| dbo:abstract
|
- الاقتراح 12 هو اقتراح اقتراع كاليفورنيا في الإنتخابات العامة لتلك الولاية في 6 نوفمبر 2018. كان الإجراء بهدف منع المعاملة القاسية لحيوانات المزرعة. تم اعتماد الإجراء بالتصويت، 63% نعم إلى 37% لا. يحدد الإقتراح الحد الأدنى الجديد من المتطلبات التي يجب على المزارعين توفيرها، ومن بينها توفير مساحة أكبر للدجاج المنتج للبيض، تريبية الخنازير، والعجول التي تم تربيتها من أجل اللحم. على أن يتم حظر أعمال كاليفورنيا من بيع البيض أو لحم الخنزيرأو لحم العجل غير المطبوخ في حال عدم مطابقة هذه المعايير. (ar)
- Proposition 12 ("Prop 12") was a California ballot proposition in that state's general election on November 6, 2018. The measure was self-titled the Prevention of Cruelty to Farm Animals Act. The measure passed, by a vote of about 63% Yes to 37% No. The proposition establishes new minimum requirements on farmers to provide more space for egg-laying hens, breeding pigs, and calves raised for veal. California businesses will be banned from selling eggs or uncooked pork or veal that came from animals housed in ways that did not meet these requirements. The ballot measure aimed to build upon and strengthen the requirements of a previous ballot measure, the 2008 California Proposition 2, which prohibited battery cages and gestation crates for animals in California, and required that pigs, hens, and calves be able to spread their wings or limbs and turn around. The California legislature in 2010 passed AB 1437, which required all shell eggs sold in the state to meet the same requirements, including those produced elsewhere. Proposition 12 closed loopholes in these laws by requiring the same for all eggs and pork sold in the state, regardless of the form it was sold in (i.e. both shell eggs and liquid eggs), and the state where it was produced. The egg industry has largely complied with the law. However, despite the resounding success at the ballot box, the pork industry unsuccessfully sued to block implementation of the law. In June 2021, the Supreme Court of the United States rejected a lawsuit from the North American Meat Institute to stop the law. The Meat Institute had argued that Prop 12 violated the Commerce Clause of the US Constitution, but this argument was rejected because Prop 12 holds in-state and out-of-state producers to the same standard. The law was implemented on January 1, 2022. On January 25, 2022, a judge ordered a temporary halt to enforcement of the prohibition on pork from gestation crates, for 180 days, pending development of final regulations by the California Department of Food and Agriculture, to give producers more time to comply. The CDFA also needed more time to comply with a lawsuit filed by animal activists, who wanted to increase stringency of the regulations. The American Farm Bureau Federation and the National Pork Producers Council are again asking the Supreme Court to overturn the law, in another lawsuit similar to the ones that have previously been rejected. (en)
|
