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. 2018 Aug 6;18(8):2567.
doi: 10.3390/s18082567.

DIFTOS: A Distributed Infrastructure-Free Traffic Optimization System Based on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks for Urban Environments

Weidong Zhang  1 , Nyothiri Aung  2 , Sahraoui Dhelim  3 , Yibo Ai  4
Affiliations

DIFTOS: A Distributed Infrastructure-Free Traffic Optimization System Based on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks for Urban Environments

Weidong Zhang et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Aiming to alleviate traffic congestion, many congestion avoidance and traffic optimization systems have been proposed recently. However, most of them suffer from three main problems. Firstly scalability: they rely on a centralized server, which has to perform intensive communication and computational tasks. Secondly unpredictability: they use smartphones and other sensors to detect the congested roads and warn upcoming vehicles accordingly. In other words, they are used to solve the problem rather than avoiding it. Lastly, infrastructure dependency: they assume the presence of pre-installed infrastructures such as roadside unit (RSU) or cellular 3G/4G networks. Motivated by the above-mentioned reasons, in this paper, we proposed a fully distributed and infrastructure-less congestion avoidance and traffic optimization system for VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks) in urban environments named DIFTOS (Distributed Infrastructure-Free Traffic Optimization System), in which the city map is divided into a hierarchy of servers. The vehicles that are located in the busy road intersections play the role of servers, thus DIFTOS does not rely on any centralized server and does not need internet connectivity or RSU or any kind of infrastructure. As far as we know, in the literature of congestion avoidance using VANET, DIFTOS is the first completely infrastructure-free congestion avoidance system. The effectiveness and scalability of DIFTOS have been proved by simulation under different traffic conditions.

Keywords: ITS; VANET; congestion avoidance; distributed server; intelligent transportation systems; path planning; traffic optimization.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Clients-VVS communications.
Figure 2
Figure 2
VVS hierarchical partition.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Path request process.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Simulation flow.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Traffic density vs request round trip time.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Traffic density vs. computational cost.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Traffic density vs. travel time.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Traffic density vs. communication overhead.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Accident count vs. computational cost.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Accident count vs. travel time.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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