. . . . "Turbulence de sillage"@fr . "Airplane flyover followed by wake turbulence"@en . "Zogturbulentie is de turbulentie die ontstaat in het zog van een vliegtuig. De zogturbulentie bevindt zich direct achter de beide vleugeltippen van een vliegtuig. Hoe meer liftkracht geleverd wordt, hoe groter de zogturbulentie achter het vliegtuig. Algemeen is dus te zeggen: hoe zwaarder het vliegtuig, hoe groter de turbulentie. De turbulentie veroorzaakt een werveling waardoor een volgend vliegtuig een ongewenste rolbeweging kan maken om de van het vliegtuig. De turbulentie kan zo groot zijn dat een volgend vliegtuig onvoldoende hoogte/tijd heeft om te herstellen van deze \"rol\" en neerstort."@nl . . . . "Wake turbulence"@en . "La turbolenza di scia (o wake turbulence in inglese) \u00E8 la turbolenza che si forma alle spalle di un aeromobile durante il suo movimento nell'aria. Comprende varie componenti i pi\u00F9 importanti dei quali sono i vortici d'estremit\u00E0 d'ala (wingtip vortices in inglese) e il jetwash. Il jetwash \u00E8 l'insieme delle masse d'aria espulse da un motore a getto; \u00E8 estremamente turbolento, ma di breve durata. Di contro, i vortici d'estremit\u00E0 d'ala sono molto pi\u00F9 stabili e possono permanere in aria fino a tre minuti dopo il passaggio di un aeromobile."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Bei Wirbelschleppen, auch Wirbelz\u00F6pfe oder Randwirbel genannt, handelt es sich um zopfartige, gegenl\u00E4ufig drehende Luftverwirbelungen hinter fliegenden Flugzeugen. Ihre Intensit\u00E4t ist vor allem vom Gewicht des Flugzeuges abh\u00E4ngig. Die Lebensdauer wird von Wind und Atmosph\u00E4re beeinflusst. Im Zentrum der Wirbel ist der Luftdruck vermindert. Bei hoher Luftfeuchtigkeit kann dort Kondensation einen schmalen, sichtbaren Streifen erzeugen, der direkt hinter den Fl\u00FCgelspitzen beginnt. Die Wirbelschleppe hinter einem Flugzeug gef\u00E4hrdet andere Flugzeuge und kann gar zu deren Absturz f\u00FChren. Die Gefahr ist umso gr\u00F6\u00DFer, je schwerer das vorausfliegende und je leichter das folgende Flugzeug ist. Deswegen muss bis zum n\u00E4chsten Start auf derselben Startbahn abgewartet werden, bis die Wirbel entweder vom Wind davongetragen wurden oder sich durch Luftreibung am Boden ausreichend abgeschw\u00E4cht haben. Das Gleiche gilt f\u00FCr die Landung. Diese Wartezeit ist ein wesentlicher Faktor f\u00FCr die maximale Kapazit\u00E4t eines Flugplatzes. Auf Reiseflugh\u00F6he kann die Wirbelschleppe eines schweren Flugzeugs sogar ein 300 Meter tiefer in entgegengesetzter Richtung fliegendes leichteres Flugzeug so hart treffen, dass die Piloten die Kontrolle verlieren."@de . . . . . "Esteira de turbul\u00EAncia"@pt . . . . . "La turbolenza di scia (o wake turbulence in inglese) \u00E8 la turbolenza che si forma alle spalle di un aeromobile durante il suo movimento nell'aria. Comprende varie componenti i pi\u00F9 importanti dei quali sono i vortici d'estremit\u00E0 d'ala (wingtip vortices in inglese) e il jetwash. Il jetwash \u00E8 l'insieme delle masse d'aria espulse da un motore a getto; \u00E8 estremamente turbolento, ma di breve durata. Di contro, i vortici d'estremit\u00E0 d'ala sono molto pi\u00F9 stabili e possono permanere in aria fino a tre minuti dopo il passaggio di un aeromobile."@it . "2011-06-05"^^ . "Zogturbulentie is de turbulentie die ontstaat in het zog van een vliegtuig. De zogturbulentie bevindt zich direct achter de beide vleugeltippen van een vliegtuig. Hoe meer liftkracht geleverd wordt, hoe groter de zogturbulentie achter het vliegtuig. Algemeen is dus te zeggen: hoe zwaarder het vliegtuig, hoe groter de turbulentie. De turbulentie veroorzaakt een werveling waardoor een volgend vliegtuig een ongewenste rolbeweging kan maken om de van het vliegtuig. De turbulentie kan zo groot zijn dat een volgend vliegtuig onvoldoende hoogte/tijd heeft om te herstellen van deze \"rol\" en neerstort."