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. 2011 Apr;92(Pt 4):768-72.
doi: 10.1099/vir.0.028704-0. Epub 2010 Dec 22.

Possible cross-species transmission of circoviruses and cycloviruses among farm animals

Linlin Li  1 , Tongling Shan, Oderinde Bamidele Soji, Muhammad Masroor Alam, Thomas H Kunz, Sohail Zahoor Zaidi, Eric Delwart
Affiliations

Possible cross-species transmission of circoviruses and cycloviruses among farm animals

Linlin Li et al. J Gen Virol. 2011 Apr.

Abstract

Circoviruses consist of highly prevalent and genetically diverse porcine and avian pathogens. The genomes of cycloviruses, a proposed new genus in the family Circoviridae, were recently identified in human and chimpanzee faeces. Here, six cyclovirus and four circovirus genomes from the tissues of chickens, goats, cows, and a bat were amplified and sequenced using rolling-circle amplification and inverse PCR. A goat cyclovirus was nearly identical to a cyclovirus from a cow. USA beef contained circoviruses with >99% similarity to porcine circovirus 2b. Circoviruses in chicken were related to those of pigeons. The close genetic similarity of a subset of cycloviruses and circoviruses replicating in distinct animal species may reflect recent cross-species transmissions. Further studies will be required to determine the impact of these highly prevalent infections on the health of farm animals.

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Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Genomic organization of the cycloviruses, circoviruses and circovirus-like virus discovered in animal tissues. The two major ORFs, encoding the putative Rep protein and the putative Cap protein, and other ORFs with a coding capacity over 100 aa are shown.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
Phylogenetic analysis of the cycloviruses, circoviruses and circovirus-like virus, and representative cyclovirus and circovirus species based on the complete amino acid sequence of the Rep protein using the neighbour-joining method with p-distance and 1000 bootstrap replicates. The bar represents 10 % estimated phylogenetic divergence. The GenBank accession numbers of the Rep sequences of viruses used in the phylogenetic analyses are as follows: beak and feather disease virus (BFDV, AF071878), canary circovirus (CaCV, AJ301633), CoCV (AF252610), duck circovirus (DuCV, DQ100076), goose circovirus (GoCV, AJ304456), gull circovirus (GuCV, DQ845074), finch circovirus (FiCV, DQ845075), raven circovirus (RaCV, DQ146997), starling circovirus (StCV, DQ172906), cygnus olor circovirus (SwCV, EU056310), PCV1 (AY660574), PCV2 (AY424401), chicken anemia virus (CAV, M55918), milk vetch dwarf virus (AB009047), pepper golden mosaic virus (U57457), cycloviruses (GQ404844–GQ404850, GQ404854–GQ404858, HM228874 and HM228875).
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
PCV2 genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis was based on the nucleotide sequences of the full-length ORF2 of representative PCV2 strains.
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