Abstract
The carangid genus Carangoides Bleeker 1851 has been considered to include 19 valid species, although the genus has been shown to be paraphyletic with molecular-phylogenetic methods. In this account, the previous Carangoides and its related genera (Alectis Rafinesque 1815, Atropus Oken 1817, Parastromateus Bleeker 1864, Selene Lacepède 1802, Ulua Jordan and Snyder 1908, and Uraspis Bleeker 1855) are reorganized into 15 (including five new and four resurrected) genera based on both molecular-phylogenetic results and morphological analyses. The members of the previously recognised Alectis are split into two genera, Alectis [Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787)] and Scyris Cuvier 1829 [Scyris alexandrina (Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1817) and Scyris indica Rüppell 1830]. Two new genera, Euprepocaranx and Paraselene are established for Carangoides dorsalis Gill 1863 [= Carangoides otrynter (Jordan and Gilbert 1883)] and Selene orstedii Lütken 1880, respectively. The genus Selene is valid, including six species except for Selene orstedii. Atropus atropos (Bloch and Schneider 1801), two species of Ulua and two species previously known in Carangoides [Carangoides armatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) and Carangoides hedlandensis (Whitley 1934)] composed the newly redefined Atropus. Craterognathus and Flavocaranx are new monotypic genera, consisting of the previous species Carangoides plagiotaenia Bleeker 1857 and Carangoides bajad (Fabricius in Niebuhr 1775), respectively. Platycaranx is also a new genus comprising three species, previous Carangoides chrysophrys (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1833), Carangoides malabaricus (Bloch and Schneider 1801) and Carangoides talamparoides Bleeker 1852. Resurrected genera, Carangichthys Bleeker 1853, Ferdauia Jordan, Evermann and Wakiya in Jordan, Evermann and Tanaka 1927, and Turrum Whitley 1932 are composed of a few species previously assigned to Carangoides: Carangoides dinema Bleeker 1851, Carangoides humerosus (McCulloch 1915) and Carangoides oblongus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1833); Carangoides ferdau (Fabricius in Niebuhr 1775) and Carangoides orthogrammus (Jordan and Gilbert 1882); and Carangoides coeruleopinnatus (Rüppell 1830), Carangoides fulvoguttatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) and Carangoides gymnostethus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1833), respectively. Parastromateus and Uraspis continue to be valid genera, including Parastromateus niger (Bloch 1795), and Uraspis helvola (Forster in Bloch and Schneider 1801) and Uraspis uraspis (Günther 1860), respectively. The revised Carangoides consists of only two species, resurrected Carangoides ire (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1833) and Carangoides praeustus (Anonymous [Bennett] 1830). Diagnosis and brief description are provided for each genus.
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23 April 2022
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-022-00873-2
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Acknowledgments
We are deeply indebted to D. Sasaki (Mie Pref. Fish. Res. Inst., Japan) for his great help with molecular analysis and donation of specimens to FRLM; to J. R. Glass (Univ. Alaska Fairbanks) for her critical comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript and her great help with the English; to M. Kottelat (Switzerland) for his translation of the description of Zeus gallus by Linnaeus and his comments on nomenclature; to W. F. Smith-Vaniz (Florida Mus. Nat. Hist.) for his advice and suggestions; to V. Q. Nguyen (Inst. Mar. Env. Recourses, Vietnam), M. A. Ghaffar and Y. G. Seah (Univ. Malaysia Terengganu), A. Arshad (Univ. Putra Malaysia), T. Peristiwady (Indonesian Inst. Sci.), W. L. Campos (Univ. Philippines, Visayas), and U. Satapoomin (Dept. Mar. Coastal Resources, Thailand) for donation of specimens to FRLM; to M. Sabaj and K. R. Luckenbill (ANSP), J. Maclaine and L. Goodayle (BMNH), Y. Takigawa (Kagawa Univ., Japan), Y. Hibino (Kitakyushu Mus. Nat. Hist. Human Hist., Japan), M. Matsunuma (KUN), A. Palandacic and A. Naseka (NMW), H. Hata (NSMT), J. T. Williams and S. Raredon (USNM), and J. Nielsen and K. Krag (ZMUC) for their photographing and measurements of type specimens; to D. Catania (CAS), H. Motomura (KAUM), R. H. Robins (UF), and G. J. Watkins-Colwall (YPM) for donation or loan of tissue samples for DNA analysis. We express sincere gratitude to V. Q. Nguyen, T. Peristiwady, U. Satapoomin, M. A. Ghaffar, A. Arshad, Y. G. Seah, officers and crew of T/V Seisui-maru (Mie Univ., Japan), and students of FRLM for their cooperation in field collections; to K. Kon (Univ. Ryukyus), K. Kuriiwa (NSMT) and S. N. Chiba (Hokkaido Natl. Fish. Res. Inst., Japan) for their great help with molecular analyses; and to I. Kobayashi and staff of Life Science Research Center, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics (Mie Univ., Japan) for nucleotide sequences. We are most grateful to the following persons and institutions for specimen loans and/or their great help for the first author’s visit: R. Arrindell (AMNH); D. Catania and M. Hoang (CAS); H. Motomura; M. Yabe, H. Imamura and T. Kawai (HUMZ); H. Senou (KPM-NI); G. Duhamel, P. Pruvost, R. Causse and Z. H. Gabsi (MNHN); Y. Iwatsuki (MUFS); A. Naseka (NMW); K. Hartel (MCZ); K. Matsuura, G. Shinohara, and M. Nakae (NSMT); K. Hatooka and S. Matsui (OMNH); M. J. P. van Oijen, R. de Ruiter and E. Dondorp (RMNH); O. Gon, R. Bills, M. Dwani, N. Mgibantaka and N. Mazungula (SAIAB); A. Bosman and D. Clarke (SAM); R. Fricke (SMNS); R. H. Robins (UF); U. B. Alama (UPVMI); T. Yoshino (URM); J. T. Williams, D. Pitassy, K. Murphy and S. Raredon (USNM); G. J. Watkins-Colwell (YPM); M. V. Nazarkin and A. V. Balushkin (ZIN); K. Sakamoto (ZUMT). This study was supported in part by JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) KAKENHI awarded to S. K. (11640696, 14540642, 19570084, 23570114, and 16K07840); and by the Multilateral Cooperative Research Program (Coastal Oceanography), Asian Core Program, Core-to-Core Program, and Core-to-Core Program CREPSUM JPJSCCB20200009 of the JSPS. The Vietnamese FRLM specimens were collected with the support of the Institute of Marine Environment and Resources (Hai Phong) and the Ha Long Bay Management Department (Ha Long) and with a permission of use of the specimens by the Biodiversity Conservation Agency, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Hanoi). Finally, we would like to extend our heartfelt thanks to the two anonymous reviewers for their very valuable comments and suggestions, and to K. Matsuura, H. Motomura and T. Kon for their very important advice in revising the manuscript.
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Kimura, S., Takeuchi, S. & Yadome, T. Generic revision of the species formerly belonging to the genus Carangoides and its related genera (Carangiformes: Carangidae). Ichthyol Res 69, 433–487 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-021-00850-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-021-00850-1