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Enzymology of the repair of free radicals-induced DNA damage

Oncogene volume 21, pages 8905–8925 (2002)Cite this article

Abstract

A number of intrinsic and extrinsic mutagens induce structural damage in cellular DNA. These DNA damages are cytotoxic, miscoding or both and are believed to be at the origin of cell lethality, tissue degeneration, ageing and cancer. In order to counteract immediately the deleterious effects of such lesions, leading to genomic instability, cells have evolved a number of DNA repair mechanisms including the direct reversal of the lesion, sanitation of the dNTPs pools, mismatch repair and several DNA excision pathways including the base excision repair (BER) nucleotide excision repair (NER) and the nucleotide incision repair (NIR). These repair pathways are universally present in living cells and extremely well conserved. This review is focused on the repair of lesions induced by free radicals and ionising radiation. The BER pathway removes most of these DNA lesions, although recently it was shown that other pathways would also be efficient in the removal of oxidised bases. In the BER pathway the process is initiated by a DNA glycosylase excising the modified and mismatched base by hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond between the base and the deoxyribose of the DNA, generating a free base and an abasic site (AP-site) which in turn is repaired since it is cytotoxic and mutagenic.

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Acknowledgements

We wish to thank Dr Eugenia Dogliotti and Dr Betsy Sutherland for constructive comments. We thank ‘Electricité de France’, the ‘Association pour la Recherche contre le Cancer’ and the Franco-Norwegian Foundation and European Community for grants.

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  1. Groupe ‘Réparation de l'ADN’, UMR 8532 CNRS, LBPA-ENS Cachan, Institut Gustave Roussy, 39, rue Camille Desmoulins, Villejuif Cedex, 94805, France

    Laurent Gros, Murat K Saparbaev & Jacques Laval

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Gros, L., Saparbaev, M. & Laval, J. Enzymology of the repair of free radicals-induced DNA damage. Oncogene 21, 8905–8925 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1206005

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