Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Sep 9;13(17):2855.
doi: 10.3390/foods13172855.

Enhanced Sensitivity and Accuracy of Tb3+-Functionalized Zirconium-Based Bimetallic MOF for Visual Detection of Malachite Green in Fish

Yue Zhou  1 , Yuanyuan Jiang  1 , Xiangyu Chen  1 , Hongchen Long  1 , Mao Zhang  1 , Zili Tang  1 , Yufang He  1 , Lei Zhang  1 , Tao Le  1
Affiliations

Enhanced Sensitivity and Accuracy of Tb3+-Functionalized Zirconium-Based Bimetallic MOF for Visual Detection of Malachite Green in Fish

Yue Zhou et al. Foods. .

Abstract

The ratiometric fluorescent probe UiO-OH@Tb, a zirconium-based MOF functionalized with Tb3+, was synthesized using a hydrothermal method. This probe employs the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism between Tb3+ and malachite green (MG) for the double-inverse signal ratiometric fluorescence detection of MG. The probe's color shifts from lime green to blue with an increasing concentration of MG. In contrast, the monometallic MOFs' (UiO-OH) probe shows only blue fluorescence quenching due to the inner filter effect (IFE) after interacting with MG. Additionally, the composite fluorescent probe (UiO-OH@Tb) exhibits superior sensitivity, with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.19 μM, which is significantly lower than that of the monometallic MOFs (25 μM). Moreover, the content of MG can be detected on-site (LOD = 0.94 μM) using the RGB function of smartphones. Hence, the UiO-OH@Tb probe is proven to be an ideal material for MG detection, demonstrating significant practical value in real-world applications.

Keywords: FRET; UiO-OH@Tb; ratiometric fluorescence; smartphone.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Schematic illustration for fluorometric detection of MG (malachite green) by UiO-OH@Tb.
Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) SEM image of UiO-OH@Tb nanosheets. (B) SEM image of UiO-OH nanosheets. (C) EDS of UiO-OH@Tb. (D) PXRD of UiO-OH, UiO-OH@Tb, and UiO-OH@Tb + MG. (E) FTIR spectrum of UiO-OH@Tb, UiO-OH, and BDC-OH. (F) The comparison of XPS spectra of UiO-OH (blue) and UiO-OH@Tb (green).
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) Emission spectra of UiO-OH (blue) and UiO-OH@Tb (green); inset is the fluorescence image of UiO-OH and UiO-OH@Tb under 254 nm UV light. (B) Mechanism of energy transfer between BDC-OH and Tb3+.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) The 3D fluorescence spectra of UiO-OH@Tb in response to MG (0–200 μM). (B) The linear relationship between F450/F548 and the concentration of MG (0–200 μM) (Inset: fluorescence images of UiO-OH@Tb at 0–200 μM MG under 254 nm UV lamp). (C) CIE chromaticity diagram of UiO-OH@Tb treated with different concentrations of MG (0–200 μM) under 254 nm UV irradiation. (D) Relative PI (photoluminescence) (F450/F548) variation in UiO-OH@Tb with time after the addition of 100 μM MG; inset is a photograph of the UiO-OH@Tb suspension under 254 nm UV (ultraviolet–visible) light irradiation before and after the addition of MG. (E) Comparison of the response of different types of interfering antibiotics (100 μM) to probes (1 mg/mL). (F) Effect of interfering substances on the MG assay.
Figure 4
Figure 4
XRD patterns of UiO-OH@Tb (A) and UiO-OH (A’) before and after immersion in 100 μM MG (malachite green). Excitation and emission spectra of UiO-OH@Tb (B) and UiO-OH (B’) with UV absorption spectra of MG. Fluorescence lifetime of UiO-OH@Tb (C), UiO-OH (C’) before and after the presence of MG.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(A) XPS spectra of Tb 3d region before and after MG addition to UiO-OH@Tb. (B) FTIR spectra of UiO-OH@Tb before and after the addition of MG. (C) Schematic diagram of fluorescence change mechanism.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Smartphone-assisted sensing platform based on UiO-OH@Tb probe for MG on-site detection.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Yi K.Y., Zhang L. Designed Eu(III)-functionalized nanoscale MOF probe based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer for the reversible sensing of trace Malachite green. Food Chem. 2021;354:129584. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129584. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Yue X.Y., Li Y., Xu S., Li J.G., Li M., Jiang L.Y., Jie M.S., Bai Y.H. A portable smartphone-assisted ratiometric fluorescence sensor for intelligent and visual detection of malachite green. Food Chem. 2022;371:131164. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131164. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Zhao N., Song J.Q., Ye H., Zhao L.S. A pH-dependent N, P co-doped carbon dots as fluorescent probe for malachite green assay and its visual application based on fluorescent hydrogel kit. Colloids Surf. B-Biointerfaces. 2023;221:112985. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112985. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Hashemi S.H., Kaykhaii M., Keikha A.J., Mirmoradzehi E., Sargazi G. Application of response surface methodology for optimization of metal-organic framework based pipette-tip solid phase extraction of organic dyes from seawater and their determination with HPLC. BMC Chem. 2019;13:59. doi: 10.1186/s13065-019-0572-0. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ekmen E., Bilici M., Turan E., Tamer U., Zengin A. Surface molecularly-imprinted magnetic nanoparticles coupled with SERS sensing platform for selective detection of malachite green. Sens. Actuators B-Chem. 2020;325:128787. doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2020.128787. - DOI

LinkOut - more resources

  NODES
Idea 1
idea 1
twitter 2