@nl . "\uD56D\uC801\uB09C\uAE30\uB958(\u822A\u8DE1\u4E82\u6C23\u6D41)\uB294 \uD68C\uC804\uD558\uB294 \uACF5\uAE30\uC758 \uD29C\uBE0C\uB85C \uB9AC\uD504\uD2B8 \uD798\uC744 \uBC1C\uC0DD\uC2DC\uD0A4\uACE0 \uB0A8\uACA8\uC9C4 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uBE44\uD589\uC775\uC0C1 \uC18C\uC6A9\uB3CC\uC774\uB294 \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uBE60\uB978 \uC18D\uB825\uC758 \uC18C\uC6A9\uB3CC\uC774 \uC2A4\uD540\uC758 \uC911\uC2EC\uC778 \uAC01 \uB0A0\uAC1C \uB05D\uC5D0\uC11C \uC2DC\uC791\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB4E4\uC740 \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uB0AE\uC740 \uAE30\uC555\uC758 \uC601\uC5ED\uC774\uB2E4. \uBE44\uD589\uC775\uC0C1 \uC18C\uC6A9\uB3CC\uC774\uC758 \uD575\uC2EC\uC740 \uB54C\uB85C \uC800\uAE30\uC555\uC5D0\uC11C \uC218\uC99D\uAE30\uC758 \uC751\uCD95 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0 \uB54C\uB54C\uB85C \uAD00\uCE21\uB41C\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "670783"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "\u5F8C\u65B9\u4E71\u6C17\u6D41\uFF08\u3053\u3046\u307B\u3046\u3089\u3093\u304D\u308A\u3085\u3046\u3001\u82F1: wake turbulence\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u822A\u7A7A\u6A5F\u306E\u904B\u822A\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5F15\u304D\u8D77\u3053\u3055\u308C\u308B\u4E71\u6C17\u6D41\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u305D\u306E\u4E2D\u306B\u306F\u7FFC\u306E\u4E0A\u4E0B\u9762\u306E\u5727\u529B\u5DEE\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u305D\u306E\u80CC\u5F8C\u306B\u767A\u751F\u3059\u308B\u6C17\u6D41\u306E\u6E26\uFF08\u7FFC\u7AEF\u6E26\uFF09\u3084\u3001\u30B8\u30A7\u30C3\u30C8\u30A8\u30F3\u30B8\u30F3\u306E\u3001\u30D8\u30EA\u30B3\u30D7\u30BF\u30FC\u306E\u30C0\u30A6\u30F3\u30A6\u30A9\u30C3\u30B7\u30E5\u306A\u3069\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . "La turbulence de sillage est une turbulence a\u00E9rodynamique qui se forme derri\u00E8re un a\u00E9ronef. Elle comprend les ph\u00E9nom\u00E8nes de jetwash et de tourbillon marginal. Le jetwash est d\u00FB aux gaz expuls\u00E9s par les r\u00E9acteurs. Il est extr\u00EAmement violent, mais de courte dur\u00E9e. \u00C0 l'inverse, le tourbillon marginal correspond \u00E0 des turbulences aux extr\u00E9mit\u00E9s des ailes et sur leur surface sup\u00E9rieure. Elles sont moins violentes, mais comme elles peuvent durer jusqu'\u00E0 trois minutes apr\u00E8s le passage d'un avion, elles sont une cause sournoise d'accidents d'avions."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . "Wirbelschleppe"@de . . . . . . . "Wake turbulence is a disturbance in the atmosphere that forms behind an aircraft as it passes through the air. It includes variety of elements, the most significant of which are wingtip vortices and jetwash. Jetwash refers to the rapidly moving gases expelled from a jet engine; it is extremely turbulent but of short duration. Wingtip vortices, however, are much more stable and can remain in the air for up to three minutes after the passage of an aircraft. It is therefore not true turbulence in the aerodynamic sense, as true turbulence would be chaotic. Instead, it refers to the similarity to atmospheric turbulence as experienced by an aircraft flying through this region of disturbed air."