The 1070s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1070, and ended on December 31, 1079.

Events

1070

1071

By place

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Byzantine Empire
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  • August 26Battle of Manzikert: The Byzantine army (35,000 men) under Emperor Romanos IV meets the Seljuk Turk forces of Sultan Alp Arslan near the town of Manzikert. Although the armies are initially evenly matched, as the Byzantines advance, the Seljuk Turks withdraw before them, launching hit-and-run attacks on the Byzantine flanks. While attempting to withdraw, the Byzantine army falls apart, either through treachery or confusion; the battle ends in a decisive defeat for the Byzantine Empire. Romanos is captured (though released by Alp Arslan within a week) and much of the elite Varangian Guard is destroyed; this will prove catastrophic for the Byzantine Empire.
  • October 24 – Romanos IV is deposed by John Doukas (Caesar) and his political advisor Michael Psellos after his return to Constantinople. Michael VII Doukas is crowned co-emperor and his mother Eudokia is forced to retire to a monastery.
Europe
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England
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Africa
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1072

By place

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Byzantine Empire
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Europe
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Britain
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Seljuk Empire
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China
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  • Shen Kuo, Chinese polymathic scientist and statesman, is appointed as the head official for the Bureau of Astronomy – where he begins his work with the colleague Wei Pu on accurately plotting the orbital paths of the stars, planets, and moon three times a night for a continuum of five years.
  • Fall – Shen Kuo is sent to supervise Wang Anshi's program of surveying the buildup of silt deposits in the Grand Canal, outside the capital city of Kaifeng. Using an original technique, Shen successfully dredges the canal and demonstrates the formidable value of the silt gathered as a fertilizer.

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Literature
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1073

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Byzantine Empire
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Europe
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Britain
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Asia
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By topic

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Religion
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1074

By place

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Byzantine Empire
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Europe
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Africa
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China
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By topic

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Religion
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1075

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Africa
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Byzantine Empire
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  • The future Emperor Alexios Komnenos captures the Norman rebel Roussel de Bailleul in Amaseia. Roussel had established a principality in eastern Anatolia in 1073 after rebelling against Emperor Michael VII Doukas, basing his power on his western mercenaries and local support in exchange for protection against invading Turkmen.[15]
Europe
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England
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Asia
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  • Summer – Shen Kuo, Chinese polymath scientist and statesman, solves a border dispute with the Liao dynasty by dredging up old diplomatic records. He refutes Emperor Dao Zong's bluffs point for point during a meeting at Mt. Yongan (near modern-day Pingquan), reestablishing the rightful borders of the Song dynasty.
  • Vietnamese forces under General Lý Thường Kiệt defend Vietnam against a Chinese invasion.
  • The Liao dynasty version of the Buddhist Tripiṭaka is completed (approximate date).

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Religion
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  • February – Pope Gregory VII holds a council in the Lateran Palace at Rome. He publishes a decree against laymen investiture (an act which will later cause the Investiture Controversy).
  • April – The Dictatus papae (a compilation of 27 statements of powers) are included in the registry of Gregory VII, in which he asserts papal authority over earthly as well as spiritual rulers.
  • December 8 – Gregory VII writes a letter of reprimand to Henry IV. He accuses him of breaching his word and continued support of excommunicated councilors.
  • December 25 – Gregory VII is kidnapped in the church during Christmas night in Rome and briefly imprisoned by the Roman nobleman Cencio I Frangipane.

1076

By place

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Europe
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England
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Africa
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Asia
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By topic

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Literature
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Religion
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  • Demetrius Zvonimir donates the Benedictine monastery of St. Gregory in Vrana to Gregory VII.

1077

By place

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Byzantine Empire
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Europe
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England
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Seljuk Empire
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Africa
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By topic

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Arts
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Religion
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1078

By place

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Byzantine Empire
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Europe
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England
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Africa
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China
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By topic

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Religion
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1079

By place

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Europe
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England
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Seljuk Empire
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By topic

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Astronomy
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  • Omar Khayyam, Persian mathematician and astronomer, calculates a 33 year calendar consisting of 25 ordinary years that include 365 days, and 8 leap years that include 366 days, the most accurate calculation of his time. Khayyam, in his Treatise on Demonstrations of Problems in Algebra, produces a complete classification of cubic equations and their geometric solutions (approximate date).
Religion
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Significant people

