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. 2014 May 9:9:2261-9.
doi: 10.2147/IJN.S56999. eCollection 2014.

Characterization of rice bran wax policosanol and its nanoemulsion formulation

Aminu Ishaka  1 , Mustapha Umar Imam  2 , Rozi Mahamud  3 , Abu Bakar Zakaria Zuki  4 , Ismail Maznah  2
Affiliations

Characterization of rice bran wax policosanol and its nanoemulsion formulation

Aminu Ishaka et al. Int J Nanomedicine. .

Abstract

Policosanol, a mixture of long-chain alcohols found in animal and plant waxes, has several biological effects; however, it has a bioavailability of less than 10%. Therefore, there is a need to improve its bioavailability, and one of the ways of doing this is by nanoemulsion formulation. Different droplet size distributions are usually achieved when emulsions are formed, which solely depends on the preparation method used. Mostly, emulsions are intended for better delivery with maintenance of the characteristics and properties of the leading components. In this study, policosanol was extracted from rice bran wax, its composition was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry, nanoemulsion was made, and the physical stability characteristics were determined. The results showed that policosanol nanoemulsion has a nanosize particle distribution below 100 nm (92.56-94.52 nm), with optimum charge distribution (-55.8 to -45.12 mV), pH (6.79-6.92) and refractive index (1.50); these were monitored and found to be stable for 8 weeks. The stability of policosanol nanoemulsion confers the potential to withstand long storage times.

Keywords: characterization; nanoemulsion; policosanol; rice bran wax.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chromatogram for policosanol standards (A), rice bran wax policosanol extract (B). Notes: a, docosanol; b, tetracosanol; c, hexacosanol; d, octacosanol.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Standard curves for docosanol, tetracosanol, hexacosanol, and octacosanol.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Particle size distribution profile by volume of policosanol nanoemulsion. Abbreviations: Pol2, policosanol nanoemulsion sample number 2; 3, reading number 3.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Fourier transform infrared spectra of policosanol nanoemulsion, policosanol, rice bran oil (RBO), rice bran wax (RBW), and Tween 80 (TWEEN80).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Transmission electron micrograph of policosanol nanoemulsion.
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