About: Berlin to Kitchener name change

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The city of Berlin, Ontario, changed its name to Kitchener by referendum in May and June 1916. Named in 1833 after the capital of Prussia and later the German Empire, the name Berlin became unsavoury for residents after Britain and Canada's entry into the First World War.

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  • The city of Berlin, Ontario, changed its name to Kitchener by referendum in May and June 1916. Named in 1833 after the capital of Prussia and later the German Empire, the name Berlin became unsavoury for residents after Britain and Canada's entry into the First World War. In the 19th and 20th centuries, most residents of Berlin and neighbouring Waterloo were of German origin. The towns and their citizens lived peacefully and enjoyed a unique blend of German and British culture. Following Britain and Canada's entry into war against Germany in August 1914, German Canadians experienced increasing anti-German sentiment. In early 1916, business and community leaders began pushing for Berlin to either seek a new name or amalgamate with Waterloo. Rising tension in the community culminated in soldiers of the local 118th Battalion ransacking German social clubs and attacking an outspoken German Lutheran preacher. In a vote characterized by intimidation, the 19 May 1916 referendum on whether to change the city name decided "yes" by a slim margin. A vote held the following month to determine a replacement name saw lower voter turnout. The vote settled on Kitchener, named for the recently deceased British Army officer Horatio Herbert Kitchener. Kitchener prevailed in a tight race over the only serious competitor, Brock—for Isaac Brock, a British-Canadian military leader in the War of 1812. The city officially changed names on 1 September 1916. Towns across the English-speaking world retreated from their German culture during the First World War, with similar cases seen in the United States and Australia. The Berlin–Kitchener change distinguished itself by the levels of violence and protest. The name change failed to assuage outside suspicion of the city and its German population, propelled partly by opponents unsuccessfully petitioning the Ontario Government to stop the change from proceeding as well as the election of an anti-conscription candidate in Waterloo North in the 1917 federal election. After the war, the city experienced a decline in its German culture with German Canadians being culturally assimilated into the broader Canadian identity. (en)
  • 1916年5至6月，加拿大安大略省城市柏林举办全民公投，把市名改成基秦拿。该市1833年以普魯士和后来的德意志帝國首都命名，但随着英国和加拿大投身第一次世界大战，“柏林”之名引起市民厌憎。 1916年5月19日的公决投票率很高但充斥恐吓等操纵行径，结果以微弱多数决定更名。一个月后举办的定名公决投票率下降，最后确定以不久前死于德军水雷的英国陆军元帅第一代基奇纳伯爵赫伯特·基奇纳命名。1916年9月1日，柏林正式更名基奇纳。 柏林与附近的滑铁卢19至20世纪大部分居民是德裔，与其他族裔和乐融融，形成日耳曼与不列颠文化的独特组合。1914年8月英国和加拿大投身对抗德国的战争后，感受的反德情绪日渐高昂。1916年初，商界与社区领袖推动柏林更名或并入滑铁卢。日益紧张的社区局势在当地军人洗劫德裔社交俱乐部、攻击直言不讳的德裔信義宗牧师之际达到巅峰。 一战期间，英语世界的日耳曼文化普遍消退，美国与澳大利亚发生类似案例，但柏林更名基奇纳因充斥暴力和抗议示威与众不同。更名不足以打消外界对该市、特别是市内德裔居民的疑虑，这其中无疑还有反对人士向安大略省政府呈请中止更名程序、在中把反对征兵的候选人推上台等因素影响。基奇纳的日耳曼文化在战争结束后消退，德裔加拿大人在文化上朝更广义的同化。 (zh)
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  • 1916-05-19 (xsd:date)
  • 2015-09-13 (xsd:date)
  • 2015-09-29 (xsd:date)
  • 2020-11-09 (xsd:date)
  • 2021-01-10 (xsd:date)
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  • note (en)
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  • Berlin, Ontario, Canada (en)
dbp:name
  • "Bust thrown" (en)
  • Berlin name change referendum, 1916 (en)
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  • 1488 (xsd:integer)
dbp:notes
  • Source: (en)
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  • Are you in favour of changing the name of this city? (en)
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  • 1916年5至6月，加拿大安大略省城市柏林举办全民公投，把市名改成基秦拿。该市1833年以普魯士和后来的德意志帝國首都命名，但随着英国和加拿大投身第一次世界大战，“柏林”之名引起市民厌憎。 1916年5月19日的公决投票率很高但充斥恐吓等操纵行径，结果以微弱多数决定更名。一个月后举办的定名公决投票率下降，最后确定以不久前死于德军水雷的英国陆军元帅第一代基奇纳伯爵赫伯特·基奇纳命名。1916年9月1日，柏林正式更名基奇纳。 柏林与附近的滑铁卢19至20世纪大部分居民是德裔，与其他族裔和乐融融，形成日耳曼与不列颠文化的独特组合。1914年8月英国和加拿大投身对抗德国的战争后，感受的反德情绪日渐高昂。1916年初，商界与社区领袖推动柏林更名或并入滑铁卢。日益紧张的社区局势在当地军人洗劫德裔社交俱乐部、攻击直言不讳的德裔信義宗牧师之际达到巅峰。 一战期间，英语世界的日耳曼文化普遍消退，美国与澳大利亚发生类似案例，但柏林更名基奇纳因充斥暴力和抗议示威与众不同。更名不足以打消外界对该市、特别是市内德裔居民的疑虑，这其中无疑还有反对人士向安大略省政府呈请中止更名程序、在中把反对征兵的候选人推上台等因素影响。基奇纳的日耳曼文化在战争结束后消退，德裔加拿大人在文化上朝更广义的同化。 (zh)
  • The city of Berlin, Ontario, changed its name to Kitchener by referendum in May and June 1916. Named in 1833 after the capital of Prussia and later the German Empire, the name Berlin became unsavoury for residents after Britain and Canada's entry into the First World War. (en)
rdfs:label
  • Berlin to Kitchener name change (en)
  • 柏林更名基奇纳 (zh)
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