The Inertial number is a dimensionless quantity which quantifies the significance of dynamic effects on the flow of a granular material. It measures the ratio of inertial forces of grains to imposed forces: a small value corresponds to the quasi-static state, while a high value corresponds to the inertial state or even the "dynamic" state. It is given by: where is the shear rate, the average particle diameter, is the pressure and is the density. Generally three regimes are distinguished: * : quasi static flow * : dense flow * : collisional flow
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