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- La locomoció terrestre ha evolucionat en la mesura que els animals es van adaptar a un entorn terrestre, passant de medis aquàtics a medis terrestres. La locomoció terrestre presenta una sèrie de característiques i problemes diferents del desplaçament en ambients aquàtics; així, una menor fricció és reemplaçada per un augment en els efectes de la força de gravetat. Els animals terrestres tenen tres formes bàsiques de locomoció:
* Locomoció mitjançant potes o extremitats. Desplaçament utilitzant els seus membres o apèndixs.
* Locomoció sense extremitats. Desplaçament sense cames, principalment mitjançant l'ús del cos mateix com a estructura de propulsió.
* Rodolant el cos sobre el substrat. (ca)
- Surtera moviĝo evoluiĝis, de kiam bestoj adaptiĝis de akva al tera medio. La problemoj inter bestaj moviĝoj enakva kaj surtera malsamas, tiel surtere malgrandiĝis frotado, sed grandiĝis la efikoj de gravito. (eo)
- La locomoción terrestre ha evolucionado en la medida que los animales se adaptaron al pasar de medios acuáticos a terrestres. La locomoción terrestre posee una serie de características y problemas distintos del desplazamiento en ambientes acuáticos, la menor importancia relativa de la fricción es reemplazada por un aumento en los efectos de la fuerza de gravedad. Los animales terrestres poseen tres formas básicas de locomoción
* Locomoción mediante piernas - Desplazamiento utilizando sus miembros o apéndices
* Locomoción sin miembros - Desplazamiento sin piernas, principalmente mediante el uso del cuerpo mismo como estructura de propulsión.
* Rodado - rodado del cuerpo sobre el substrato (es)
- Terrestrial locomotion has evolved as animals adapted from aquatic to terrestrial environments. Locomotion on land raises different problems than that in water, with reduced friction being replaced by the increased effects of gravity. As viewed from evolutionary taxonomy, there are three basic forms of animal locomotion in the terrestrial environment:
* – moving by using appendages
* – moving without legs, primarily using the body itself as a propulsive structure.
* – rotating the body over the substrate Some terrains and terrestrial surfaces permit or demand alternative locomotive styles. A sliding component to locomotion becomes possible on slippery surfaces (such as ice and snow), where location is aided by potential energy, or on loose surfaces (such as sand or scree), where friction is low but purchase (traction) is difficult. Humans, especially, have adapted to sliding over terrestrial snowpack and terrestrial ice by means of ice skates, snow skis, and toboggans. Aquatic animals adapted to polar climates, such as ice seals and penguins also take advantage of the slipperiness of ice and snow as part of their locomotion repertoire. Beavers are known to take advantage of a mud slick known as a "beaver slide" over a short distance when passing from land into a lake or pond. Human locomotion in mud is improved through the use of cleats. Some snakes use an unusual method of movement known as sidewinding on sand or loose soil. Animals caught in terrestrial mudflows are subject to involuntary locomotion; this may be beneficial to the distribution of species with limited locomotive range under their own power. There is less opportunity for passive locomotion on land than by sea or air, though parasitism (hitchhiking) is available toward this end, as in all other habitats. Many species of monkeys and apes use a form of arboreal locomotion known as brachiation, with forelimbs as the prime mover. Some elements of the gymnastic sport of uneven bars resemble brachiation, but most adult humans do not have the upper body strength required to sustain brachiation. Many other species of arboreal animal with tails will incorporate their tails into the locomotion repertoire, if only as a minor component of their suspensory behaviors. Locomotion on irregular, steep surfaces require agility and dynamic balance known as sure-footedness. Mountain goats are famed for navigating vertiginous mountainsides where the least misstep could lead to a fatal fall. Many species of animals must sometimes locomote while safely conveying their young. Most often this task is performed by adult females. Some species are specially adapted to conveying their young without occupying their limbs, such as marsupials with their special pouch. In other species, the young are carried on the mother's back, and the offspring have instinctual clinging behaviours. Many species incorporate specialized transportation behaviours as a component of their locomotion repertoire, such as the dung beetle when rolling a ball of dung, which combines both rolling and limb-based elements. The remainder of this article focuses on the anatomical and physiological distinctions involving terrestrial locomotion from the taxonomic perspective. (en)
- Per locomozione terrestre si intende la capacità di un organismo di muoversi sulla terraferma. Essa si è sviluppata nel corso dell'evoluzione con il passaggio dei primi animali dall'ambiente acquatico a quello terrestre.Questo passaggio ha posto problemi non indifferenti, e ha portato le specie ad adattarsi alle nuove condizioni di un ambiente completamente diverso da quello acquatico, primo fra tutti quello della forza di gravità. Ci sono tre forme base di locomozione terrestre:
* - Avviene grazie all'uso di arti o appendici.
* - in cui il movimento avviene senza l'uso degli arti appositi, ma utilizzando il corpo stesso come struttura propulsiva.
* - il movimento avviene ruotando il corpo e sfruttando l'attrito con il terreno. (it)
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- Surtera moviĝo evoluiĝis, de kiam bestoj adaptiĝis de akva al tera medio. La problemoj inter bestaj moviĝoj enakva kaj surtera malsamas, tiel surtere malgrandiĝis frotado, sed grandiĝis la efikoj de gravito. (eo)
- La locomoció terrestre ha evolucionat en la mesura que els animals es van adaptar a un entorn terrestre, passant de medis aquàtics a medis terrestres. La locomoció terrestre presenta una sèrie de característiques i problemes diferents del desplaçament en ambients aquàtics; així, una menor fricció és reemplaçada per un augment en els efectes de la força de gravetat. Els animals terrestres tenen tres formes bàsiques de locomoció: (ca)
- La locomoción terrestre ha evolucionado en la medida que los animales se adaptaron al pasar de medios acuáticos a terrestres. La locomoción terrestre posee una serie de características y problemas distintos del desplazamiento en ambientes acuáticos, la menor importancia relativa de la fricción es reemplazada por un aumento en los efectos de la fuerza de gravedad. Los animales terrestres poseen tres formas básicas de locomoción (es)
- Terrestrial locomotion has evolved as animals adapted from aquatic to terrestrial environments. Locomotion on land raises different problems than that in water, with reduced friction being replaced by the increased effects of gravity. As viewed from evolutionary taxonomy, there are three basic forms of animal locomotion in the terrestrial environment:
* – moving by using appendages
* – moving without legs, primarily using the body itself as a propulsive structure.
* – rotating the body over the substrate (en)
- Per locomozione terrestre si intende la capacità di un organismo di muoversi sulla terraferma. Essa si è sviluppata nel corso dell'evoluzione con il passaggio dei primi animali dall'ambiente acquatico a quello terrestre.Questo passaggio ha posto problemi non indifferenti, e ha portato le specie ad adattarsi alle nuove condizioni di un ambiente completamente diverso da quello acquatico, primo fra tutti quello della forza di gravità. Ci sono tre forme base di locomozione terrestre: (it)
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