The 741st Missile Squadron is a United States Air Force unit stationed at Minot Air Force Base, North Dakota. The squadron is equipped with the LGM-30G Minuteman III intercontinental ballistic missile, with a mission of nuclear deterrence.
741st Missile Squadron
 | |
|---|---|
 LGM-30G Minuteman III test launch at Vandenberg AFB, California | |
| Active | 1943–1945; 1947–1949; 1956–1957; 1962–present |
| Country |  United States |
| Branch |  United States Air Force |
| Type | Squadron |
| Role | Intercontinental ballistic missile |
| Part of | Air Force Global Strike Command |
| Garrison/HQ | Minot Air Force Base, North Dakota |
| Nickname(s) | Gravel Haulers[citation needed] |
| Motto(s) | Fidelitas et Fortitudo Latin Fidelity and Fortitude[1] |
| Engagements | Mediterranean Theater of Operations |
| Decorations | Distinguished Unit Citation Air Force Outstanding Unit Award |
| Commanders | |
| Current commander | Lt Col Richard H. Morrison |
| Insignia | |
| 741st Missile Squadron emblem[a][1] |  |
| 741st Strategic Missile Squadron emblem(approved 29 September 1964)[1] |  |
| 741st Bombardment Squadron emblem (World War II)[2][b] |  |
The squadron was first activated as the 741st Bombardment Squadron in June 1943. After training in the United States with the Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers, the 741st deployed to the Mediterranean Theater of Operations, participating in the strategic bombing campaign against Germany. It earned two Distinguished Unit Citations for its combat operations. Following V-E Day, it remained in Italy without its flight echelon until inactivating in September 1945
The squadron was activated in the reserve in 1947, but apparently was not fully manned or equipped before inactivating in June 1949 and transferring its resources to another unit. It was redesignated the 741st Fighter-Day Squadron and activated, but did not become operational before inactivating in July 1957. In November 1962 it was organized as the 741st Strategic Missile Squadron, an LGM-30B Minuteman I squadron. In 1971 it upgraded to the Minuteman III, and is currently a part of the 91st Operations Group.
Mission
editThe 741st Missile Squadron controls and maintains 50 launch facilities and 5 missile alert facilities. The squadron is divided into missile operations flights, which are responsible for day-to-day operations, maintenance, and security, and an operations support flight, which is responsible for ensuring the readiness of the missile alert facilities.[3]
History
editWorld War II
editTraining in the United States
editThe squadron was first activated at Alamogordo Army Air Field, New Mexico on 1 June 1943 as the 741st Bombardment Squadron, one of the four squadrons of the 455th Bombardment Group.[1][4] The initial cadre for the squadron was drawn from the 302d Bombardment Group. In July, a group cadre was given advanced tactical training by the Army Air Forces School of Applied Tactics at Orlando Army Air Base and Pinecastle Army Air Field, Florida. After organizing at Alamogordo, the squadron moved to Utah, where the ground echelon was stationed at Kearns Army Air Base, although flying operations were based at Salt Lake City Army Air Base.[5] After completing training at Langley Field, Virginia, the squadron departed the United States for the Mediterranean Theater of Operations in December 1943.[1] The air echelon began staging through Mitchel Field, New York to ferry their Liberators via the southern ferry route.[6] The ground echelon sailed on the USS President Monroe.[7]
Combat operations
edit
The air echelon of the squadron was delayed in Tunisia and was not entirely lodged at the squadron's combat station of San Giovanni Airfield, Italy until 1 February 1944, and the squadron flew its first mission that month. The squadron was engaged primarily in the strategic bombing campaign against Germany, attacking _targets like airfields, factories, oil refineries, harbors, marshalling yards in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Romania, and Yugoslavia.[4]
On 2 April 1944, the squadron attacked a ball bearing plant at Steyr, Austria for which it earned a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC). The primary _target, the Daimler-Pusch aircraft engine factory was obscured by clouds, so the unit attacked the nearby ball bearing plant although attacks by an estimated 75 twin engine fighters continued through the bomb run and heavy, accurate flak was encountered. The squadron was the only one in the 455th Group not to suffer any losses in this operation.[8][d]
On 26 June 1944, the squadron encountered fighter opposition that was described as the strongest Fifteenth Air Force had encountered to date, and which destroyed several Liberators of the 455th Group, which was leading the 304th Bombardment Wing on the raid. The enemy fighters intensified their attacks on the squadron after they were able to separate the 741st from its fighter escort. One squadron bomber was lost when a Luftwaffe fighter dove head on into it. The Liberator continued on the bomb run and dropped its bombs on the _target before crashing into the ground.[e] Other fighters continued their attacks to within 100 feet of the squadron's planes. The squadron pressed its attack on an oil refinery at Moosbierbaum, Austria, for which it received a second DUC.[4][9]
