The year 1872 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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Chemistry
edit- Robert Chesebrough patents Vaseline in the United States[1]
- Eugen Baumann rediscovers polyvinyl chloride
- Charles-Adolphe Wurtz discovers the aldol reaction
Conservation
edit- March 1 – Yellowstone National Park is established in the United States, the world's first national park[2][3]
Exploration
edit- December 21 – Challenger expedition: HMS Challenger (1858) sails from Portsmouth in England on the 4-year scientific expedition that lays the foundation for the science of oceanography[4]
Mathematics
edit- Richard Dedekind publishes Stetigkeit und irrationale Zahlen, a theory of irrational numbers[5]
- Felix Klein produces the Erlangen program on geometries[5]
Medicine
edit- February 15 – George Huntington makes the first detailed description of Huntington's disease, in Middleport, Ohio[6][7][8]
- Moritz Kaposi describes Kaposi's sarcoma[9][10] and the manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus
- Ferdinand Monoyer proposes the dioptre as a unit for measuring the optical power of a lens[11]
Physics
edit- Ludwig Boltzmann states the Boltzmann equation for the temporal development of distribution functions in phase space, and publishes his H-theorem[12]
Technology
edit- April 2 – George Brayton obtains a United States patent for a constant pressure internal combustion engine, initially using vaporized gas, and marketed as 'Brayton's Ready Motor'.[13][14]
- John Hopkinson proposes the group flash system for distinguishing lighthouses[15]
- Reverend C. M. Ramus of Sussex, England, devises the single-step hydroplane hull[16]
Institutions
edit- October 1 – the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College begins its first academic session
- The Polytechnic Museum in Moscow is founded[17]
Publications
edit- May – the magazine Popular Science is first published in the United States
- Charles Darwin publishes The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals
Awards
editBirths
edit- April 5 – Samuel Cate Prescott (died 1962), American food scientist and microbiologist
- April 21 - Charles Gandy (died 1943), French physician.
- May 6 – Willem de Sitter (died 1934), Dutch mathematician, physicist and astronomer
- May 21 – Henry E. Warren (died 1957), American inventor
- May 31 – Charles Greeley Abbot (died 1973), American astrophysicist
- August 1 – Solomon Carter Fuller (died 1953), Liberian-born psychiatrist
- September 23 – Marie Depage (died in sinking of the RMS Lusitania 1915), Belgian nurse
- October 4 – Ernest Fourneau (died 1949), French medicinal chemist
Deaths
edit- March 8 – Priscilla Susan Bury (born 1799), English botanist[19]
- April 2 – Samuel Morse (born 1791), American inventor
- May 6 – George Robert Gray (born 1808), English zoologist
- August 11 – Sir Andrew Smith (born 1797), Scottish-born military surgeon, explorer, ethnologist and zoologist
- August 22 – Pierre Charles Alexandre Louis (born 1787), French physician
- November 7 – Alfred Clebsch (born 1833), German mathematician
- December 6 – Félix Archimède Pouchet (born 1800), French scientist
- December 24 – William John Macquorn Rankine (born 1820), Scottish physicist
- Anne Elizabeth Ball (born 1808), Irish psychologist
References
edit- ^ U.S. Patent 127,568.
- ^ "Yellowstone, the First National Park". Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
- ^ U.S. Statutes at Large, Vol. 17, Chap. 24, pp. 32-33. "An Act to set apart a certain Tract of Land lying near the Head-waters of the Yellowstone River as a public Park." From The Evolution of the Conservation Movement, 1850-1920 collection, Library of Congress.
- ^ Rice, A. L. (1999). "The Challenger Expedition". Understanding the Oceans: Marine Science in the Wake of HMS Challenger. London: Routledge. pp. 27–48. ISBN 978-1-85728-705-9. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
- ^ a b Crilly, Tony (2007). 50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know. London: Quercus. ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8.
- ^ Huntington, G. (1872-04-13). "On Chorea". Medical and Surgical Reporter of Philadelphia. 26 (15): 317–321.
- ^ Lanska, D. J. (2000). "George Huntington (1850–1916) and hereditary chorea". Journal of the History of the Neurosciences. 9 (1): 76–89. doi:10.1076/0964-704X(200004)9:1;1-2;FT076. PMID 11232352. S2CID 22659368.
- ^ Vale, Thiago Cardoso; Cardoso, Francisco (2015). "Chorea: A journey through history". Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements. 5: 1–6. doi:10.7916/D8WM1C98. PMC 4454991. PMID 26056609.
- ^ Kaposi, Moriz (1872). "Idiopathisches multiples Pigmentsarkom der Haut". Archiv für Dermatologie und Syphilis. 4 (2): 265–73. doi:10.1007/bf01830024. S2CID 31438763. Translated as: Kaposi, M. (1982). "Idiopathic Multiple Pigmented Sarcoma of the Skin". CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 32 (6): 342–7. doi:10.3322/canjclin.32.6.342.
- ^ "Moriz Kohn Kaposi". Whonamedit?. Retrieved 2011-03-25.
- ^ Monoyer, F. (1872). "Sur l'introduction du système métrique dans le numérotage des verres de lunettes et sur le choix d'une unité de réfraction". Annales d'Oculistiques. 68: 101.
- ^ Encyclopaedia of Physics (2nd ed.). 1991.
- ^ Improvement in Gas-Engines (Patent no. 125166).
- ^ Borth, Christy (1945). Masters of Mass Production. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill. p. 152.
- ^ Beare, T. H. (2004). "Hopkinson, John (1849–1898)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13758. Retrieved 2011-06-02. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ "The Evolution of the Hydroplane". Flight. 6: 796. 1914-07-24. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
- ^ "History". Polytechnic Museum.
- ^ "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ Lightman, Bernard (2004). Dictionary Of Nineteenth-Century of British Scientists Vol.1. Bristol: Thoemmes. p. 356. ISBN 978-1-85506-999-2.