File:Relativistic-Doppler-effect-dipole.webm

Original file (WebM audio/video file, VP9, length 31 s, 874 × 404 pixels, 428 kbps overall, file size: 1.59 MB)

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Description
English: A dipole oscillating along the vertical direction at rest, and moving (from left to right) at ever increasing fraction of the speed of light.
Date
Source https://twitter.com/j_bertolotti/status/1338481548765638656
Author Jacopo Bertolotti
Permission
(Reusing this file)
https://twitter.com/j_bertolotti/status/1030470604418428929

Mathematica 12.0 code

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c = 1.; \[Omega] = 5; d = 0.1; \[Epsilon]0 = 1; q1 = 1; q2 = -1; (*Some constants*)

vd[t_] := {0, 0, \[Omega] d Cos[\[Omega] t]} (*the charge oscillates up and down (this is its velocity) *)

normr = Sqrt[x^2 + y^2 + z^2]; (*just the norm of the position to make the equations easier to type*)
(*Two scalar potentials and two vector potentials, with opposite charges and velocities, to make a dipole*)
\[CurlyPhi]1 =   1/(4 \[Pi] \[Epsilon]0) q1/(normr - vd[t - normr/c].{x, y, z}/c);
\[CurlyPhi]2 =   1/(4 \[Pi] \[Epsilon]0) q2/(normr - ((-1)*vd[t - normr/c].{x, y, z})/c);
A1 = vd[t - normr/c]/c^2 \[CurlyPhi]1;
A2 = ((-1)*vd[t - normr/c])/c^2 \[CurlyPhi]2;

vm = {v, 0, 0}; (*The dipole is moving along x at speed v*)
\[Gamma] =1/Sqrt[1 - v^2/c^2];
(*Let's Lorentz-transform all the potentials and the coordinates*)
\[CurlyPhi]1m = \[Gamma] \[CurlyPhi]1;
\[CurlyPhi]2m = \[Gamma] \[CurlyPhi]2;
A1m = ({\[Gamma] (A1[[1]] - v/c^2 \[CurlyPhi]1m), A1[[2]], A1[[3]]});
A2m = ({\[Gamma] (A2[[1]] - v/c^2 \[CurlyPhi]2m), A2[[2]], A2[[3]]});
\[CurlyPhi]1m = \[CurlyPhi]1m /. {t -> \[Gamma] (t - v/c^2 x), x -> \[Gamma] (x - v t)};
\[CurlyPhi]2m = \[CurlyPhi]2m /. {t -> \[Gamma] (t - v/c^2 x), x -> \[Gamma] (x - v t)};
A1m = A1m /. {t -> \[Gamma] (t - v/c^2 x), x -> \[Gamma] (x - v t)};
A2m = A2m /. {t -> \[Gamma] (t - v/c^2 x), x -> \[Gamma] (x - v t)};

(*Calculate the two fields and their sum (and take a cut along y=0 so we can plot it*)
Efield1m = -Grad[\[CurlyPhi]1m, {x, y, z}] - D[A1m, t];
Efield2m = -Grad[\[CurlyPhi]2m, {x, y, z}] - D[A2m, t];
totEm = Norm[Efield1m + Efield2m] /. {y -> 0};

(*Define a smooth ramp to gradually increase the dipole velocity*)
smoothramp[kink1x_, kink2y_, slope_, \[Epsilon]_, x_] := (slope) \[Epsilon] Log[1 + E^((x - kink1x)/\[Epsilon])] - (slope) \[Epsilon] Log[1 + E^((-kink1x + x)/\[Epsilon])/(-1 + E^(kink2y/(slope \[Epsilon])))];
T = (2 \[Pi])/\[Omega]//N; (*Calculate the dipole oscillation period, so we can make sure we sample often enough in time*)

(*Plot everything*)
v =.
frames = Table[
   v = smoothramp[5 T, 0.75, 0.02, 1, \[Tau]];
   Grid[{{
      DensityPlot[
       totEm /. {t -> \[Tau]}, {x, -10 + v*\[Tau], 10 + v*\[Tau]}, {z, -10, 10}, PlotPoints -> 100, PlotRange -> {{-10 + v*\[Tau], 10 + v*\[Tau]}, {-10, 10}, {-0.01, 0.5}}, ColorFunction -> "AvocadoColors", 
       Frame -> False, PlotLegends -> BarLegend["AvocadoColors", LegendLabel -> "|\!\(\*OverscriptBox[\(E\), \(\[Rule]\)]\)|", LabelStyle -> {Black, Bold}, LegendMarkerSize -> 200, Ticks -> None], ImageSize -> 300 ]
      ,
      Plot[
       totEm /. {t -> \[Tau], z -> 0}, {x, -10 + v*\[Tau], 10 + v*\[Tau]}, PlotRange -> {{-10 + v*\[Tau], 10 + v*\[Tau]}, {-0.01, 0.5}}, PlotStyle -> {Thick, Black}, Axes -> False, Frame -> True, ImageSize -> 300, FrameTicks -> None, FrameLabel -> {"x", "|\!\(\*OverscriptBox[\(E\), \(\[Rule]\)]\)|"}, LabelStyle -> {Black, Bold}, PlotLabel -> Text[Style[StringForm["v=``c", NumberForm[v, {3, 2}]], Black, Bold]]]
      }}]
   , {\[Tau], 0., 31 T, 0.1 T}];
ListAnimate[frames, 10]

Licensing

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I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license:
Creative Commons CC-Zero This file is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication.
The person who associated a work with this deed has dedicated the work to the public domain by waiving all of their rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.

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Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
current10:56, 15 December 202031 s, 874 × 404 (1.59 MB)Berto (talk | contribs)Imported media from uploads:c9c32540-3ec3-11eb-8be1-96bb8e7425f0

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VP9 480P 283 kbps Completed 10:56, 15 December 2020 18 s
VP9 360P 161 kbps Completed 10:56, 15 December 2020 12 s
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