Reducing flare emissions from chemical plants and refineries through the application of fuzzy control system
Pages 48 - 53
Abstract
Increasing legislative requirements on a global basis are driving the development of solutions to reduce emission. Flaring and venting of waste hydrocarbon gases is a known contributor to pollution and increasing pressure is being exerted onto operators to monitoring and minimizes emission levels. Flaring, in fact, is a specific combustion system which has a complicated mathematical model. But it can be model by means of specific combustion software. In this paper we design a fuzzy controller system to control temperature of flare flame with the injection of optimum amount of steam. Also this method supply adequate oxygen to complete combustion and reducing flare emission. To study the effect of proposed method we use STANJAN which is a combustion software. The results of simulation show that the flare efficiency has improved.
References
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{2} Pohl, J. H. and Soelberg, N. R. "Evaluation of the Efficiency of Industrial Flares: H2S Gas Mixtures and Pilot Assisted Flares", U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Report Number: EPA/600/2-86/080, NTIS, September, 1996.
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{3} Pohl, J. H., Lee, J., Payne, R., and Tichenor, B.A. "Combustion Efficiency of Flares", Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 50, 1986, pp. 217-231.
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{4} Kuipers, E. W., Jarvis, B., Bullman, S. J., Cook, D. K. and McHugh, D. R. "Combustion Efficiency of Natural Gas Flares, 1996.
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{5} See M. R. Johnson, O. Zastavniuk, J. D. Dale and L. W. Kostiuk, "The Combustion Efficiency of Jet Diffusion Flames in Cross-flow," presented at the Joint Meeting of the United States Sections - The Combustion Institute, Washington, D.C., March 15-17, 1999.
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{6} Steven Krietenstein, "Flare Minimization Strategy During Plant Upsets: Freeport" presented at 2005 AIChE Spring National Meeting, 17th Annual Ethylene Producers' Conference, Session TA009 - Ethylene Plant Operations, Atlanta, GA, April 12, 2005.
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{7} Miller, J. A. and Bowman, C. T., "Mechanism and Modeling of nitrogen Chemistry in combustion", Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., Vol. 15, 1989, pp. 287-338.
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{8} Fric, T. F., "Effects of Fuel-Air Unmixedness on NOx Emissions", AIAA 92-3345, 28th Joint Propulsion Conference, July 6-8, 1992.
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{9} Leahey, D. M.; K. Preston; M. Strosher. "Theoretical and Observational Assessments of Flare Efficiencies". 51, Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 2001, pp. 1610-16.
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{10} E. Brown and H. Rabitz. Some mathematical and algorithmic challenges in the control. Journal of Mathematical Chemistry, 2002, pp. 17-63.
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{11} Julian Manning, BJ Process and Pipeline Services, A Division of BJ Services Company Incorporated. "Optimization of Emissions Through the Application of a Mobile Variable Tip Flare System". SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, Louisiana, 71438-MS, 30 September-3 October, 2001.
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{12} Straitz, John F. III, NAO Inc. "Environmentally Sensitive Flares: No Smoke, Odor or Noise; and No Visible Flame". SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production, Caracas, Venezuela. 46572-MS, 7-10 June, 1998.
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{13} Husdal, Geir, Novatech A. S. "Air Emissions From Offshore Oil and Gas Production". Health, Safety, and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Conference, Jakarta, Indonesia, 25-27 January, 1994, pp. 27127-MS.
Index Terms
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Published In
April 2007
662 pages
ISBN:9789608457614
Publisher
World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society (WSEAS)
Stevens Point, Wisconsin, United States
Publication History
Published: 15 April 2007
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