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Deep neural networks are susceptible to adversarial attacks, which pose a significant threat to their security and reliability in real-world applications. The most notable adversarial attacks are transfer-based attacks, where an adversary crafts an adversarial example to fool one model, which can also fool other models. While previous research has made progress in improving the transferability of un_targeted adversarial examples, the generation of _targeted adversarial examples that can transfer between models remains a challenging task. In this work, we present a novel approach to generate transferable _targeted adversarial examples by exploiting the vulnerability of deep neural networks to perturbations on high-frequency components of images. We observe that replacing the high-frequency component of an image with that of another image can mislead deep models, motivating us to craft perturbations containing high-frequency information to achieve _targeted attacks. To this end, we propose a method called Low-Frequency Adversarial Attack (LFAA), which trains a conditional generator to generate _targeted adversarial perturbations that are then added to the low-frequency component of the image. Extensive experiments on ImageNet demonstrate that our proposed approach significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods, improving _targeted attack success rates by a margin from 3.2% to 15.5%.
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