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Births

1070

1071

1072

1073

1074

1075

1076

1077

1078

1079

Deaths

1070

1071

1072

1073

1074

1075

1076

1077

1078

1079

References

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  2. ^ "British History Timeline, Norman Britain, BBC". Retrieved 2007-12-23.
  3. ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 112–113. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  4. ^ William of Malmesbury.
  5. ^ "The History of Canterbury Cathedral". Archived from the original on October 27, 2007. Retrieved December 23, 2007.
  6. ^ Adam of Bremen. Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum.
  7. ^ Kleinhenz, Christopher (2010). Medieval Italy: an encyclopedia. New York: Routledge. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-415-93930-0.
  8. ^ John Julius Norwich (1991). Byzantium: The Apogee – The Disaster, p. 357. ISBN 0-39453779-3.
  9. ^ Brian Todd Carey (2012). Road to Manzikert: Byzantine and Islamic Warfare (527–1071), p. 155. ISBN 978-1-84884-215-1.
  10. ^ Fletcher, R. A. (1987). "Reconquest and Crusade in Spain c. 1050-1150". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. 5. 37: 31–47 [35]. JSTOR 3679149.
  11. ^ Canellas, Angel (1951). "Las Cruzadas de Aragon en el Siglo XI". Argensola: Revista de Ciencias Sociales del Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses. 7. ISSN 0518-4088. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
  12. ^ Hibbert, Christopher (1987). Rome: The Biography of the City. New York: Penguin. p. 87. ISBN 0-14-007078-8.
  13. ^ Brian Todd Carey (2012). Road to Manzikert: Byzantine and Islamic Warfare (527–1071), p. 155. ISBN 978-1-84884-215-1.
  14. ^ David Nicolle (2003). The First Crusade 1096–99: Conquest of the Holy Land, p. 12. ISBN 978-1-84176-515-0.
  15. ^ Alexander Daniel Beihammer (2017). Byzantium and the Emergence of Muslim-Turkish Anatolia, Ca. 1040-1130, p. 210-212.
  16. ^ Stratton, J.M. (1969). Agricultural Records. John Baker. ISBN 0-212-97022-4.
  17. ^ Minguez Fernández, José María (2009). Alfonso VI/Gregorio VII. Soberanía imperial frente a soberanía papal, pp. 30–33. ISSN 1575-801X.
  18. ^ Canellas, Angel (1951). "Las Cruzadas de Aragon en el Siglo XI". Argensola: Revista de Ciencias Sociales del Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses. 7. ISSN 0518-4088. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
  19. ^ "Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, p. 25. Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876).
  20. ^ Claude Cahen (1968). Pre-Ottoman Turkey: a general survey of the material and spiritual culture and history c. 1070–1330. Trans. J. Jones-Williams, pp. 73–74 (New York: Taplinger).
  21. ^ Grape, Wolfgang (1994). The Bayeux tapestry: monument to a Norman triumph. Prestel. ISBN 978-3-7913-1365-8. Retrieved 2012-05-03.
  22. ^ Cowdrey, H. E. J. (1998). Pope Gregory VII, 1073–1085, p. 279. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  23. ^ John Julius Norwich (1991). Byzantium: The Apogee, p. 361. ISBN 0-394-53779-3.
  24. ^ Martin, Janet (1993). Medieval Russia, 980–1584, pp. 33–35. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-67636-6.
  25. ^ Dehsen, Christian D. Von; Harris, Scott L. (1999). Philosophers and Religious Leaders. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 10. ISBN 9781573561525.
  26. ^ Müller, Annalena (2021). From the Cloister to the State: Fontevraud and the Making of Bourbon France, 1642-1100. Routledge. p. 39. ISBN 9781000436297. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
  27. ^ Richard Brzezinski (1998). History of Poland: The successors of Bolesław the Brave, p. 19. ISBN 83-7212-019-6.
  28. ^ "Take a stroll through a piece of old England". The Independent. December 12, 2004. Archived from the original on May 1, 2022. Retrieved 28 July 2018.
  29. ^ Brian Todd Carey (2012). Road to Manzikert: Byzantine and Islamic Warfare (527–1071), p. 159. ISBN 978-1-84884-215-1.
  30. ^ "Conrad | king of the Germans". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
  31. ^ "Orderic Vitalis | Norman history". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-07-28.
  32. ^ "Lothar II (or III) | Holy Roman emperor". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-07-28.
  33. ^ King, Peter (2015). "Peter Abelard". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved 28 July 2018.
  34. ^ "Alexander II | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
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