Uruguay
Uruguay（kuwaping a sowal: 烏拉圭）
mikawitUruguay kawaliay hakal Nikapolongan Kitakit (Sepanaya sowal: República Oriental del Uruguay), kapolongan sowal Uruguay (Sepanaya sowal: Uruguay), katimol Amilika kawali katimol kitakit, kaetip Argentina, kawali ato ka’amis Brazil, miingiray to Labrador ’alo, kawali katimol o Tata'angay Sa'etipay Riyaran.
O tamdaw no Uruguay 342 ’ofad[2], mingata to 180 ’ofad maro’ay i ta’akay tokay Montevideo ato roma a tokay. O sera no Uruguay 176,000 pinfang kongli (68,000 pinfang inli), saka 2 mimingay kitakit i katimolay Amilika, kikaka no Suriname.
Charuya tamdaw maro’ i Uruguay 4000 mihecaan ko halafin. I 1680 miheca, Portugal micerakan sakowan tahini patireng to Colonia-del Sacramento, itiniay a niyaro’ samatelangay Ilopiya kaitiraan. 18 sici Sepaniya itini patireng to kahiceraan i Montevideo, itini malingato macaceficefis. 1811 miheca tangasa 1828 miheca, i Sepaniya, Portugal, Argentina ato Brazil sasepat kitakit ko macacefisay, Uruguay sakasiikedan a kitakit. I 19 sici a Uruguay kinapinapina masacomocomd no roma kitakit misawi ato micalap, o sofitay i laloma’ no kitakit sici mararid milosiday, mahaenay rarid sa tangasa 20 sici salepon. Matiniay Uruguay o nikapolongan a kimpo kapolongan Kitakit, congtong o sawara'an ato kakeridan no sifo.
I Latin Amilika kanatal kitakit, Uruguay a nikapolonganay, halinga’ayay, ma'imeray[6] ato masacalayay ko sakadademak[7] o sasa’ayaway, o sinpon pakoniraay, kicay sakakaay no katimolay Amilika[6]. Uruguay sakiLinhoko mapako’emeday a sofitay picoker sakacecau i hekal[6]. I kicay pakoniraay, malalen ko kinaira, malaliisal to kinaira ato papotalay mikafo to payso picomod masongila’, Uruguay i kasakanatal sakatosa[6]. I polong no Amilika kanatal, o sakacomahad no tamdaw no Uruguay, GDP macakat[8], misafa^elohay ’icel ato tatenaan kalopatirengan[6] kasakanatal saka tolo. Linhoko palasatakaraway a kinaira a kitakit ko Uruguay[7]. I tingnaw pikihatiya i, Uruguay sakatatolo no hekal[7]. Uruguay tadamaan ko fanoh no siri, felac, naniwac, titi no kolong, ^min ato miloko masadakay[6].
I 2013 miheca, “kicayay tamdaw” pacomodaen ko Uruguay i “No mihecaan kitakit no hekal” [9], sakisamowa pipaloma, kalali’aca ato mapatodong no rikec ko mitamakoay pihayda: mahayda to malecaday ko rangi a raramod, mipesi’ to wawa marocok i rikec. Nanonian, Uruguay o cimapakoniraay ato adahiay syakay a kitakit, i no tekedan salongoc, ko’emi’ay ato misoraray o ka’ayaway i hekal[10].
Ngangan no kitakit (國名)
mikawitSakacingangan no Uruguay nai Uruguay ’alo, “Uruguay” o nano ’alo Guarani finacadan a sowal pangangan no Sepaniya a sowal. Pakayni tina ngangan adihay ko caay kalecad a saheci, tinako “’ayam ’alo” (Charuya sowal “ura ’alo”, toya “urú” ’ayam howak) sanay[11][12]. Oni a ngangan latek nai niyaro’ay masowalay “uruguá” ’aloay a ’aos[13].
nicerakan sakowan no Sepaniya ’ayaw ikor, Uruguay ato lilisay a niyaro’ pangangan “Cisplatina” ato “Banda Oriental”, ikor pangangan to “waliay hekalan”, tona misiiked to panganganan “Uruguay waliay hekal Nikapolongan Kitakit” (la República Oriental del Uruguay) [14][15][16].
Likisi (歷史)
mikawit’Ayaway nicerakan sakowan likisi (早期殖民史)
mikawit1516 miheca nia niyaro’ nao misolapay no Sepaniya ci Juan Dias de Solis manengneng. Nai 1680 miheca ikor o Sepaniya ato Portugal macacefis. Ikor i 1726 miheca o Sepaniya tamdaw ko pakalowiday, saka o no Sepaniya a nicerakan sakowan, patireng to Montevideo sofitay a minato. 1776 miheca Sepaniya pakapien to Labrador songto sakowan, itiya pangangan han “Labrador waliay hekal” (Banda Oriental).