The squadron provided air support to ground forces in Operation Shingle, the landings at Anzio and the Battle of Monte Cassino in the spring of 1944. It knocked out coastal defenses to clear the way for Operation Dragoon, the invasion of southern France in September. As Axis forces were withdrawing from the Balkan peninsula in the fall of 1944, the squadron bombed marshalling yards, troop concentrations and airfields to slow their retreat. It flew air interdiction missions to support Operation Grapeshot, the Spring 1945 offensive in Northern Italy.[4]
The squadron flew its last combat mission on 25 April 1945 against rail yards at Linz, Austria.[10] Following the surrender of German forces in Italy, it flew some supply missions and transported personnel to ports and airfields for shipment back to the United States. Most of the air echelon returned to the United States, ferrying their aircraft in June. Many of the squadron's remaining personnel were transferred to other units in the 304th Bombardment Wing for shipment back to the United States, while the squadron remained in Italy, serving as a replacement depot. The last of the air echelon departed Italy in July and the squadron was inactivated on 9 September 1945.[1][11]
Air Force reserve
editThe squadron was reactivated as a reserve unit under Air Defense Command (ADC) at Hensley Field, Texas in June 1947, where its training was supervised by ADC's 4122d AAF Base Unit (later the 2596th Air Force Reserve Training Center).[citation needed] It was nominally a very heavy bomber unit, but the squadron does not appear to have been fully manned or equipped while a reserve unit.[12] In 1948 Continental Air Command (ConAC) assumed responsibility for managing reserve and Air National Guard units from ADC.[13] President Truman's reduced 1949 defense budget required reductions in the number of units in the Air Force.[14] ConAC also reorganized its reserve units under the wing base organization system in June 1949. As a result, the squadron was inactivated and its personnel and equipment were absorbed by elements of the 443d Troop Carrier Wing, which was activated simultaneously.[1][15]
Tactical Air Command
editThe squadron was redesignated the 741st Fighter-Day Squadron and activated at Myrtle Beach Air Force Base, South Carolina in July 1956 as Tactical Air Command planned to organize a second North American F-100 Super Sabre wing there. Some personnel were assigned to the unit, but it never became operational with aircraft. It was inactivated in July 1957 and its few personnel assigned were reassigned to elements of the 354th Fighter-Day Wing.[1][16]
Intercontinental ballistic missile squadron
edit
The squadron was redesignated the 741st Strategic Missile Squadron and activated on 1 December 1962 as an intercontinental ballistic missile squadron at Minot Air Force Base, North Dakota. The squadron was initially equipped with 50 LGM-30B Minuteman Is, and placed its first missile on alert in 1963. The 741st upgraded to the LGM-30G Minuteman III and on 19 August 1970 was the first unit to place a Minuteman III on alert status.[17] It has maintained ICBMs on alert ever since.[1]
The squadron has undergone several changes in assignment that did not affect its mission. In June 1968, the 455th Strategic Missile Wing at Minot was replaced by the 91st Strategic Missile Wing, which moved from Glasgow Air Force Base, Montana to Minot on paper, and the squadron was reassigned to the 91st Wing.[18] In September 1991 Strategic Air Command (SAC) reorganized its combat wings under the combat wing organization, and the 91st Wing's missile squadrons were assigned to the reactivated 91st Operations Group. In 1992, the Air Force reorganized its combat forces. SAC was inactivated and the squadron became an element of Air Combat Command until July 1993, when it became part of Air Force Space Command. Between 1994 and 1996, the wing was reduced to group level. In December 2009, the Air Force's nuclear capable missile units, including the 741st, were transferred to Air Force Global Strike Command.[1][19][20]
Squadron missile sites are designated by flight, using one letter of the alphabet, followed by a number. The first site in each flight is No. 1 and designates the Missile Alert Facility, which consists of an above-ground structure plus an underground launch control center staffed by two officers. The launch facilities are numbered 2 through 11 and are connected to the launch control center by hardened intersite cables, which also interconnect flights. The 741st includes flights F through J.[21]
