dbo:abstract
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- The tornado outbreak sequence of March 1913 was a devastating series of tornado outbreaks that affected the northern Great Plains, the Southern United States, and sections of the upper Midwest over a two-day-long period between March 21–23, 1913. Composed of two outbreaks, the sequence first began with a tornado outbreak that commenced in Mississippi early on March 21. Several significant tornadoes occurred, one of which killed seven people in one family and another destroyed much of Lower Peach Tree, Alabama, with 27 deaths all in that town. The tornado at Lower Peach Tree is estimated to have been equivalent to a violent F4 tornado on the Fujita scale, based upon damage accounts. The tornadoes occurred between 0630–1030 UTC, or pre-dawn local time, perhaps accounting for the high number of fatalities—a common trend in tornadoes in the Dixie Alley. In all, tornadoes in Mississippi, Georgia, and Alabama killed 48 people, perhaps more, that day and injured at least 150 people. March 23, Easter Sunday, was the most violent tornado outbreak to affect the northern Great Plains on so early a date in the year—a record that still stands as of 2020. That day, four F4 tornadoes affected portions of eastern Nebraska and western Iowa, killing at least 168 people. The deadliest tornado of the day was a potent F4 tornado that grew to 0.25 miles (440 yd) in width as it passed through northern Omaha, Nebraska, killing at least 94 people in the city proper and three in rural areas. Damage in Omaha reached at least F4, possibly even F5, intensity, though confirmation of F5 damage could not be determined from available evidence. The tornado is the 13th deadliest ever to affect the United States and the deadliest to hit the U.S. state of Nebraska as of 2014. No other violent tornado would affect Omaha for another 62 years. Outside the Great Plains, the outbreak of March 23 also produced two other F4 tornadoes, one each in Missouri and Indiana, including a devastating path more than .5 mi (880 yd) through southern Terre Haute, Indiana, killing 21 people and injuring 250. In all, the two consecutive outbreaks killed at least 241 people and caused at least 19 tornadoes, though only significant events were recorded and other, weaker tornadoes may have gone undetected. The outbreak sequence also produced seven violent tornadoes, nearly half the documented total of tornadoes for the sequence. Tornadoes struck Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Michigan, and Indiana. At least $9.68 million in damages were reported. (en)
- Il tornado di Pasqua di Omaha colpì la città di Omaha, Nebraska alle ore 6:00 pm circa del 23 marzo 1913. Un'enorme perturbazione atmosferica generatrice di tornado si diresse velocemente attraverso il Nebraska, e sopra la prosperosa città di Omaha. Il fronte della tempesta fu riportato essere lungo 64 km e largo da 400 a 800 m, e comprendeva 8 distinti tornado. La domenica di Pasqua ad Omaha iniziò sotto un cielo nuvoloso. C'era minaccia di pioggia, ma non piovve mai sulla città, e a mezzogiorno il cielo si schiarì come quando il sole spunta dalle nubi. Nel pomeriggio il cielo si scurì di nuovo quando un enorme sistema temporalesco si spostò nell'area dal Nebraska occidentale. La perturbazione portò la neve sui Colorado Rockies e venti forti a Denver la domenica mattina. Alle 5:20 pm il primo tornado della tempesta colpì appena fuori da Craig, Nebraska, viaggiando in Iowa senza causare danni gravi. Un secondo tornado arrivò, alle 5:30 circa, vicino Ithaca, causando le prime distruzioni del giorno quando passò attraverso Yutan. Seguirono altri due tornado rurali. Alle 5:45 un tornado toccò terra vicino a Kramer; poi si spostò a nordest e giunse alle porte di Omaha alle 6:00 circa. Il tornado di Omaha seguì il percorso del torrente Little Papillion quando entrò nella città. Esso si spostò attraverso il lato occidentale della città lungo la ferrovia Missouri Pacific, distruggendo le piccole casette degli operai in quell'area. Il