12 Squadron was a South African Air Force squadron that served in the Second World War in East Africa and the Western Desert as a medium bomber squadron. After the war, the squadron was used in various roles, including that of a helicopter squadron until 1963, when it was equipped with English Electric Canberra light bombers, remaining a light bomber and reconnaissance squadron until disbanded in 1990.
| 12 Squadron | |
|---|---|
 A 12 Squadron Canberra T.4 in February 1982 | |
| Active | 1939–1945? 1946–? 1963–1990 |
| Country |  |
| Branch | South African Air Force |
| Engagements | World War II South African Border War |
| Insignia | |
| Squadron Identification Code | VL 1942[1] |
| 12 Squadron Insignia |  |
History
edit12 Squadron was formed in December 1939.[3] On 16 June 1940 it flew the first SAAF bombing raid against Italian forces in Abysinna when it attacked the town of Moyale using Junkers Ju 86 bombers.[4][5] 12 Squadron later saw combat during the Second Battle of El Alamein operating Douglas Boston light bombers.[6] In May 1941 the squadron converted to the Martin Maryland, and moved to Egypt. From then until the end of 1941 the squadron formed part of No.3 (S.A.A.F.) Wing (together with 24 Squadron SAAF and No. 113 Squadron RAF)[7][8] and used its Marylands to attack Axis troop concentrations and bases.
In January 1942 the squadron received the Douglas Boston, using these aircraft on the same roles from 15 March 1942 until the final German surrender in Tunisia. The squadron then moved to Malta, from where it supported the fighting in Sicily and on the Italian mainland, before moving to Italy in October 1943. Assigned to No. 3 Wing with 21 and 24 squadrons.
The Bostons were retained until January 1944, when they were replaced with the new Martin Marauder. Both aircraft were used in a similar role, to attack enemy communications behind the front line, although the Marauder saw more service at day, and against strategic _targets.
After the war the squadron flew its aircraft back to Egypt, where in November 1945 it disbanded.
Following the end of the war in Europe the squadron flew South African personnel home until it was disbanded.[9]
12 Squadron was re-formed in October 1946 equipped with Avro Anson aircraft for anti-Tsetse fly spraying duties. It operated in this role in Zululand and Mtubatuba.[9]
The squadron was later re-equipped with Sikorsky S-51 helicopters that were at times also utilised in anti-Tsetse fly spraying duties, it but was eventually made a flight of 28 Squadron.[9]
The squadron was re-formed in late 1963 to operate English Electric Canberra bombers.[9] It was the only SAAF squadron equipped with Canberras, and they were used as both tactical bombers and high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft.[10] The squadron saw combat over Angola during the South African Border War,[11] and remained active with these aircraft in 1981.[9] 12 Squadron was disbanded in 1990.[3]
Two ex-12 Squadron Canberras have been preserved by the SAAF.[10]
Aircraft
edit(not necessarily the exact aircraft type or actual aircraft belonging to the squadron.)
-
Junkers Ju.86
1940 -
Boston Mk.III of 12 Sqn
-1943 -
Avro Anson
1946– -
Sikorsky S-51
1954– -
Canberra B(1)12 & T.4
1963–1990 -
Lapel pin of the 12 Bomber Squadron of the South African Air Force during WW2
References
edit- Citations
- ^ Flintham, Vic (2003). Combat Codes. Barnesly: Pen & Sword Aviation. p. 165. ISBN 978-1-84415-691-7.
- ^ Aviation Pictures ZA. "SAAF – A pictorial history".[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Wingrin, Dean. "12 Squadron". The Unofficial Website on the South African Air Force. Dean Wingrin. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
- ^ Potgieter (1970), p. 264
- ^ Macdonald, J.F. (1945). "Chapter II – The Story of 237 Squadron". Lion with tusk guardant. Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia: The Rhodesian Printing and Publishing Co. Ltd. p. 23.
- ^ Latimer (2002), p. 292
- ^ Shores (2012), p. 231
- ^ Shores, Christopher (2012). A History of the Mediterranean Air War 1940-1945 Vol I: North Africa June 1940-January 1943. London: Grub Street.
- ^ a b c d e Potgieter and Steenkamp (1981), p. 68
- ^ a b Steyn, Leon. "SAAF Museum News: What happened to the Canberra?". SAAF News. South African Air Force. Archived from the original on 7 January 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
- ^ Lord (2008), pp. 70, 101, 139, 172
- Bibliography
- Latimer, Jon (2002). Alamein. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-01016-7.
- Lord, Dick (2008). Vlamgat: The Story of the Mirage F1 in the South African Air Force. Johannesburg, South Africa: 30° South Publishers. ISBN 978-1-920143-36-7.
- Potgieter, D.J. (1970). Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa. Vol. 1. NASOU.
- Potgieter, Herman & Steenkamp, Willem (1981). Aircraft of the South African Air Force (2nd ed.). Cape Town: C. Struik. ISBN 0-86977-133-7.
External links
edit
Media related to 12 Squadron SAAF at Wikimedia Commons
