Wikipédia

Israél

Israél (/ˈɪzriəl, ˈɪzreɪəl/; basa Ibrani: יִשְׂרָאֵל, transliterasi Yisra'el‎; Arab: إِسْرَائِيل‎, romanized: ʾIsrāʾīl), aran remi ipun Negara Israél (basa Ibrani: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל‎, Medinat Yisra'el), silih tunggil negara ring Asia Kawan.

Negara Israél

מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל
Medīnat Yisrā'el (Ibrani)
دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل
'Dawlat Isrā'īl (Arab)
Centered blue star within a horizontal triband
Kobér Israél
Centered menorah surrounded by two olive branches
Lambang Israél
Lambang
Semboyan: —
Gending kebangsaan: 
הַתִּקְוָה
Hatikvah
(Indonesia: "Harapan")
Mal:Centre
Perbatasan pra-1949 (Garis Hijau)
Genah Israél
Genah Israél
Ibu kota
Yerusalem Barat
(dipersengketakan)[fn 1]
31°47′N 35°13′E / 31.783°N 35.217°E / 31.783; 35.217
Basa resmiIbrani
Bahasa yang diakuiArab[fn 2]
Kelompok étnis
(2019)
Agama
(2019)
PamréntahanKesatuan parlementer republik konstitusional
Isaac Herzog
Benjamin Netanyahu
LegislatipKnesset
Kemerdekaan dari Britania Raya
1920–1948
14 Mei 1948
• Bergabung dengan PBB
11 Mei 1949
• Konstitusi saat ini
13 Juni 1950
(1958–2018)
Jimbarnyané
 - Total
20,770–22,072 km2 (8,019–8,522 sq mi)[a] (150)
 - Perairan (%)
2,1
Populasi
 - Perkiraan 2024
Mal:Data Israel[13][fn 3] (99)
 - Sensus Krama 2008
7.412.200[16][fn 3]
[convert: invalid number] (35)
PDB (KKB)2022
 - Total
Increase $496,84 miliar[17] (50)
Increase $52.173[17] (29)
PDB (nominal)2022
 - Total
Increase $527,18 miliar[17] (28)
Increase $55.359[17] (15)
Gini (2018)Steady 34.8[fn 3][18]
sedang · 48
IPM (2019)Increase 0.906[fn 3][19]
sangat tinggi · 22
Mata uangShekel baru (₪)
(ILS)
Zona waktuIST
(UTC+2)
 - Musim panas (DST)
UTC+3 (IDT)
Wentuk pinanggal
  • יי-חח-שששש (AM)
  • dd-mm-yyyy (EU)
Lajur kemudikanan
Kode télépon+972
Kode ISO 3166IL
Ranah Internet.il
Situs web resmi
www.israel.org
  1. ^ 20.770 km2 adalah Israel dalam Garis Hijau. 22.072 km2 termasuk Dataran Tinggi Golan (±1,200 km2 (460 sq mi)) dan Yerusalem Timur (±64 km2 (25 sq mi)) yang dianeksasi.
  1. ↑ Pengakuan oleh negara-negara anggota PBB lainnya: Australia (Yerusalem Barat),[1] Russia (Yerusalem Barat),[2] Ceko (Yerusalem Barat),[3] Honduras,[4] Guatemala,[5] Nauru,[6] dan Amerika Serikat.[7]
  2. ↑ Bahasa Arab sebelumnya dianggap sebagai bahasa resmi Negara Israel.[8] Pada tahun 2018, bahasa Arab diklasifikasikan memiliki 'status khusus ring negara' dengan penggunaannya oleh lembaga-lembaga negara ditetapkan dalam hukum.[9][10][11]
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 Data populasi dan ekonomi Israel mencakup wilayah ekonomi Israel, termasuk Dataran Tinggi Golan, Yerusalem Timur, dan permukiman Israel ring Tepi Barat.[14][15]

