The relative bioavailability of enterolignans in humans is enhanced by milling and crushing of flaxseed
- PMID: 16317125
- DOI: 10.1093/jn/135.12.2812
The relative bioavailability of enterolignans in humans is enhanced by milling and crushing of flaxseed
Abstract
Flaxseed is one of the richest sources of lignans and is increasingly used in food products or as a supplement. Plant lignans can be converted by intestinal bacteria into the so-called enterolignans, enterodiol and enterolactone. For a proper evaluation of potential health effects of enterolignans, information on their bioavailability is essential. The aim of this study was to investigate whether crushing and milling of flaxseed enhances the bioavailability of enterolignans in plasma. In a randomized, crossover study, 12 healthy subjects supplemented their diet with 0.3 g whole, crushed, or ground flaxseed/(kg body weight . d). Each subject consumed flaxseed for 10 successive days separated by 11-d run-in/wash-out periods, in which the subjects consumed a diet poor in lignans. Blood samples were collected at the end of each run-in/wash-out period, and at the end of each supplement period. Plasma enterodiol and enterolactone were measured using LC-MS-MS. The mean relative bioavailability of enterolignans from whole compared with ground flaxseed was 28% (P < or = 0.01), whereas that of crushed compared with ground flaxseed was 43% (P < or = 0.01). Crushing and milling of flaxseed substantially improve the bioavailability of the enterolignans.
Similar articles
-
The effect of flaxseed supplementation in processed foods on serum fatty acids and enterolactone.Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 Feb;56(2):157-65. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601298. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002. PMID: 11857049 Clinical Trial.
-
Flaxseed-enriched diets change milk concentration of the antimicrobial danofloxacin in sheep.BMC Vet Res. 2018 Jan 15;14(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1341-3. BMC Vet Res. 2018. PMID: 29334949 Free PMC article.
-
Flaxseed-derived enterolactone is inversely associated with tumor cell proliferation in men with localized prostate cancer.J Med Food. 2013 Apr;16(4):357-60. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0159. J Med Food. 2013. PMID: 23566060 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
-
A Review of Lignan Metabolism, Milk Enterolactone Concentration, and Antioxidant Status of Dairy Cows Fed Flaxseed.Molecules. 2018 Dec 22;24(1):41. doi: 10.3390/molecules24010041. Molecules. 2018. PMID: 30583523 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Anticancer potential of flaxseed lignans, their metabolites and synthetic counterparts in relation with molecular _targets: current challenges and future perspectives.Food Funct. 2023 Mar 6;14(5):2286-2303. doi: 10.1039/d2fo02208g. Food Funct. 2023. PMID: 36820797 Review.
Cited by
-
Dietary lignans, plasma enterolactone levels, and metabolic risk in men: exploring the role of the gut microbiome.BMC Microbiol. 2022 Mar 29;22(1):82. doi: 10.1186/s12866-022-02495-0. BMC Microbiol. 2022. PMID: 35350985 Free PMC article.
-
Effect of Crushing Peanuts on Fatty Acid and Phenolic Bioaccessibility: A Long-Term Study.Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Feb 19;11(2):423. doi: 10.3390/antiox11020423. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022. PMID: 35204306 Free PMC article.
-
Phytoestrogens in postmenopause: the state of the art from a chemical, pharmacological and regulatory perspective.Curr Med Chem. 2014;21(4):417-36. doi: 10.2174/09298673113206660297. Curr Med Chem. 2014. PMID: 24164197 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Effect of coated and uncoated ground flaxseed addition on rheological, physical and sensory properties of Taftoon bread.J Food Sci Technol. 2015 Aug;52(8):5102-10. doi: 10.1007/s13197-014-1596-z. Epub 2014 Oct 10. J Food Sci Technol. 2015. PMID: 26243931 Free PMC article.
-
The Strength of the Nutrient Solution Modulates the Functional Profile of Hydroponically Grown Lettuce in a Genotype-Dependent Manner.Foods. 2020 Aug 21;9(9):1156. doi: 10.3390/foods9091156. Foods. 2020. PMID: 32825768 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical
