Elections were held in the Australian state of Queensland on 13 June 1998 to elect the 89 members of the state's Legislative Assembly.
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All 89 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland 45 Assembly seats were needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Registered | 2,115,977  5.41% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 1,964,778 (92.85%) ( 1.42 pp) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 The top map shows the first party preference by electorate. The bottom map shows the final two-party preferred vote result by electorate. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The result of the election was a second consecutive hung parliament, with the Labor Party forming minority government after receiving the support of independent Peter Wellington. This election was the first in which One Nation supporters were elected to state Parliament, with the controversial party winning 11 seats. With nearly 23% of the vote, One Nation gained a higher percentage of the vote than any other third party (i.e. not Labor, Coalition, or independents) at the state or territory level since Federation. This was also the only election at which a third party gained more votes than both the Liberal Party and the National Party considered separately. Unlike in previous elections, no attempt was made to calculate the statewide two-party preferred vote (2PP), because the One Nation vote was so high that any 2PP result would have been meaningless.
A few months after the election, the One Nation member for Mulgrave, Charles Rappolt resigned. Labor won the ensuing by-election, allowing it to form government with a bare majority of 45 seats.
Background
editThe previous state election (1995) had resulted in one of the narrowest margins of any Australian election. The National–Liberal Coalition won a slim majority of the two-party vote. However, the Coalition's majority was wasted on massive landslides in its rural heartland, while Labor won 31 seats in Brisbane. Labor Premier Wayne Goss' government thus clung to life by a single seat. This was brought undone when the Court of Disputed Returns ordered a new election in the disputed seat of Mundingburra, which the Liberals won on a modest swing. The balance of power rested with newly elected Independent MLA Liz Cunningham, who announced her support for the Coalition. Goss resigned, and Nationals leader Rob Borbidge was appointed as Premier.
The Borbidge government's popularity suffered in the later part of its term due to the federal Howard government's GST plans. Seeking to create a more definite majority, Borbidge called a new election on 19 May 1998.[1] Although early polling showed the government to be strongly competitive with Labor, led by Peter Beattie, later polls saw Labor gain a substantial lead.[1]
However, the debate between the two parties was rapidly sidelined by One Nation's emerging support. Formed in 1997 by federal Independent MP for Oxley Pauline Hanson, One Nation gained significant support on a platform of economic nationalism, anti-immigration sentiments and opposition to native title. Its platform was particularly well received in the Nationals' heartland of rural Queensland; indeed, at the time the writs were dropped, there had been fears over the past two years that One Nation would sweep the Nationals out of existence. One Nation stood candidates in 79 seats, all largely political novices.[citation needed] The issue of preference allocations to One Nation, under Queensland's optional preferential voting (OPV) system, became a major campaign issue, with eventual poor results for the Liberals attributed to opposition from many of their traditional voters over their decision not to put One Nation last on preferences.
Borbidge had been well aware of the threat from One Nation.[citation needed] He tried to have One Nation preferenced last on Coalition how-to-vote cards.[citation needed] However, the national Liberal and National organisations pressured their Queensland counterparts to preference One Nation ahead of Labor.[citation needed] They apparently thought that One Nation's populism would peel off enough Labor voters to allow the Coalition to win another term.[citation needed]
