043F\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0439 (\u0432\u0438\u043F\u0430\u0448\u044C\u044F\u043D\u043E\u0439), \u0438 \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043C\u0443 \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0448\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0445\u0430-\u0432\u0438\u043F\u0430\u0448\u044C\u044F\u043D\u0430. \u0428\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0445\u0430 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C\u044E \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430 \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A, \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0434\u0438\u0437\u043C\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043C \u00AB\u0441\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0434\u0445\u0438\u00BB. \u041F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0448\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0445\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043A\u0443 \u0443\u043C\u0430 \u0432 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0435, \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0433\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043A\u0443 \u0443\u043C\u0430 \u0434\u043B\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043F\u0430\u0448\u044C\u044F\u043D\u044B. \u0412\u0438\u043F\u0430\u0448\u044C\u044F\u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0443\u044E \u043C\u0443\u0434\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C (\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0436\u043D\u044F) \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u044B \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0434\u0445\u0430\u0440\u043C, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u044B \u0441\u043E\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u043C\u0430. \u0428\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0445\u0430 \u2014 \u0441\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0441\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043E, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u00AB\u0443\u043C\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0431\u044B\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u00BB. \u041F\u043E\u0434 \u00AB\u043F\u0440\u0435\u0431\u044B\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C\u00BB \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043C\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0441\u043A\u043E\u043B\u044C \u0443\u0433\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E \u0434\u043E\u043B\u0433\u043E\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0431\u044B\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u043C\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u043C \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0435. \u0412\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0431\u044A\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u043C \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u043C\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043D\u0438\u044F. \u0428\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0445\u0430 \u2014 \u044D\u0442\u043E \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F \u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C, \u044F\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043C\u044F\u0442\u0435\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0443\u043C\u0430. \u0421\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043B\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u043D\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0435\u0433\u043E \u043F\u043E\u043A\u043E\u044F (\u0441\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0434\u0445\u0438) \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0434\u044B \u043E\u0442 \u0430\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442\u043E\u0432, \u0436\u0435\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439, \u0437\u043B\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0440. \u043E\u043C\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439, \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043A\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043E\u0441\u0432\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043E\u0442 \u043A\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E-\u043B\u0438\u0431\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043D\u0435. \u041F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0448\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442\u0445\u0438 \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043E\u043C \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044B\u0440\u0435 \u0434\u0445\u044C\u044F\u043D\u044B \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044B\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043C\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0438." , "lang" : "ru" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\uC0AC\uB9C8\uD0C0(\u5962\u6469\u4ED6, Samatha)\uB294 \uACE0\uC694\uD568\uC744 \uAC1C\uBC1C\uD558\uB294 \uBD88\uAD50\uC758 \uBA85\uC0C1\uBC95\uC774\uB2E4. \uC704\uBE60\uC0AC\uB098\uAC00 \uAD00\uC870, \uAD00\uCC30\uC744 \uD558\uB294 \uBA85\uC0C1\uBC95\uC778 \uBC18\uBA74\uC5D0, \uC0AC\uB9C8\uD0C0\uB294 \uACE0\uC694\uD568, \uC801\uBA78, \uC0AC\uB9C8\uB514(\uC0BC\uB9E4)\uB97C \uBAA9\uD45C\uB85C \uD558\uB294 \uBA85\uC0C1\uC774\uB2E4. \uACC4\uC815\uD61C\uC0BC\uD559\uC758 \uC815\uC5D0 \uD574\uB2F9\uD558\uBA70, \uC9C0\uAD00\uC5D0\uC11C \uC9C0\uB97C \uC758\uBBF8\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC815\uC774\uB098 \uC9C0\uB294 \uC778\uB3C4\uC5B4 \uC0AC\uB9C8\uD0C0\uB97C \uD55C\uC5ED\uD55C \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4." , "lang" : "ko" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "\u015Aamatha (sanskryt), samatha (pali), szine (tyb. \u0F5E\u0F72\u0F0B\u0F42\u0F53\u0F66\u0F0B, Wylie: zhi gnas) \u2013 jedna z podstawowych technik medytacji w buddyzmie, polegaj\u0105ca na utrzymywaniu w spos\u00F3b ci\u0105g\u0142y uwa\u017Cno\u015Bci, poprzez skupienie na jakim\u015B obiekcie, co prowadzi do uspokojenia umys\u0142u. Nazwa pochodzi od sanskryckiego rdzenia \u201E\u015Bam-\u201D (spok\u00F3j, uspokaja\u0107) i \u201E(s)tha\u201D (pozostawa\u0107). Jest 40 mo\u017Cliwych obiekt\u00F3w medytacji: \n* 10 kasina \u2013 pathavi kasina (ziemia), apo kasina (woda), tejo kasina (ogie\u0144), vayo kasina (wiatr lub powietrze), aloka kasina (\u015Bwiat\u0142o), lohita kasina (czerwony), nila kasina (zielony), pita kasina (\u017C\u00F3\u0142ty), odata kasina (bia\u0142y), and akasa kasina (przestrze\u0144); \n* 10 asubha (dos\u0142. \u201Eobrzydliwo\u015Bci\u201D) \u2013 spuchni\u0119te zw\u0142oki, sine zw\u0142oki, ropiej\u0105ce zw\u0142oki, rozcz\u0142onkowane zw\u0142oki, pogryzione zw\u0142oki, rozrzucone zw\u0142oki, posiekane i rozrzucone zw\u0142oki, zw\u0142oki poplamione krwi\u0105, zw\u0142oki toczone przez robaki, szkielet; \n* 10 anussati (\u201Eprzypomnienia\u201D) \u2013 przypomnienie cnot Buddy, przypomnienie Dhammy, przypomnienie cnot Sanghi, kontemplacja w\u0142asnej moralno\u015Bci, kontemplacja w\u0142asnej wolno\u015Bci, kontemplacja cnot, kt\u00F3re pozwalaj\u0105 na zostanie bogiem, uwa\u017Cno\u015B\u0107 \u015Bmierci, kontemplacja 32 nieczystych cz\u0119\u015Bci cia\u0142a, uwa\u017Cno\u015B\u0107 oddechu, przypomnienie pokoju; \n* 4 appamanna (bezkresne