The Great Daylight Fireball (also known as the Grand Teton Meteor) was an Earth-grazing fireball that passed within 57 kilometres (35 mi; 187,000 ft) of Earth's surface at 20:29 UTC on August 10, 1972. It entered Earth's atmosphere at a speed of 15 kilometres per second (9.3 mi/s)[2] in daylight over Utah, United States (14:30 local time) and passed northwards leaving the atmosphere over Alberta, Canada. It was seen by many people and recorded on film and by space-borne sensors.[3] An eyewitness to the event, located in Missoula, Montana, saw the object pass directly overhead and heard a double sonic boom. The smoke trail lingered in the atmosphere for several minutes.
| Date | August 10, 1972 |
|---|---|
| Location | Northern America |
| External media | |
|---|---|
| Images | |
 Earthgrazer:The Great Daylight Fireball of 1972 (Credit & Copyright: Antarctic search for meteorites program, Case Western Reserve University, James M. Baker)[1] | |
| Video | |
 Grand Teton Meteor Near Miss! |
The atmospheric pass modified the object's mass and orbit around the Sun. A 1994 study found that it is probably still in an Earth-crossing orbit and predicted that it would pass close to Earth again in August 1997.[3][4] However, the object has not been observed again and so its post-encounter orbit remains unknown.[5]
Description
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Analysis of its appearance and trajectory showed the object was about 3 to 14 meters (10 to 46 feet) in diameter, depending on whether it was a comet made of ice or a stony and therefore denser asteroid.[2][6] Other sources identified it as an Apollo asteroid in an Earth-crossing orbit that would make a subsequent close approach to Earth in August 1997.[3] In 1994, Czech astronomer Zdeněk Ceplecha reanalysed the data and suggested the passage would have reduced the asteroid's mass to about a third or half of its original mass, reducing its diameter to 2 to 10 meters (7 to 33 feet).[6]
The object was tracked by military surveillance systems and sufficient data obtained to determine its orbit both before and after its 100-second passage through Earth's atmosphere. Its velocity was reduced by about 800 metres per second (1,800 mph) and the encounter significantly changed its orbital inclination from 15 degrees to 7 degrees.[2] If it had not entered at such a grazing angle, this meteoroid would have lost all its velocity in the upper atmosphere, possibly ending in an airburst, and any remnant would have fallen at terminal velocity.[7]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Astronomy Picture of the Day Archived 2016-10-19 at the Wayback Machine. 2009 March 2.
- ^ a b c US19720810 (Daylight Earth grazer) Global Superbolic Network Archive, 2000, 'Size: 5 to 10 m'
- ^ a b c Observation of Meteoroid Impacts by Space-Based Sensors Archived 2007-10-20 at the Wayback Machine Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Edward Tagliaferri, 2003, 'It was first detected by satellite at an altitude of about 73 km, tracked as it descended to about 53 km, and then tracked as it climbed back out of the atmosphere', 'object is still in an Earth-crossing orbit around the Sun and passed close to the Earth again in August 1997'
- ^ Ceplecha, Z. (1994). "Earth-grazing daylight fireball of August 10, 1972". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 283: 287.
- ^ "NEO Chronology – NEO".
- ^ a b Daylight Fireball of August 10, 1972 C. Kronberg, Munich Astro Archive, archived summary by Gary W. Kronk of early analysis and of Zdeněk Ceplecha's paper for Astronomy and Astrophysics in 1994, '3 meters, if a carbonaceous chondrite, or as large as 14 meters, if composed of cometary materials', 'post-encounter ... 2 or 10 meters'
- ^ Collins, Gareth S.; Melosh, H. Jay; Marcus, Robert A. (June 2005). "Earth Impact Effects Program: A Web-based computer program for calculating the regional environmental consequences of a meteoroid impact on Earth". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 40 (6): 817–840. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2005.tb00157.x.
Further reading
edit- Abe, S.; Borovicka, J.; Spurny, P.; Koten, P.; Ceplecha, Z.; Tamagawa, T (18–22 September 2006). "Earth-grazing fireball on March 29, 2006". European Planetary Science Congress 2006 (abstract). Berlin: 486. Bibcode:2006epsc.conf..486A.
the first and second Earth-grazing fireballs observed on August 10, 1972 (Jacchia, 1974; Ceplecha, 1979) and on October 13, 1990 (Borovicka and Ceplecha, 1992)
- Abe, Shinsuke; et al. (2006). "Earth-grazing fireball on March 29, 2006". European Planetary Science Congress 2006: 486. Bibcode:2006epsc.conf..486A. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
full details: orbit, charts, spectra, composition
External links
edit- US19720810 (Daylight Earth grazer) orbital characteristics from Global Superbolide Network Archive, 2000
- Fireball, meteorite, bolide, meteor, video and photo link to photos and cine film by Linda Baker
- Earthgrazer: The Great Daylight Fireball of 1972 overview of the event including photo by NASA's Astronomy Picture of the Day
- Astronomical Society of the Pacific: Observation of Meteoroid Impacts by Space-Based Sensors – one of several similar events; includes ground track
- Earth Impact Calculator