One Nation won 11 seats and finished second (after preferences) in 23 seats. Seven of One Nation's seats would have gone to Labor had it not been for leakage of Coalition preferences; had Labor won those seats, it would have been able to form government in its own right.[2]
Key dates
edit| Date | Event |
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| 19 May 1998 | Writs were issued by the Governor to proceed with an election.[3] |
| 23 May 1998 | Close of electoral rolls. |
| 26 May 1998 | Close of nominations. |
| 13 June 1998 | Polling day, between the hours of 8am and 6pm. |
| 25 June 1998 | Peter Wellington announced that he would support a minority Labor government. |
| 26 June 1998 | The Borbidge Ministry resigned and the interim Beattie Ministry was sworn in.[4] |
| 29 June 1998 | The full Beattie Ministry was sworn in. |
| 27 July 1998 | The writ was returned and the results formally declared. |
Results
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| Party | Votes | % | Swing | Seats | +/– | |||||
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| Labor | 752,374 | 38.86 | –4.03 | 44 |  1
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| One Nation | 439,121 | 22.68 | +22.68 | 11 | 11
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| Liberal | 311,514 | 16.09 | –6.65 | 9 | 5
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| National | 293,839 | 15.17 | –11.08 | 23 | 6
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| Greens | 45,709 | 2.36 | –0.51 | 0 | 
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| Democrats | 31,119 | 1.61 | +0.36 | 0 |
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| Australia First | 9,560 | 0.49 | +0.49 | 0 |
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| Reform | 7,658 | 0.40 | +0.40 | 0 |
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| Christian Democrats | 2,098 | 0.11 | +0.11 | 0 |
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| Shooters | 1,058 | 0.05 | +0.05 | 0 |
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| Women's | 299 | 0.01 | +0.01 | 0 |
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| Independents | 41,991 | 2.17 | –1.30 | 2 | 1
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| Formal votes | 1,936,340 | 92.85 | +1.42 | — | — | |||||
| Informal votes | 28,438 | 1.45 | −0.30 | — | — | |||||
| Total | 1,964,778 | 100 | — | 89 | — | |||||
| Registered voters / turnout | 2,115,977 | 92.85 | +1.42 | — | — | |||||
Seats changing hands
edit| Seat | 1995 Election | Swing | 1998 Election | ||||||
| Party | Member | Margin | Margin | Member | Party | ||||
| Barambah | National | Trevor Perrett | 24.40 | -30.26 | 5.85 | Dorothy Pratt | One Nation | ||
| Barron River | Liberal | Lyn Warwick | 0.39 | -1.02 | 0.63 | Lesley Clark | Labor | ||
| Burdekin | National | Mark Stoneman | 10.57 | -19.98 | 9.42 | Jeff Knuth | One Nation | ||
| Caboolture | Labor | Jon Sullivan | 2.27 | -4.96 | 2.69 | Bill Feldman | One Nation | ||
| Greenslopes | Liberal | Ted Radke | 0.11 | -5.28 | 5.17 | Gary Fenlon | Labor | ||
| Hervey Bay | Labor | Bill Nunn | 1.92 | -7.20 | 5.28 | David Dalgleish | One Nation | ||
| Ipswich West | Labor | Don Livingstone | 5.49 | -7.35 | 1.85 | Jack Paff | One Nation | ||
| Lockyer | National | Tony Fitzgerald | 20.82 | -24.49 | 3.68 | Peter Prenzler | One Nation | ||
| Mansfield | Liberal | Frank Carroll | 6.70 | -6.87 | 0.17 | Phil Reeves | Labor | ||
| Maryborough | Labor | Bob Dollin | 0.37 | -8.70 | 8.32 | John Kingston | One Nation | ||
| Mount Ommaney | Liberal | Bob Harper | 1.68 | -3.63 | 1.95 | Julie Attwood | Labor | ||
| Mulgrave | National | Naomi Wilson | 0.47 | -4.61 | 4.15 | Charles Rappolt | One Nation | ||
| Mundingburra | Liberal | Frank Tanti¹ | 2.79 | -6.59 | 3.81 | Lindy Nelson-Carr | Labor | ||
| Nicklin | National | Neil Turner | 12.84 | -18.58 | 5.73 | Peter Wellington | Independent | ||
| Springwood | Liberal | Luke Woolmer | 10.77 | -11.33 | 0.57 | Grant Musgrove | Labor | ||
| Tablelands | National | Tom Gilmore | 22.95 | -23.23 | 0.28 | Shaun Nelson | One Nation | ||
| Thuringowa | Labor | Ken McElligott | 1.34 | -7.97 | 6.63 | Ken Turner | One Nation | ||
| Whitsunday | Labor | Lorraine Bird | 0.13 | -1.87 | 1.73 | Harry Black | One Nation | ||
- Members listed in italics did not contest their seats at this election.
- ¹ Frank Tanti gained Mundingburra for the Liberal Party at the 1996 by-election. The Labor Party had retained the seat at the 1995 election.