stany umys\u0142u) \u2013 mi\u0142uj\u0105ca dobro\u0107, wsp\u00F3\u0142czucie, wsp\u00F3\u0142czuj\u0105ca rado\u015B\u0107, spok\u00F3j; \n* 4 arupa (bezpostaciowe kule) \u2013 kula niesko\u0144czonej przestrzeni, kula niesko\u0144czonej \u015Bwiadomo\u015Bci, kula nico\u015Bci, kula ani postrzegania, ani nie-postrzegania; \n* 1 dhatumanasikara \u2013 analiza czterech \u017Cywio\u0142\u00F3w; \n* 1 aharepatikula \u2013 obrzydliwo\u015B\u0107 jedzenia. Medytacja samatha ma dawa\u0107 trzy korzy\u015Bci: szcz\u0119\u015Bcie w obecnym \u017Cyciu, szcz\u0119\u015Bliwe odrodzenie i uwolnienie si\u0119 od umys\u0142owych skaz, co jest warunkiem uzyskania wgl\u0105du." , "lang" : "pl" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Shamatha (Sanskrit, auch \u015Aamatha, in Devanagari \u0936\u092E\u0925, \u201Aruhiges Verweilen\u2018; Pali Samatha; Tibetisch \u0F5E\u0F72\u0F0B\u0F42\u0F53\u0F66\u0F0B,Umschrift nach Wylie gzhi gnas) ist eine buddhistische Meditationstechnik. Sie kann mit \u201Eruhiges\u201C oder \u201Efriedvolles Verweilen\u201C \u00FCbersetzt werden. Es handelt sich um eine Meditationstechnik, welche u. a. der historische Buddha gelehrt hat.Elemente in ihrer fortschreitenden Entwicklung sind Jhana und Vipassana. Samatha-bhavana zielt auf die Entwicklung von Konzentration und damit auf die Stabilit\u00E4t des Geistes ab. Es k\u00F6nnen verschiedene Konzentrationsstufen erlangt werden wie \u201EAnf\u00E4ngliche\u201C oder \u201EZugangs-Konzentration\u201C (upacara samadhi) sowie tiefere Formen wie die Absorption des Geistes (apana samadhi) in den Versenkungstufen der Jhanas (pali) / \u201EDhyanas\u201C (sanskrit) oder die Konzentration von Moment zu Moment (khanika samadhi)." , "lang" : "de" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Samatha betekent 'kalm' of 'kalmte' in de taal Pali, en is een van de concepten of technieken die vaak gebruikt worden in de leer en beschrijving van meditatie in de Theravada traditie van het boeddhisme. Onder samatha-meditatie kunnen die vormen van meditatie worden verstaan, welke het kalmeren en concentreren van het bewustzijn als voornaamste doel hebben. Als de Boeddha meditatie onderwees dan onderwees hij voornamelijk de ontwikkeling van samadhi door middel van samatha-meditatie, als voorwaarde voor de ontwikkeling van inzicht. Samatha wordt op verschillende manieren begrepen en uitgelegd. In de Birmese traditie wordt de nadruk voornamelijk gelegd op vipassana meditatie (inzichtmeditatie) en wordt samatha meditatie in het begin gemeden. Mahasi Sayadaw, een van de voorvaderen van de hedendaagse vipassana traditie onderwees vipassana meditatie vanaf het begin in de veronderstelling dat samatha meditatie voor beginners te moeilijk zou zijn en enkel tot frustratie zou leiden, waarbij de beoefenaren op een later tijdstip alsnog over zouden moeten gaan op het ontwikkelen van concentratie. Als gevolg van de nadruk op vipassana wordt in de Birmese traditie soms verondersteld dat samatha geen toegevoegde waarde zou hebben omdat het niet direct tot inzicht voert. In Thailand wordt samatha benadrukt als een belangrijk onderdeel van de boeddhistische praktijk, en beschouwt men het als een hulpmiddel. Wanneer de geest echte kalmte bereikt heeft, kan men snelle en diepe resultaten boeken met vipassana-meditatie. Ajahn Chah vergeleek samatha en vipassana met de twee uiteinden van een stok. Wanneer men \u00E9\u00E9n uiteinde van de stok ver genoeg optilt, komt uiteindelijk ook het andere uiteinde van de stok van de grond. Vipassana en samatha gaan volgens hem dus samen en kunnen niet apart gehouden worden. Andere Thaise leraren, zoals Phramongkolthepmuni met zijn Dhammakaya-methode, maakten wel meer een onderscheid tussen samatha en vipassana, waarbij hij de