Pustaka

uah

Cutetan batis

  1. ↑ "Australia recognises West Jerusalem as Israeli capital". BBC. 15 December 2018. Kaaksés 14 August 2020.
  2. ↑ "Foreign Ministry statement regarding Palestinian-Israeli settlement". www.mid.ru. 6 April 2017.
  3. ↑ "Czech Republic announces it recognizes West Jerusalem as Israel's capital". Jerusalem Post. 6 December 2017. Kaaksés 6 December 2017. Republik Ceko saat ini, sebelum perdamaian antara Israel dan Palestina ditandatangani, mengakui Yerusalem sebagai ibu kota Israel ring perbatasan garis demarkasi dari tahun 1967." Kementerian juga mengatakan bahwa mereka hanya akan mempertimbangkan untuk merelokasi kedutaannya berdasarkan "hasil negosiasi.
  4. ↑ "Honduras recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's capital". The Times of Israel. 29 August 2019.
  5. ↑ "Guatemala se suma a EEUU y también trasladará su embajada en Israel a Jerusalén" [Guatemala joins US, will also move embassy to Jerusalem]. Infobae (ring Spanyol). 24 December 2017. Kedutaan Guatemala terletak ring Yerusalem sampai tahun 1980-an, yang kemudian dipindahkan ke Tel Aviv.
  6. ↑ "Nauru recognizes J'lem as capital of Israel". Israel National News (ring Inggris). 29 August 2019.
  7. ↑ "Trump Recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's Capital and Orders U.S. Embassy to Move". The New York Times. 6 December 2017. Kaaksés 6 December 2017.
  8. ↑ Mal:Cite url
  9. ↑ "Israel Passes 'National Home' Law, Drawing Ire of Arabs". The New York Times (ring Inggris). 19 July 2018.
  10. ↑ Lubell, Maayan (19 July 2018). "Israel adopts divisive Jewish nation-state law". Reuters.
  11. ↑ "Press Releases from the Knesset". Knesset website. 19 July 2018. Bahasa Arab memiliki status khusus ring negara bagian; Pengaturan penggunaan bahasa Arab ring lembaga-lembaga negara atau oleh mereka akan diatur dalam undang-undang.
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 Israel's Independence Day 2019 (PDF) (Report). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 6 May 2019. Kaaksés 7 May 2019.
  13. ↑ "Home page". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Kaaksés 20 February 2017.
  14. ↑ OECD 2011.
  15. ↑ Quarterly Economic and Social Monitor Archived 9 Oktober 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Volume 26, October 2011, p. 57: "Ketika Israel mengajukan tawaran pada Maret 2010 untuk keanggotaan dalam 'Organisasi untuk Kerjasama Ekonomi dan Pembangunan'... beberapa anggota mempertanyakan keakuratan statistik Israel, seperti angka-angka Israel (berkaitan dengan produk domestik bruto, pengeluaran dan jumlah penduduk) mencakup wilayah geografis yang tidak diakui Organisasi sebagai bagian dari wilayah Israel. Daerah-daerah ini termasuk Yerusalem Timur, pemukiman Israel ring Tepi Barat dan Dataran Tinggi Golan."
  16. ↑ Population Census 2008 (PDF) (Report). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 2008. Kaaksés 27 December 2016.
  17. ↑ 17,0 17,1 17,2 17,3 "World Economic Outlook: October 2022". International Monetary Fund. Kaaksés 16 October 2022.
  18. ↑ "Income inequality". data.oecd.org. OECD. Kaaksés 29 June 2020.
  19. ↑ "Human Development Index and its components". United Nations Development Programme. 2018. Kaaksés 24 September 2018. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)

