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The history of hospitals began in antiquity with hospitals in Greece, the Roman Empire and on the Indian subcontinent as well, starting with precursors in the Asclepian temples in ancient Greece and then the military hospitals in ancient Rome. The Greek temples were dedicated to the sick and infirm but did not look anything like modern hospitals. The Romans did not have dedicated, public hospitals. Public hospitals, per se, did not exist until the Christian period. Towards the end of the 4th century, the "second medical revolution" took place with the founding of the first Christian hospital in the eastern Byzantine Empire by Basil of Caesarea, and within a few decades, such hospitals had become ubiquitous in Byzantine society. The hospital would undergo development and progress throughout

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  • امتد تاريخ المستشفيات لأكثر من 2500 سنة. (ar)
  • The history of hospitals began in antiquity with hospitals in Greece, the Roman Empire and on the Indian subcontinent as well, starting with precursors in the Asclepian temples in ancient Greece and then the military hospitals in ancient Rome. The Greek temples were dedicated to the sick and infirm but did not look anything like modern hospitals. The Romans did not have dedicated, public hospitals. Public hospitals, per se, did not exist until the Christian period. Towards the end of the 4th century, the "second medical revolution" took place with the founding of the first Christian hospital in the eastern Byzantine Empire by Basil of Caesarea, and within a few decades, such hospitals had become ubiquitous in Byzantine society. The hospital would undergo development and progress throughout Byzantine, medieval European and Islamic societies from the 5th to the 15th century. European exploration brought hospitals to colonies in North America, Africa, and Asia. Early Chinese and Japanese hospitals were established by Western missionaries in the 1800s. In the early modern era care and healing would transition into a secular affair in the West for many hospitals. During World War I and World War II, many military hospitals and hospital innovations were created. Government run hospitals increased in Korea, Japan, China, and the Middle East after World War II. In the late 1900s and 21st century, hospital networks and government health organizations were formed to manage groups of hospitals to control costs and share resources. Many smaller, less efficient hospitals in the West were closed because they could not be sustained. (en)
  • L'histoire de l'hôpital proprement dit commence dès le VIe siècle, quand il devient une institution. Ce n'est qu'au VIIIe siècle que l'hôpital est créé officiellement, repris au Moyen Âge par l'Église. Il prend son sens avec les Croisades et l'arrivée de grandes épidémies puis l'accueil des pauvres et des exclus. L'hôpital est assimilé à l'hospice. La médicalisation qui se met en place à la fin du XVIIIe siècle engendre nombre de conflits avec le personnel religieux mais va progressivement faire apparaître l'établissement de soins que nous connaissons. (fr)
  • La storia degli ospedali inizia nell'antichità con alcune strutture religiose o militari dell'Antica Grecia e dell'Impero Romano, ma anche del subcontinente indiano. I precursori degli ospedali furono infatti i templi asclepiani dell'antica Grecia e poi gli ospedali militari dell'antica Roma: i templi greci erano dedicati agli ammalati e agli infermi, ma non somigliavano affatto ai moderni ospedali, mentre i Romani non avevano ospedali pubblici civili, ma soltanto militari. Infatti, l'ospedale pubblico come tale non è esistito fino all'avvento del Cristianesimo: verso la fine del IV secolo, si ebbe la fondazione del primo ospedale cristiano nell'Impero Romano d'Oriente da parte di Basilio di Cesarea: dopo il primo, nel giro di pochi decenni l'ospedale si era diffuso universalmente nella società bizantina, dunque anche a Roma, dove il primo nosocomio fu fondato da Fabiola, e nel resto d'Italia, in Oriente e in Nord Africa. L'ospedale avrebbe poi avuto un ulteriore sviluppo e diffusione non solo nella società bizantina, ma da essa si diffuse in tutte le società medievali europee e islamiche dal V al XV secolo. L'età delle esplorazioni geografiche degli Europei esportò gradualmente gli ospedali occidentali nelle nuove colonie in Nord America, Africa e Asia. Essi si affiancarono ai luoghi di cura delle tradizioni locali: in Asia i templi buddhisti e i monasteri erano infatti anche luoghi di cura. All'inizio dell'era moderna la cura e la guarigione sarebbero diventate un ambito secolare in Occidente per molti ospedali. Durante la prima e la seconda guerra mondiale furono creati molti ospedali militari e furono trovare molte innovazioni in ambito ospedaliero. Dopo la seconda guerra mondiale, gli ospedali gestiti dai governi sono aumentati di numero in Corea, Giappone, Cina e Medio Oriente. Verso la fine del XX secolo, si formarono reti ospedaliere e organizzazioni sanitarie governative per controllare meglio i costi dei vari gruppi di ospedali e condividerne le risorse; in Occidente molti ospedali più piccoli e meno efficienti sono stati chiusi perché non venivano considerati sostenibili. (it)
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  • امتد تاريخ المستشفيات لأكثر من 2500 سنة. (ar)
  • L'histoire de l'hôpital proprement dit commence dès le VIe siècle, quand il devient une institution. Ce n'est qu'au VIIIe siècle que l'hôpital est créé officiellement, repris au Moyen Âge par l'Église. Il prend son sens avec les Croisades et l'arrivée de grandes épidémies puis l'accueil des pauvres et des exclus. L'hôpital est assimilé à l'hospice. La médicalisation qui se met en place à la fin du XVIIIe siècle engendre nombre de conflits avec le personnel religieux mais va progressivement faire apparaître l'établissement de soins que nous connaissons. (fr)
  • The history of hospitals began in antiquity with hospitals in Greece, the Roman Empire and on the Indian subcontinent as well, starting with precursors in the Asclepian temples in ancient Greece and then the military hospitals in ancient Rome. The Greek temples were dedicated to the sick and infirm but did not look anything like modern hospitals. The Romans did not have dedicated, public hospitals. Public hospitals, per se, did not exist until the Christian period. Towards the end of the 4th century, the "second medical revolution" took place with the founding of the first Christian hospital in the eastern Byzantine Empire by Basil of Caesarea, and within a few decades, such hospitals had become ubiquitous in Byzantine society. The hospital would undergo development and progress throughout (en)
  • La storia degli ospedali inizia nell'antichità con alcune strutture religiose o militari dell'Antica Grecia e dell'Impero Romano, ma anche del subcontinente indiano. I precursori degli ospedali furono infatti i templi asclepiani dell'antica Grecia e poi gli ospedali militari dell'antica Roma: i templi greci erano dedicati agli ammalati e agli infermi, ma non somigliavano affatto ai moderni ospedali, mentre i Romani non avevano ospedali pubblici civili, ma soltanto militari. (it)
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  • تاريخ المستشفيات (ar)
  • History of hospitals (en)
  • Storia degli ospedali (it)
  • Histoire de l'hôpital (fr)
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