Siikeday lalefo (獨立鬥爭)
mikawitI 19 sici ’ayaw, palong no nikowanan no Sepaniya i Latin Amilika kasakanatal, alamasadak ko misiikeday lalood. 1811 mihecaan hiro (tadamaanay) no finacadan ci Jose Gervasio Artigas mipalowad tina lalood, i 1815 miheca ma^emet ko emin no kitakit. I 1816 miheca Portugal miliyaw micalap, i 1821 miheca 7 folad polong no Uruguay patatekoen to Brazil, mafalic ko ngangan “Nepra kanatal. 1825 miheca 8 folad 25 romi’ad, ci Joan Antonio Lavalleja kakridan 33 waliay tamdaw minokay nai Argentina, malosimet ko Monteverde niyaro’, mihapiw misiiked ko Uruguay, I saka 8 folad 25 romi’ad ko romi’adan no kitakit. I 1828 miheca Monteverde telek so’elin ko salongoc no Uruguay.
Aniniay likisi (現代歷史)
mikawitIkor Uruguay matapecik to fiyaw a kitakit sofitay ko sasiwtoc, ’aloman ko mapatayay. Oya sato Uruguay nai Ilopiya dipotan ko ’alomanay mafolaway, saka o maomahan pasadakan ko saki’orip kicay no Uruguay. ’ayaw no saka 2 lalood Ilopiya ato hakal icowacowaay matapecik ko lalood, adihaya pinaloma nai Uruguay mapasadak, mitadoay to maomahay ko sakadofah kitakit no Uruguay.
Ikor no saka 2 lalood, nawhani kasakitakit a maomahan ranikay maserer ko ’aca, saka halafin malasot maserer ko kicay no Uruguay. maserer ko kicay saka rarawraw ko sici, kinapinapina fangafang ko sofitay, orasaka nanoya saa tararikor ko kicay no kitakit.
2004 miheca, ci Tavarre Vazquez malacongtong, 2005 miheca 3 folad 1 romi’ad so’elin ko patireng congtong no Uruguay, saka cecay i likisi no kitakit o Kawiliay-Kasafelaw a congtong. Matatoor to Kawiliay-Kasafelaw a nipatatekoan maledaf kasacefang macakat mikowan, maso^emetay a syakay kicay kafalic, o kicay no Uruguay ranikay lomowad, i 2004 miheca tangasa 2008 miheca, GDP mihecaan 6.7% ko ranikay cemahad, pakoyocay tamdaw nai 33% maserer tangasa 21.7%, 2011 miheca maserer haca tangasa 18.6%, masowal i Latin Amilika kitakit a taengaday. I polong no hekal katalawan no paysoan, madahdah ko kacemahad no kicay, nakawrira mihayda ko sifo pasadak to ’akawangay kapolongan sapasadak ato sapicoker payso, saka’eca katararikor no kicay, saka 2010 miheca o kicay no Uruguay rinikay macakat to 7%.
2013 miheca, Uruguay mala mihecaan a taypiaw no kicaykak tamdaw[17], o sakamitira nahani congtong no Uruguay ci Jose Musika no finawlan ko lekakawa a kasasowalen i hekal. Uruguay i 2013 miheca 4 m,4 mihayda to malecaday ko rangi ramod a rikec, 2013 miheca 7 folad heca ko rikec to sa’ayaway mahayda mipanga’ayay malali’aca to mowa a kitakit[18].
Palapala (地理)
mikawitI satimolay Amilika kasafaniyot saka 2 mimingay kitakit,takaraway lotok i 514cm. mililisay to riyar a pala, o pipaka’enan to kolong ato siri. O adihayay ’alo ko Uruguay, sata’akay i o Uruguay ’alo, o hakal no ’alo adihay ko fanaw, kaetip no ’alo malasala’edan no kitakit.
Uruguay a karayan no katimolay fa^edet soemetay, saka 5 folad tangasa 8 folad kasi^enawan, 12 folad tangasa 2 folad kaciherangan. Talacowa nai kaetipay fo’edas fali nai Andes lotok, nika nawhani mingataay to riyar, ira haca ko nai Brazil farawfaw fali, kala’orar aca.