tornado fu così potente che i vagoni d'acciaio del treno vennero poi trovati perforati dal legname delle case distrutte. Poco dopo la tromba d'aria che raggiunse Dewey Avenue era larga cinque isolati. Arrivata a Farnam Hill essa seguì una piccola valle attraverso questa zona. Anche le case più grandi di Farnam non ebbero scampo al vento, e molte furono distrutte. Altre furono poi ritrovate tagliate a metà, con i tubi e le travi penzolanti per aria. In 24^ e Lake street una grande folla stava assistendo ad uno spettacolo al cinema Diamond Moving; il tornado abbatté l'edificio. Altre strutture in mattoni di questo quartiere commerciale finirono così, e molte persone perirono qui più che in altre parti di Omaha. Un tram che percorreva la 24^ Street incontrò il tornado vicino a questa zona; grazie alla pronta azione del conducente Ord Hensley tutti i passeggeri sopravvissero. Il tornado, di forza 4, rasentò il centro della città e si spostò sul fiume Missouri fino a Council Bluffs; a questo punto stava perdendo forza, e sebbene Council Bluffs riportò dei danni, essa scampò la distruzione che colpì Omaha. L'unico preavviso che si ebbe fu un improvviso e forte abbassamento della pressione atmosferica e della temperatura. Pochi ebbero il tempo di cercare riparo. 153 persone perirono, 115 a Omaha, e 400 rimasero ferite. In conseguenza del tornado, un fronte freddo si spostò in Omaha e causò ulteriore miseria, perché i senzatetto lottarono per sottrarsi alla neve. 2.000 case, soltanto ad Omaha, furono distrutte, con danni per 8 milioni di dollari. La stessa perturbazione che colpì il Nebraska creò anche un'enorme tempesta di polvere a Topeka, Kansas. Domenica notte si formò un altro micidiale tornado a Terre Haute, Indiana, uccidendo 50 persone. Il lunedì e martedì la tempesta causò piogge intense nel Midwest verso il nord di New York, provocando allagamenti molto estesi. (it)
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- 0001-03-21 (xsd:gMonthDay)
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- Photo of the 1913 Omaha tornado, the deadliest of the outbreak (en)
- Photograph of tornado damage in Omaha (en)
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- 8000000.0
- ≥ $9.68 million (en)
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- 0001-03-23 (xsd:gMonthDay)
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- Omaha, Nebraska (en)
- Tornado outbreak sequence of March 1913 (en)
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- ≥ 241 fatalities, hundreds of injuries (en)
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- Il tornado di Pasqua di Omaha colpì la città di Omaha, Nebraska alle ore 6:00 pm circa del 23 marzo 1913. Un'enorme perturbazione atmosferica generatrice di tornado si diresse velocemente attraverso il Nebraska, e sopra la prosperosa città di Omaha. Il fronte della tempesta fu riportato essere lungo 64 km e largo da 400 a 800 m, e comprendeva 8 distinti tornado. Alle 5:45 un tornado toccò terra vicino a Kramer; poi si spostò a nordest e giunse alle porte di Omaha alle 6:00 circa. (it)
- The tornado outbreak sequence of March 1913 was a devastating series of tornado outbreaks that affected the northern Great Plains, the Southern United States, and sections of the upper Midwest over a two-day-long period between March 21–23, 1913. Composed of two outbreaks, the sequence first began with a tornado outbreak that commenced in Mississippi early on March 21. Several significant tornadoes occurred, one of which killed seven people in one family and another destroyed much of Lower Peach Tree, Alabama, with 27 deaths all in that town. The tornado at Lower Peach Tree is estimated to have been equivalent to a violent F4 tornado on the Fujita scale, based upon damage accounts. The tornadoes occurred between 0630–1030 UTC, or pre-dawn local time, perhaps accounting for the high number (en)
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- Tornado di Pasqua di Omaha (it)
- Tornado outbreak sequence of March 1913 (en)
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