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1116849628"^^ . . . . . . "Turbolenza di scia"@it . "La turbulence de sillage est une turbulence a\u00E9rodynamique qui se forme derri\u00E8re un a\u00E9ronef. Elle comprend les ph\u00E9nom\u00E8nes de jetwash et de tourbillon marginal. Le jetwash est d\u00FB aux gaz expuls\u00E9s par les r\u00E9acteurs. Il est extr\u00EAmement violent, mais de courte dur\u00E9e. \u00C0 l'inverse, le tourbillon marginal correspond \u00E0 des turbulences aux extr\u00E9mit\u00E9s des ailes et sur leur surface sup\u00E9rieure. Elles sont moins violentes, mais comme elles peuvent durer jusqu'\u00E0 trois minutes apr\u00E8s le passage d'un avion, elles sont une cause sournoise d'accidents d'avions."@fr . . . . . . "Na aeron\u00E1utica, esteira de turbul\u00EAncia \u00E9 uma perturba\u00E7\u00E3o na atmosfera que se forma atr\u00E1s de uma aeronave quando esta se move atrav\u00E9s do ar. Ela inclui v\u00E1rios componentes, dos quais os mais importantes s\u00E3o os v\u00F3rtices de ponta de asa e os gases de escape. O termo \"gases de escape\" refere-se simplesmente aos gases que se movem rapidamente ao serem expelidos por um motor a jato - s\u00E3o extremamente turbulentos, mas de curta dura\u00E7\u00E3o. V\u00F3rtices de ponta de asa, entretanto, s\u00E3o muito mais est\u00E1veis e podem permanecer no ar por at\u00E9 tr\u00EAs minutos ap\u00F3s a passagem de uma aeronave. N\u00E3o \u00E9, no sentido aerodin\u00E2mico, uma verdadeira turbul\u00EAncia, pois n\u00E3o \u00E9 uma perturba\u00E7\u00E3o ca\u00F3tica do ar. Em vez disso, \u00E9 semelhante \u00E0 turbul\u00EAncia atmosf\u00E9rica sentida por uma aeronave voando em regi\u00E3o de ar perturbado."@pt . . "50.0"^^ . . . . . . "\uD56D\uC801\uB09C\uAE30\uB958"@ko . . "\u5F8C\u65B9\u4E71\u6C17\u6D41\uFF08\u3053\u3046\u307B\u3046\u3089\u3093\u304D\u308A\u3085\u3046\u3001\u82F1: wake turbulence\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u822A\u7A7A\u6A5F\u306E\u904B\u822A\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5F15\u304D\u8D77\u3053\u3055\u308C\u308B\u4E71\u6C17\u6D41\u306E\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u305D\u306E\u4E2D\u306B\u306F\u7FFC\u306E\u4E0A\u4E0B\u9762\u306E\u5727\u529B\u5DEE\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u305D\u306E\u80CC\u5F8C\u306B\u767A\u751F\u3059\u308B\u6C17\u6D41\u306E\u6E26\uFF08\u7FFC\u7AEF\u6E26\uFF09\u3084\u3001\u30B8\u30A7\u30C3\u30C8\u30A8\u30F3\u30B8\u30F3\u306E\u3001\u30D8\u30EA\u30B3\u30D7\u30BF\u30FC\u306E\u30C0\u30A6\u30F3\u30A6\u30A9\u30C3\u30B7\u30E5\u306A\u3069\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . "Zogturbulentie"@nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u5F8C\u65B9\u4E71\u6C17\u6D41"@ja . . . . . . . . "Wake turbulence is a disturbance in the atmosphere that forms behind an aircraft as it passes through the air. It includes variety of elements, the most significant of which are wingtip vortices and jetwash. Jetwash refers to the rapidly moving gases expelled from a jet engine; it is extremely turbulent but of short duration. Wingtip vortices, however, are much more stable and can remain in the air for up to three minutes after the passage of an aircraft. It is therefore not true turbulence in the aerodynamic sense, as true turbulence would be chaotic. Instead, it refers to the similarity to atmospheric turbulence as experienced by an aircraft flying through this region of disturbed air. Wingtip vortices occur when a wing is generating lift. Air from below the wing is drawn around the wingtip into the region above the wing by the lesser amount of pressure above the wing, causing a vortex to trail from each wingtip. The strength of wingtip vortices is determined primarily by the weight and airspeed of the aircraft. Wingtip vortices make up the primary and most dangerous component of wake turbulence. Wake turbulence is especially hazardous in the region behind an aircraft in the takeoff or landing phases of flight. During take-off and landing, an aircraft operates at a high angle of attack. This flight attitude maximizes the formation of strong vortices. In the vicinity of an airport, there can be multiple aircraft, all operating at low speed and low altitude; this provides an extra risk of wake turbulence with reduced height from which to recover from any upset."