Itini i 33 00 S, 56 00 W, noNotimolan Amilika ko Uruguay. Polong no sekalay i 176,215 sq km “saka 91 ko rayray no ngangan. ” “O sekalay no sera i, 175,015 sq km, no nanom a sekalay i, 1,200 sq km ” Polong i 3,351,016 ko tamdaw.
Sici (政治)
mikawitI 1832 miheca 7 folad 18 romi’ad mahapiw ko saka 1 kimpo, ikor kinapinapina mifalic. 1951 miheca a kimpo mapalasawad ko Congtong a safaco, patireng to no kalomaocan rikec (sakakaay midemakay ’icel citodongay). I 1966 miheca mifalic to kimpo, mapatiko ko congtong a rikec. I 1973 miheca mirawraw mifalic ko sofitay mapaterep ko kimpo. 1985 miheca macakat ko nisingkiwan sifo mapalowad. Miketon ko kimpo a midemakay to Nikapolongan Kitakit ko Uruguay, toloay ko kasasiiked no sakowan 'icel.
Sawara'an no kitakit ato kakeridan no sifo ko congtong, citodong sakakaay no mamifolaw, micokeray to congtong malafafa'eday lomaocan, citodong to kakeridan no kalomaoca. Congtong, micokeray to congtong, iing no kalomaocan ato kasakanatal kakeridan saheto nai finawlan ni singkiwan, lekad 5 miheca. Congtong caay kanga’ay pararid, nika manga’ay palaed a masadak misingkiw. Congtong tefad patireng to 13 ko masalaloma'an kakeridan, o congtong ko patoroday, citodong to kasa citodongay dademakay.
2015 miheca 3 folad 1 romi’ad, kacifaloco’an no finawlan ci Jose Musika malopon a malokelon, midotocay ci Tavarre Vazquez (Tabaré Vázquez).
O kasasikiked a sakowan (行政區劃)
mikawitPolong no kitakit masiiked 19 kanatal
Sifasif, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandú, Río Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San José, Soriano, Tacuarembó, Treintay Tres.
Sofitay (軍事)
mikawitkicay (經濟)
mikawitO sakakaay kicay no Uruguay o nipasadakan a nikaomahan, i ’ayaw no 20 sici kalaloodan no Ilopian itiya, adahay ko nikaomahan no Uruguay mapatayra i Ilopoyan, mala o kadofahay kitakit i satimolay Amilka ko Uruguay. Aniniay a kicay no Uruguay talacowa caayto kalecad to ’ayaway 20 sici, o Uruguay pikimaomahay ko pitadi’ecan. 2000 miheca katimalay Amilika malengat ko karawrawan no kicay, o Brazil ato Argentina sarakatay matalatiih, Uruguay makilatosaay a niliomahan a dafong mapatayra i Brazil ato Argentina, ikor makarapotay, nika maserer ko masadakay, awayay ko katayalan tangasa i mo^etepay.
O masereray ko kicay a kitakit no Uruguay i satimolay Amlika, nikawrira 2004 miteka, o kicay no Uruguay midotoc to Brazil ato Argentina a macakat, talacowa ira ko katalawan a kicay, o kicay no Uruguay macakal macakat, masapinang to palalecaden to Brazil, Paraguay ato Argentina. 2011 miheca salongan no tamdaw no laloma’an a nisangan 15,469 Amilika payso, o satadamaanay i katimol Amilika. Oromasato, kasasiroma no Latin Amilika i, o Gini sa’osi o samamangay i Latin Amilika ko Uruguay (0.446).
Tamdaw ato finacadan (人口和民族)
mikawit328.63 ’ofad (2011 miheca, sapipolong kitakit no Uruguay), fohecalay tamdaw 90.8%, Intian ato Inlopiyan camel tamdaw 5%. No kitakit a sowal no Sepaniya. Saheto o Tingsokiw ko pakayraan a mitoor. O tamdaw no Uruguay saheto nai Ilopiya tamdaw mafolaway tayni. O yincumin Charuya tamdaw i ’ayaw to pinapina so’ot miheca picomod no Ilopiyan tayni ’aloman ko nipatayan. Oni a Ilopiyan saheto o Sepaniya tamdaw ato Itilian, nika Uruguay tamdaw o Sepaniya ko sakasasowal.
Ponka (文化)
mikawitOnto (體育)
mikawitCokaran mali o kaolahan onto no Uruguay tamdaw. O Cokaran mali a onto no Uruguay makatadamaan i hekal, i 1924 miheca ato 1928 miheca kanatosaay a Olimpiko ontokay a Cokaran mali pakaala to kompay. Saka Uruguay sa’ayaway midemak to Cokaran mali i Uruguay kitakit, saka i 1930 miheca ato 1950 miheca ciniala to kompay. Oromasato, 1970 miheca ato 2010 miheca kinatosa pakaala to sake sepat a kompay.