beoefening van samatha onderwees als voorafgaand aan vipassana. Andere voorbeelden van samatha meditatie-vormen zijn metta meditatie, meditatie over de dood (marananusati), anapanasati (het observeren en volgen van de ademhaling) en de mantra Buddho. Belangrijke gerelateerde concepten zijn sam\u0101dhi en jh\u0101na." , "lang" : "nl" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Samatha (P\u0101li; Sanskrit: \u0936\u092E\u0925 \u015Bamatha'; Chinese: \u6B62; pinyin: zh\u01D0), \"calm,\" \"serenity,\" \"tranquillity of awareness,\" and vipassan\u0101 (P\u0101li; Sanskrit vipa\u015Byan\u0101), literally \"special, super (vi-), seeing (-passan\u0101)\", are two qualities of the mind developed in tandem in Buddhist practice. In the Pali Canon and the \u0100gama they are not specific practices, but elements of \"a single path,\" and \"fulfilled\" with the development (bh\u0101van\u0101) of sati (\"mindfulness\") and jhana/dhyana (\"meditation\") and other path-factors. While jhana/dhyana has a central role in the Buddhist path, vipassan\u0101 is hardly mentioned separately, but mostly described along with samatha. The Abhidhamma Pitaka and the commentaries describe samatha and vipassan\u0101 as two separate techniques, taking samatha to mean concentration-meditation, and vipassana as a practice to gain insight. In the Theravada-tradition, vipassan\u0101 is defined as a practice that seeks \"insight into the true nature of reality\", defined as anicca \"impermanence\", dukkha \"suffering, unsatisfactoriness\", anatt\u0101 \"non-self\", the three marks of existence. In the Mahayana-traditions vipassan\u0101 is defined as insight into \u015B\u016Bnyat\u0101 \"emptiness\" and Buddha-nature. In modern Theravada, the relation between samatha and vipassan\u0101 is a matter of dispute. Meditation-practice was reinvented in the Theravada tradition in the 18th-20th century, based on contemporary readings of the Satipa\u1E6D\u1E6Dh\u0101na sutta, the Visuddhimagga, and other texts, centering on vipassana and 'dry insight' and downplaying samatha. Vipassana became of central importance in the 20th century Vipassan\u0101 movement favoring vipassan\u0101 over samatha. Some critics point out that both are necessary elements of the Buddhist training, while other critics argue that dhyana is not a single-pointed concentration exercise." , "lang" : "en" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Lo \u015Aamatha (sanscrito, s.m.; p\u0101li, Samatha; cinese: \u6B62 zh\u01D0; giapponese: shi; coreano: \uC9C0 chi; vietnamita: chi; tibetano: \u0F5E\u0F72\u0F0B\u0F42\u0F53\u0F66, zhi gnas, zhi n\u00E9; lett. \"calma\", \"quiete\", \"quiescenza\"; in cinese anche \"fermarsi\") \u00E8, insieme alla Vipa\u015Byan\u0101, una delle due principali pratiche meditative proprie del buddhismo. Esso consiste nella coltivazione della calma e della tranquillit\u00E0 per mezzo della concentrazione mentale (Sam\u0101dhi). Grazie allo \u015Aamatha si pu\u00F2 generare la Vipa\u015Byan\u0101, l'intuizione profonda, che consente di scorgere la natura vera della realt\u00E0 e quindi di superare i condizionamenti causati dagli kle\u015Ba." , "lang" : "it" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Samatha (Pali), (Sanskerta: \u0936\u092E\u0925, \u015Bamatha) adalah praktik meditasi Buddhis (bh\u0101van\u0101) mengenai penenangan pikiran (citta) dan \u201Cformasi\u201D-nya (sa\u1E45khara). Hal ini dilakukan dengan menumbuhkan dan mengembangkan nilai luhur dalam diri, seperti (mett\u0101) cinta-kasih, (karuna) welas-asih, (s\u012Bla) kemoralan, (cagga) kedermawanan, dan lain sebagainya. Samatha umum ditemukan pada semua tradisi Buddhis." , "lang" : "in" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Samatha \u00E9 um termo