The 741st became the first unit in Twentieth Air Force to operate the LCC NetLink computer system. This system allows missile combat crew members access to remote monitoring systems (including security and weather monitoring systems), automated maintenance systems, training materials and other items on Minot's local area network while on alert. Prior to NetLink, no external communication systems, aside from telephone, was allowed into the launch control center.[22]
Lineage
edit- Constituted as the 741st Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 14 May 1943
- Activated on 1 June 1943
- Redesignated 741st Bombardment Squadron, Heavy on 6 March 1944
- Inactivated on 9 September 1945
- Redesignated 741st Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy on 27 May 1947
- Activated in the reserve on 26 June 1947
- Inactivated on 27 June 1949
- Redesignated 741st Fighter-Day Squadron on 7 May 1956
- Activated on 25 July 1956
- Inactivated on 1 July 1957
- Redesignated 741st Strategic Missile Squadron (ICBM-Minuteman) and activated on 26 June 1962 (not organized)
- Organized on 1 December 1962
- Redesignated 741st Missile Squadron on 1 September 1991[1]
Assignments
edit- 455th Bombardment Group, 1 June 1943 – 9 September 1945
- 455th Bombardment Group, 26 June 1947 – 27 June 1949
- 455th Fighter-Day Group, 25 July 1956 – 1 July 1957
- Strategic Air Command, 28 June 1962 (not organized)
- 455th Strategic Missile Wing, 1 December 1962
- 91st Strategic Missile Wing, 25 June 1968
- 91st Operations Group, 1 September 1991
- 91st Missile Group, 1 July 1994
- 91st Operations Group, 1 February 1996 – present[1]
Stations
edit- Alamogordo Army Air Field, New Mexico, 1 June 1943
- Kearns Army Air Base, Utah, 9 September 1943
- Langley Field, Virginia, 5 October – 13 December 1943
- San Giovanni Airfield, Italy, 15 January 1944 – 9 September 1945
- Hensley Field, Texas, 10 January 1947 – 27 June 1949
- Myrtle Beach Air Force Base, South Carolina, 25 July 1956 – 1 July 1957
- Minot Air Force Base, North Dakota, 1 November 1962 – present[1]
Aircraft and missiles
edit- Consolidated B-24 Liberator, 1943–1945
- LGM-30B Minuteman I, 1963–1971
- LGM-30G Minuteman III, 1968–present[1]
Awards and campaigns
edit| Award streamer | Award | Dates | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
Distinguished Unit Citation | 2 April 1944 | Steyr, Austria, 741st Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Distinguished Unit Citation | 26 June 1944 | Austria, 741st Bombardment Squadron[1] |
 |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 1972-30 June 1973 | 741st Strategic Missile Squadron[1] |
| |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 1972-30 June 1973 | 741st Strategic Missile Squadron[1] |
| |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 1976-30 June 1978 | 741st Strategic Missile Squadron[1] |
| |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 1978-30 June 1980 | 741st Strategic Missile Squadron[1] |
| |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 July 1989-14 February 1991 | 741st Strategic Missile Squadron[1] |
| |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 September 1993-31 August 1995 | 741st Missile Squadron[1] |
| |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 September 1995-31 August 1997 | 741st Missile Squadron[1] |
| |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 October 1998-30 September 2000 | 741st Missile Squadron[1] |
| |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 October 2000-1 October 2001 | 741st Missile Squadron[1] |
| |
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award | 1 January-31 December 2002 | 741st Missile Squadron[1] |
| Campaign Streamer | Campaign | Dates | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
 |
Air Offensive, Europe | 15 January 1944 – 5 June 1944 | 741st Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Air Combat, EAME Theater | 15 January 1944 – 11 May 1945 | 741st Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Naples-Foggia | 15 January 1944 – 21 January 1944 | 741st Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Anzio | 22 January 1944 – 24 May 1944 | 741st Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Rome-Arno | 22 January 1944 – 9 September 1944 | 741st Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Central Europe | 22 March 1944 – 21 May 1945 | 741st Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Normandy | 6 June 1944 – 24 July 1944 | 741st Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Northern France | 25 July 1944 – 14 September 1944 | 741st Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Southern France | 15 August 1944 – 14 September 1944 | 741st Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
North Apennines | 10 September 1944 – 4 April 1945 | 741st Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Rhineland | 15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945 | 741st Bombardment Squadron[1] |
| |
Po Valley | 3 April 1945 – 8 May 1945 | 741st Bombardment Squadron[1] |
See also
editReferences
editNotes
edit- Explanatory notes
- ^ Modified 9 March 1995.