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Bei Wirbelschleppen, auch Wirbelz\u00F6pfe oder Randwirbel genannt, handelt es sich um zopfartige, gegenl\u00E4ufig drehende Luftverwirbelungen hinter fliegenden Flugzeugen. Ihre Intensit\u00E4t ist vor allem vom Gewicht des Flugzeuges abh\u00E4ngig. Die Lebensdauer wird von Wind und Atmosph\u00E4re beeinflusst. Im Zentrum der Wirbel ist der Luftdruck vermindert. Bei hoher Luftfeuchtigkeit kann dort Kondensation einen schmalen, sichtbaren Streifen erzeugen, der direkt hinter den Fl\u00FCgelspitzen beginnt."@de . . . . . "\uD56D\uC801\uB09C\uAE30\uB958(\u822A\u8DE1\u4E82\u6C23\u6D41)\uB294 \uD68C\uC804\uD558\uB294 \uACF5\uAE30\uC758 \uD29C\uBE0C\uB85C \uB9AC\uD504\uD2B8 \uD798\uC744 \uBC1C\uC0DD\uC2DC\uD0A4\uACE0 \uB0A8\uACA8\uC9C4 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uBE44\uD589\uC775\uC0C1 \uC18C\uC6A9\uB3CC\uC774\uB294 \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uBE60\uB978 \uC18D\uB825\uC758 \uC18C\uC6A9\uB3CC\uC774 \uC2A4\uD540\uC758 \uC911\uC2EC\uC778 \uAC01 \uB0A0\uAC1C \uB05D\uC5D0\uC11C \uC2DC\uC791\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB4E4\uC740 \uB9E4\uC6B0 \uB0AE\uC740 \uAE30\uC555\uC758 \uC601\uC5ED\uC774\uB2E4. \uBE44\uD589\uC775\uC0C1 \uC18C\uC6A9\uB3CC\uC774\uC758 \uD575\uC2EC\uC740 \uB54C\uB85C \uC800\uAE30\uC555\uC5D0\uC11C \uC218\uC99D\uAE30\uC758 \uC751\uCD95 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0 \uB54C\uB54C\uB85C \uAD00\uCE21\uB41C\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . "37653"^^ . . . . . . . "Na aeron\u00E1utica, esteira de turbul\u00EAncia \u00E9 uma perturba\u00E7\u00E3o na atmosfera que se forma atr\u00E1s de uma aeronave quando esta se move atrav\u00E9s do ar. Ela inclui v\u00E1rios componentes, dos quais os mais importantes s\u00E3o os v\u00F3rtices de ponta de asa e os gases de escape. O termo \"gases de escape\" refere-se simplesmente aos gases que se movem rapidamente ao serem expelidos por um motor a jato - s\u00E3o extremamente turbulentos, mas de curta dura\u00E7\u00E3o. V\u00F3rtices de ponta de asa, entretanto, s\u00E3o muito mais est\u00E1veis e podem permanecer no ar por at\u00E9 tr\u00EAs minutos ap\u00F3s a passagem de uma aeronave. N\u00E3o \u00E9, no sentido aerodin\u00E2mico, uma verdadeira turbul\u00EAncia, pois n\u00E3o \u00E9 uma perturba\u00E7\u00E3o ca\u00F3tica do ar. Em vez disso, \u00E9 semelhante \u00E0 turbul\u00EAncia atmosf\u00E9rica sentida por uma aeronave voando em regi\u00E3o de ar perturbado. V\u00F3rtices de ponta de asa ocorrem quando uma asa gera sustenta\u00E7\u00E3o. O ar abaixo da asa escorre da regi\u00E3o da ponta da asa para cima, em dire\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E0 \u00E1rea de baixa press\u00E3o acima da asa, gerando v\u00F3rtices na traseira da asa. A for\u00E7a dos v\u00F3rtices \u00E9 determinada principalmente pelo peso e velocidade da aeronave. V\u00F3rtices de ponta de asa s\u00E3o os componentes prim\u00E1rios e mais perigosos de uma esteira de turbul\u00EAncia. A esteira de turbul\u00EAncia \u00E9 especialmente perigosa na traseira de uma aeronave durante o pouso ou decolagem. Durante pousos e decolagens, a aeronave opera em um elevado \u00E2ngulo de ataque. A atitude de voo da aeronave maximiza a forma\u00E7\u00E3o de fortes v\u00F3rtices. Pode haver muitas aeronaves ao redor de um aeroporto, todas voando em baixas velocidades e baixas altitudes, provendo um risco extra de esteira de turbul\u00EAncia e deixando uma pequena margem para as aeronaves se recuperarem de seus efeitos."@pt .

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