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Review
. 2020 May 27;21(11):3798.
doi: 10.3390/ijms21113798.

Pathogenic Pathways and Therapeutic Approaches _targeting Inflammation in Diabetic Nephropathy

Sandra Rayego-Mateos  1 , José Luis Morgado-Pascual  2 , Lucas Opazo-Ríos  2   3 , Melania Guerrero-Hue  1 , Cristina García-Caballero  1 , Cristina Vázquez-Carballo  2 , Sebastián Mas  2   3 , Ana Belén Sanz  2 , Carmen Herencia  2 , Sergio Mezzano  4 , Carmen Gómez-Guerrero  2   3 , Juan Antonio Moreno  1   5   6 , Jesús Egido  2   3
Affiliations
Review

Pathogenic Pathways and Therapeutic Approaches _targeting Inflammation in Diabetic Nephropathy

Sandra Rayego-Mateos et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality, resulting in elevated cost for public health systems. DN is the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its incidence increases the number of patients that develop the end-stage renal disease (ESRD). There are growing epidemiological and preclinical evidence about the close relationship between inflammatory response and the occurrence and progression of DN. Several anti-inflammatory strategies _targeting specific inflammatory mediators (cell adhesion molecules, chemokines and cytokines) and intracellular signaling pathways have shown beneficial effects in experimental models of DN, decreasing proteinuria and renal lesions. A number of inflammatory molecules have been shown useful to identify diabetic patients at high risk of developing renal complications. In this review, we focus on the key role of inflammation in the genesis and progression of DN, with a special interest in effector molecules and activated intracellular pathways leading to renal damage, as well as a comprehensive update of new therapeutic strategies _targeting inflammation to prevent and/or retard renal injury.

Keywords: and therapy; chronic kidney disease; diabetic nephropathy; drugs; inflammation; type 2 diabetes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mechanisms involved in inflammation, tissue injury and progression of renal damage in diabetic nephropathy (DN).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cytokines and intracellular signaling pathways activating inflammation in DN. This is a simplified view since there are tremendous connections between the different pathways, indicating the complexity of the inflammatory response.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Therapeutic compounds _targeting proinflammatory intracellular signaling pathways in DN.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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