{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T23:09:09Z","timestamp":1705964949287},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Digital Threats"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Contact tracing in case of pandemic is becoming an essential mitigation tool for national health services to break infection chains and prevent the virus from spreading further. To support manual tracing, several countries have been developing contact tracing apps that detect nearby mobile phones using Bluetooth. Such data collection raised privacy concerns and several privacy-preserving protocols have been proposed to prevent the leakage of personal and sensitive information. These solutions are mainly divided into two categories using a centralized or a decentralized exposure score computation. However, both approaches depict limitations.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            This article presents\n            <jats:sc>Desire<\/jats:sc>\n            , a novel exposure notification system that leverages the best of centralized and decentralized systems. As opposed to existing contact tracing schemes,\n            <jats:sc>Desire<\/jats:sc>\n            leverages Private Encounter Tokens (\n            <jats:sc>Pets<\/jats:sc>\n            ) generated locally on the device that uniquely identify an encounter between two nodes while being private and unlinkable by the server. The role of the server is merely to match PETs generated by diagnosed users with the pets provided by requesting users. Our privacy risk analysis shows that\n            <jats:sc>Desire<\/jats:sc>\n            drastically improves privacy against malicious users (i.e., limitation of decentralized systems) and authority (i.e., limitation of centralised systems). We implemented\n            <jats:sc>Desire<\/jats:sc>\n            , evaluated it in real condition, and show it feasibility.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3480467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T16:46:32Z","timestamp":1629477992000},"page":"1-20","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<scp>Desire<\/scp>\n            : Leveraging the Best of Centralized and Decentralized Contact Tracing Systems"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4057-416X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Boutet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lyon, INSA Lyon, Inria, CITI, Lyon, France"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Castelluccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inria, France"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Cunche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lyon, INSA Lyon, Inria, CITI, Lyon, France"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9dric","family":"Lauradou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inria, France"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Roca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inria, France"}]},{"given":"Adrien","family":"Baud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inria, France"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Guillaume","family":"Raverdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inria, France"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.apple.com\/covid19\/contacttracing 2020 Apple and Google. 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Stay away!\u2019 Latin America\u2019s Health Workers Face Rising Hostility"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"https:\/\/blog.appcensus.io\/2021\/04\/27\/why-google-should-stop-logging-contact-tracing-data\/ 2021 Why Google Should Stop Logging Contact-Tracing Data"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3010226"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","volume-title":"Exposure Notification\u2014Bluetooth Specification v1.2","author":"Google Apple and","year":"2020","unstructured":"Apple and Google. 2020. Exposure Notification\u2014Bluetooth Specification v1.2. Technical Report."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"J. Bay Joel Kek A. Tan and Chai Sheng Hau. 2020. BlueTrace: A privacy-preserving protocol for community-driven contact tracing across borders."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"207","volume-title":"Workshop on Public Key Cryptography","author":"Bernstein Daniel J.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Daniel J. Bernstein. 2006. 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Research Report."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","volume-title":"Contact Tracing by Giant Data Collectors: Opening Pandora\u2019s Box of Threats to Privacy, Sovereignty and National Security","author":"Boutet Antoine","year":"2020","unstructured":"Antoine Boutet, Claude Castelluccia, Mathieu Cunche, Alexandra Dmitrienko, Vincenzo Iovino, Markus Miettinen, Thien Duc Nguyen, Vincent Roca, Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi, Serge Vaudenay, Ivan Visconti, and Martin Vuagnoux. 2020. Contact Tracing by Giant Data Collectors: Opening Pandora\u2019s Box of Threats to Privacy, Sovereignty and National Security. University Works. EPFL, Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"2861","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM\u201919)","author":"Boutet Antoine","year":"2019","unstructured":"Antoine Boutet and S\u00e9bastien Gambs. 2019. 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