Post-election pendulum
editSubsequent changes
edit- On 4 November 1998, One Nation Party member Charles Rappolt (Mulgrave) resigned. At the by-election on 5 December 1998, Warren Pitt gained the seat for the Labor Party. This gave Labor 45 seats, enough for a majority government.
- On 6 February 1999, the One Nation Party members Shaun Nelson (Tablelands), Dorothy Pratt (Barambah), and Ken Turner (Thuringowa) resigned from the party and sat as Independents.
- On 23 February 1999, the One Nation Party members John Kingston (Maryborough) and Jeff Knuth (Burdekin) resigned from the party and sat as Independents. On 18 February 2000, Jeff Knuth (Burdekin) joined the City Country Alliance.
- On 22 December 1999, the One Nation Party members Harry Black (Whitsunday), David Dalgleish (Hervey Bay), Bill Feldman (Caboolture), Jack Paff (Ipswich West), and Peter Prenzler (Lockyer) resigned from the party and formed the City Country Alliance.
- On 14 December 1999, the Labor Party member Bob Gibbs (Bundamba) resigned. At the by-election on 5 February 2000, Jo-Ann Miller retained the seat for the Labor Party.
- On 9 January 2000, the Labor Party member Bill D'Arcy (Woodridge) resigned. At the by-election on 5 February 2000, Mike Kaiser retained the seat for the Labor Party.
- On 30 November 2000, Deputy Premier Jim Elder (Capalaba) resigned from the Labor Party and sat as an Independent.
- On 4 December 2000, Grant Musgrove (Springwood) resigned from the Labor Party and sat as an Independent.
- On 10 January 2001, Mike Kaiser (Woodridge) resigned from the Labor Party and sat as an Independent.
Polling
editAlthough the Coalition Government initially enjoyed strong levels of support subsequent to assuming office in 1996, support was quickly lost. From 1997, Labor opened a consistent, albeit narrow, lead in the polls and by 1998 Labor was enjoying a commanding lead. The Coalition was eventually disadvantaged by what was commonly deemed to be poor government performance and the rapid rise of One Nation support, which under the state's optional preferential voting, fractured the Conservative vote. The Coalition vote significantly plummeted, whilst Labor essentially withstood the swing to One Nation.
| Primary vote | ||||||
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| Date | L/NP | ALP | ONP | OTH | ||
| 1998 election | 31.3% | 38.9% | 22.7% | 7.1% | ||
| 10–11 Jun 1998 | 33% | 41.5% | 18.5% | 7% | ||
| 29–31 May 1998 | 34% | 44% | 15% | 7% | ||
| Apr–May 1998 | 39% | 41% | 10% | 10% | ||
| Jan–Mar 1998 | 39% | 41% | 5% | 15% | ||
| Oct–Dec 1997 | 38% | 43% | 19% | |||
| Jul–Sep 1997 | 41% | 40% | 19% | |||
| Apr–Jun 1997 | 41% | 41% | 18% | |||
| Jan–Mar 1997 | 41% | 44% | 15% | |||
| Oct–Dec 1996 | 46% | 41% | 13% | |||
| Jul–Sep 1996 | 49% | 42% | 9% | |||
| 1995 election | 49.0% | 42.9% | 8.1% | |||
See also
edit- Candidates of the Queensland state election, 1998
- Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, 1995–1998
- Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, 1998–2001
- Borbidge Ministry
- Beattie Ministry
References
edit- ^ a b "1998 Queensland Election (Current Issues Brief 2 1998-99)". Aph.gov.au. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 25 January 2012.
- ^ Green, Antony. Queensland election preview. Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 2012-01-25.
- ^ Electoral Commission of Queensland (1998). Queensland Election 1998: Statistical Returns. p. 8. ISBN 0-7242-5023-9.
- ^ Queensland Parliamentary Library (2009). Queensland Parliamentary Record: the 52nd parliament. pp. 114–115. ISSN 1449-2083.
- ^ Wanna, John (December 1998). "Australian Political Chronicle: January–June 1998". Australian Journal of Politics and History. 44 (4): 593. ISSN 0004-9522.
- ^ Hughes, Colin A. (2002). A handbook of Australian government and politics, 1985-1999. Federation Press. p. 329. ISBN 978-1-86287-434-3.
- ^ "QLD Newspoll". Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2014.