- ^ This emblem was apparently never approved. See Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 731 (no approved emblem as of 1963).
- ^ Aircraft is Ford Motors built Consolidated B-24H-10-FO Liberator, serial 42-52249, Fords Folly. This plane was shot down over Sichelbach, Austria on 16 June 1944. Baugher, Joe (14 May 2023). "1942 USAF Serial Numbers". Joe Baugher. Retrieved 14 June 2023. Missing Air Crew Report 6956.
- ^ This was at least in part because the squadron only put two Liberators over the _target on the mission. Asch, et al., p. 67.
- ^ The group report expressly mentions the crew of this plane continuing the attack. While the squadron history and DUC citation both mention the collision, neither discusses the continuation of the attack. Compare Asch, et al., p. 82 (group report) with p. 83 (squadron history) and p. 85 (DUC citation).
- Citations
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al Robertson, Patsy (28 May 2010). "Factsheet 741 Missile Squadron (AFGSC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
- ^ Watkins, pp. 100–101
- ^ No byline (28 May 2006). "Minot Air Force Base Factsheets: 741st Missile Squadron". 5th Bomb Wing Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 14 June 2007. Retrieved 21 March 2008.
- ^ a b c d Maurer, Combat Units, p. 330
- ^ Asch, et al., pp. 10–13
- ^ Asch, et al., p. 25
- ^ Asch, et al., p.32
- ^ Asch, et al., pp. 61–69
- ^ Asch, et al., pp. 82–85
- ^ Asch, et al., p. 156
- ^ Asch, et al., p. 161
- ^ See Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 730 (listing no aircraft for the period 1947–1949)
- ^ "Abstract, Mission Project Closeup, Continental Air Command". Air Force History Index. 27 December 1961. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
- ^ Knaack, p. 25
- ^ Ravenstein, pp. 240–241
- ^ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 730–731
- ^ Narducci, p. 18
- ^ Ravenstein, pp. 125–128, 250
- ^ Haulman, Daniel L. (17 July 2009). "Factsheet Air Force Global Strike Command". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
- ^ Bailey, Carl E. (24 July 2008). "Factsheet Air Force Space Command". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
- ^ Kirkpatrick, Jim. "Minot AFB Minuteman Missile Site Coordinates". University of Wyoming. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
- ^ Page, et al., pp. 66=68
Bibliography
edit
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
- Asch, Col Alfred; Graff, Col Hugh R.; Ramey, Lt Col Thomas A. (1991). 455th Bomb Group (H): Flight of the Vulgar Vultures. Appleton WI: Graphic Communications Center. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
- Knaack, Marcelle Size (1978). Encyclopedia of US Air Force Aircraft and Missile Systems (PDF). Vol. 2, Post-World War II Bombers 1945–1973. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-59-5. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979.
- Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556.
- Narducci, Henry M. (1988). Strategic Air Command and the Alert Program: A Brief History. Offutt AFB, NE: Office of the Historian, Strategic Air Command. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
- Page, Capt Joseph T. II; Bigley, Capt Mark C.; Angell, MSG Douglas S. (2015). "Launch Control Center NetLink" (PDF). High Frontier: The Journal for Space and Missile Professionals. 2 (3). Air Force Space Command: 66–68. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2014. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
- Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947–1977. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
- Watkins, Robert A. (2009). Insignia and Aircraft Markings of the U.S. Army Air Force in World War II. Vol. IV, European-African-Middle Eastern Theater of Operations. Atglen, PA: Shiffer Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7643-3401-6.