I Uruguay langciyo ato kanglangciyo tadamaan i kasakitakit.
Pinengnengan (參考)
mikawit1. Atlas Sociodemografico y de la Desigualdad en Uruguay, 2011: Ancestry (PDF). National Institute of Statistics: 15. [2016-10-10]. （nina’angan tilid (PDF) i 2014-02-09） （Sepaniya sowal）.
2. Uruguay. World Economic Outlook Database. International Monetary Fund (IMF). April 2022 [2022-06-25]. （nina’angan tilid i 2022-06-25） （Inkiris）.
3. Resultados del Censo de Población 2011: población, crecimiento y estructura por sexo y edad ine.gub.uy Gini Index. World Bank. [21 November 2015]. （nina’angan tilid i 2015-02-09）.
4. Human Development Report 2019 (PDF). UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME. [2019-12-21]. （nina’angan tilid (PDF) i 2019-12-09）. nina’angan kapi (PDF). [2016-10-10]. （nina’angan tilid (PDF) i 2021-02-10）.
5. Data Center. [2016-10-10]. （nina’angan kapi i 2014-08-11）.
6. From 2005 to 2011 (PDF). [2016-10-10]. （nina’angan kapi (PDF) i 2021-02-10）.
7. Earth_S_Got_Talent. The Economist. 21 December 2013 [2014-01-16]. （nina’angan kapi i 2018-05-13）.
8. The Social Progress Imperative. [2016-10-10]. （nina’angan kapi i 2016-03-04）.
9. Revista Del Río de La Plata. 1971: 285 [2016-10-10]. （nina’angan kapi i 2016-02-03）. The word itself, "Uruguay," is clearly derived from the Guaraní, probably by way of the tribal dialect of the Charrúas […] from uru (a generic designation of wild fowl)
10. Nordenskiöld, Erland. Deductions suggested by the geographical distribution of some post-Columbian words used by the Indians of S. America. AMS Press. 1979: 27 [2016-10-10]. ISBN 978-0-404-15145-4. （nina’angan kapi i 2016-02-03）. In Paraguay the Guaraní Indians call a fowl uruguaçú. The Cainguá in Misiones only say urú. […] A few Guaraní-speakiug Indians who call a hen uruguasu and a cock tacareo. Uruguaçu means "the big uru".
11. El País newspaper: "Presentan tesis del nombre Uruguay" （felih nina’angan，nina’angan i calay）, （Sepaniya sowal） Retrieved 21 November 2014.
12. Central Intelligence Agency. Uruguay. The World Factbook. [5 January 2010]. （nina’angan kapi i 2015-12-08）.
13. Uruguay. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008 [2 September 2008]. （nina’angan tilid i 2008-06-12）.
"Eastern Republic of Uruguay" is the official name used in many United Nations publications in English, e.g. Treaty Series. UN Publications. 1991 [2016-10-10]. ISBN 978-92-1-900187-9. （nina’angan tilid i 2016-02-03）. & in some formal UK documents, e.g. Agreement Between the European Community and the Eastern Republic of Uruguay. H.M. Stationery Office. 1974 [2016-10-10]. （nina’angan tilid i 2016-05-13）.
14. The Economist’s country of the year-Earth’s got talent. [2014-01-16]. （nina’angan tilid i 2018-05-13）.
15. Kicay tamdaw i 2013miheca taypiaw kitakit: Uruguay （nina’angan kapi i，nina’angan i calay），pinko sinpon，2013 miheca 12 folad 22 romi’ad.
16. Encuesta Continua de Hogares 2008 – Religion. Instituto Nacional de Estadística. [2 December 2010]. （nina’angan tilid i 2010-11-14）.
sera(土地) Masakilac ko sera o malo kakaomahen a sera 87.20%, Malo no kilakilangan a sera 10.20%, malo no roma to a sera 2.60%.
siyoto(首都) O [[[Montevideo]] ko Siyoto.
katomirengan no kitakit a romi’ad(國家紀念日) Pihiratengan no kitakit a romi’ad i sakafalo 25 a romi’ad.
O Sawara’an no kitakit anini i ci Tabaré Vázquez, patirengan a romi’ad i 2015 a miheca saka 3 folad saka 1 a romi’ad.
Pi’arawan to lakaw