Lis pustaka

  • Abadi, Jacob (2004), Israel's Quest for Recognition and Acceptance in Asia: Garrison State Diplomacy, Routledge, ISBN 0714655767
  • Ausubel, Natan (1964), The Book of Jewish Knowledge, New York, New York: Crown Publishers, ISBN 051709746X
  • Barton, John; Bowden, Julie (2004), The Original Story: God, Israel and the World, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, ISBN 0802829007
  • Barzilai, Gad (1996), Wars, Internal Conflicts, and Political Order: A Jewish Democracy in the Middle East, State University of New York Press, ISBN 0-7914-2943-1
  • Best, Anthony (2003), International History of the Twentieth Century, Routledge, ISBN 0415207398
  • Bregman, Ahron (2002), A History of Israel, Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 0333676319
  • Broughton, Simon; Ellingham, Mark; Trillo, Richard (1999), World Music: The Rough Guide, Rough Guides, ISBN 1858286352
  • Cole, Tim (2003), Holocaust City: The Making of a Jewish Ghetto, Routledge, ISBN 0415929687
  • Crowdy, Terry (2006), The Enemy Within: A History of Espionage, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1841769339
  • Dekmejian, R. Hrair (1975), Patterns of Political Leadership: Egypt, Israel, Lebanon, State University of New York Press, ISBN 087395291X
  • Friedland, Roger; Hecht, Richard (2000), To Rule Jerusalem, University of California Press, ISBN 0520220927
  • Gelvin, James L. (2005), The Israel-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521852897
  • Gilbert, Martin (2005), The Routledge Atlas Of The Arab-Israeli Conflict (édisi ka-8th), Routledge, ISBN 0415359007
  • Goldreich, Yair (2003), The Climate of Israel: Observation, Research and Application, Springer, ISBN 030647445X
  • Hamilton, Victor P. (1995), The Book of Genesis (édisi ka-2nd revised), Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, ISBN 0802823092
  • Harkavy, Robert E.; Neuman, Stephanie G. (2001), Warfare and the Third World, Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 0312240120
  • Henderson, Robert D'A. (2003), Brassey's International Intelligence Yearbook (édisi ka-2003), Brassey's Inc., ISBN 1574885502
  • Herzl, Theodor (1946), The Jewish State, American Zionist Emergency Council, ISBN 0486258491
  • Howe, Kathleen Stewart (1997), Revealing the Holy Land: the photographic exploration of Palestine, University of California Press, p. 144, ISBN 9780899510958
  • Jacobs, Daniel (1988), Israel and the Palestinian Territories: The Rough Guide (édisi ka-2nd revised), Rough Guides, ISBN 1858282489
  • Kellerman, Aharon (1993), Society and Settlement: Jewish Land of Israel in the Twentieth Century, State University of New York Press, ISBN 0791412954
  • Kornberg, Jacques (1993), Theodor Herzl: From Assimilation to Zionism, Indiana University Press, ISBN 0253332036
  • Liebreich, Fritz (2005), Britain's Naval and Political Reaction to the Illegal Immigration of Jews to Palestine, 1945–1948, Routledge, ISBN 0714656372
  • Lustick, Ian (1988), For the Land and the Lord: Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel, Council on Foreign Relations Press, ISBN 0876090366
  • Mazie, Steven (2006), Israel's Higher Law: Religion and Liberal Democracy in the Jewish State, Lexington Books, ISBN 0739114859
  • Morçöl, Göktuğ (2006), Handbook of Decision Making, CRC Press, ISBN 1574445480
  • Mowlana, Hamid; Gerbner, George; Schiller, Herbert I. (1992), Triumph of the File: The Media's War in the Persian Gulf — A Global Perspective, Westview Press, ISBN 0813316103
  • Roberts, Adam (1990). "Prolonged Military Occupation: The Israeli-Occupied Territories Since 1967". The American Journal of International Law. American Society of International Law. 84 (1): 44–103. doi:10.2307/2203016.
  • Romano, Amy (2003), A Historical Atlas of Israel, The Rosen Publishing Group, ISBN 0823939782
  • Reveron, Derek S.; Murer, Jeffrey Stevenson (2006), Flashpoints in the War on Terrorism, Routledge, ISBN 0415954908
  • Rosenzweig, Rafael (1997), The Economic Consequences of Zionism, T Brill Academic Publishers, ISBN 9004091475
  • Rummel, Rudolph J. (1997), Power Kills: Democracy As a Method of Nonviolence, Transaction Publishers, ISBN 0765805235
  • Sampter, Jessie (2007) [1933], "Jewish Colonization Before 1917", ring Sampter, Jessie (ed.), Modern Palestine - A Symposium, READ BOOKS, p. 444, ISBN 9781406738346
  • Scharfstein, Sol (1996), Understanding Jewish History, KTAV Publishing House, ISBN 0881255459
  • Shindler, Colin (2002), The Land Beyond Promise: Israel, Likud and the Zionist Dream, I.B.Tauris Publishers, ISBN 186064774X
  • Skolnik, Fred (2007), Encyclopedia Judaica, 9 (édisi ka-2nd), Macmillian, ISBN 0028659287
  • Smith, Derek (2006), Deterring America: Rogue States and the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521864658
  • Stein, Leslie (2003), The Hope Fulfilled: The Rise of Modern Israel, Greenwood Press, ISBN 0275971414
  • Stendel, Ori (1997), The Arabs in Israel, Sussex Academic Press, ISBN 1898723230
  • Stone, Russell A.; Zenner, Walter P. (1994), Critical Essays on Israeli Social Issues and Scholarship, SUNY Press, ISBN 0791419592
  • Torstrick, Rebecca L. (2004), Culture and Customs of Israel, Greenwood Press, ISBN 0313320918
  • Wenham, Gordon J. (1994), Word Biblical Commentary, 2 (Genesis 16–50), Dallas, Texas: Word Books, ISBN 0849902010

Pranala jaba

uah
Situs Pamrentahan Israél
Pustaka umum

Cingak malih

uah
Kapolihang saking "https://ban.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Israél&oldid=177724"
  NODES
Done 2
eth 3
News 2
see 2
Story 5