usado dentro da medita\u00E7\u00E3o budista para designar o aspecto de treinamento que leva \u00E0 calma e concentra\u00E7\u00E3o. Dentro da tradi\u00E7\u00E3o Teravada muitos adotam a dualidade Vipassana/Samatha para ensinamento da pratica meditativa." , "lang" : "pt" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Samath\u00E1 (t\u00E9\u017E meditace klidu, \u0161amat\u00E1) je zp\u016Fsob meditace vedouc\u00ED k rozvoji klidu a soust\u0159ed\u011Bn\u00ED. Jedn\u00E1 se o zp\u016Fsob kultivace samm\u00E1 sam\u00E1dhi, tedy prav\u00E9ho soust\u0159ed\u011Bn\u00ED, jedn\u00E9 z \u010D\u00E1st\u00ED U\u0161lechtil\u00E9 osmid\u00EDln\u00E9 stezky. Medituj\u00EDc\u00ED se sna\u017E\u00ED s mysl\u00ED spo\u010Dinout u jedin\u00E9ho . Praktikov\u00E1n\u00ED meditace samath\u00E1 m\u016F\u017Ee medituj\u00EDc\u00EDho dov\u00E9st a\u017E ke d\u017Eh\u00E1n\u011B, hlubok\u00E9mu a vysoce soust\u0159ed\u011Bn\u00E9mu pohrou\u017Een\u00ED. Ekvivalent meditace samath\u00E1 lze nal\u00E9zt i v jin\u00FDch n\u00E1bo\u017Eensk\u00FDch tradic\u00EDch. Jedn\u00E1 se o medita\u010Dn\u00ED techniky, jejich\u017E p\u0159edm\u011Btem je dech, mantra, \u010D\u00E1st p\u00EDsma, n\u00E1bo\u017Eensk\u00FD obraz, imaginace, smrt, t\u011Blo nebo t\u0159eba k\u00E1men. Na rozd\u00EDl od meditace vipassan\u00E1 tak nen\u00ED samath\u00E1 striktn\u011B buddhistickou meditac\u00ED. B\u011Bhem meditace samath\u00E1 medituj\u00EDc\u00ED spo\u010D\u00EDv\u00E1 u p\u0159edm\u011Btu nebo my\u0161lenky a v p\u0159\u00EDpad\u011B, \u017Ee se mu mysl odklon\u00ED k jin\u00E9mu fenom\u00E9nu, zastav\u00ED ji a vr\u00E1t\u00ED zp\u011Bt k p\u016Fvodn\u00EDmu medita\u010Dn\u00EDmu p\u0159edm\u011Btu. Doba, po kterou je mysl schopna u medita\u010Dn\u00EDho p\u0159edm\u011Btu setrvat, se tr\u00E9ninkem prodlu\u017Euje a roste i klid mysli. Jako medita\u010Dn\u00ED p\u0159edm\u011Bt tradi\u010Dn\u011B slou\u017E\u00ED jeden z 40 p\u0159edm\u011Bt\u016F vyjmenovan\u00FDch Buddhou, nej\u010Dast\u011Bji sledov\u00E1n\u00ED dechu nebo barevn\u00FDch ter\u010D\u016F (disk\u016F o rozm\u011Bru v\u011Bt\u0161\u00EDho tal\u00ED\u0159e) tzv. . Meditace samath\u00E1 je krom\u011B therav\u00E1dov\u00E9 tradice hojn\u011B vyu\u017E\u00EDvan\u00E1 tak\u00E9 v buddhismu tibetsk\u00E9m a v Buddhismu \u010Cist\u00E9 zem\u011B." , "lang" : "cs" } ,
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      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Samatha (en pali) ou shamatha [\u0283amat\u032A\u02B0a] (en sanscrit : \u0936\u092E\u0925, IAST : \u015Bamatha), en tib\u00E9tain chin\u00E9 (\u0F5E\u0F72\u0F0B\u0F42\u0F53\u0F66\u0F0B), d\u00E9signe dans le bouddhisme la \u00AB tranquillit\u00E9 de l'esprit \u00BB, la \u00AB qui\u00E9tude \u00BB ou le \u00AB calme mental \u00BB, et par extension la premi\u00E8re \u00E9tape des pratiques de m\u00E9ditation bouddhique permettant de d\u00E9velopper cet \u00E9tat. La deuxi\u00E8me \u00E9tape de la m\u00E9ditation bouddhique est la pratique de vipassan\u0101, la \u00AB vue profonde \u00BB." , "lang" : "fr" } ,
      { "type" : "literal", "value" : "Samatha (P\u0101li) o \u015Bamatha\u200B (en s\u00E1nscrito, \u0936\u092E\u0925; en chino, \u6B62 zh\u01D0) es un t\u00E9rmino budista que a menudo se traduce como \"tranquilidad de la mente\" o \"calma mental\". El Canon Pali lo describe como una de las dos cualidades de la mente\u200Bque se desarrolla (bh\u0101van\u0101) en la meditaci\u00F3n budista, la otra es vipassana (percepci\u00F3n). Se dice que Samatha se logra practicando la meditaci\u00F3n de un solo punto. Esto incluye una variedad de t\u00E9cnicas para calmar la mente. Samatha es com\u00FAn a muchas tradiciones budistas." , "lang" : "es" } ,
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