The 980s decade ran from January 1, 980, to December 31, 989.

Events

980

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Europe
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England
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Arabian Empire
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Africa
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Religion
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981

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Europe
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Asia
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Exploration
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Religion
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Commerce
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982

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Europe
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  • Summer – Emperor Otto II (the Red) assembles an imperial expeditionary force at Taranto, and proceeds along the gulf coast towards Calabria. In the meantime, Emir Abu'l-Qasim (Kalbid) of the Emirate of Sicily declares a Holy War (jihad) against the Germans, but his forces retreat when he notices the unexpected strength of Otto's troops (not far from Rossano).
  • July 13 (or 14) – Battle of Stilo: Abu'l-Qasim is cornered by the imperial German forces led by Otto II at Cape Colonna (south of Crotone). After a violent clash, the German heavy cavalry destroys the Muslim centre, killing al-Qasim in the initial fighting. The Saracens hold together and draw Otto into a trap, encircling and defeating his forces (killing around 4,000 men).[3]
  • King Harald Bluetooth invades Norway, pillaging southwest Norway all the way to Stad, where he encounters Haakon Sigurdsson (the de facto ruler of Norway) and his army. He flees back to Denmark, ending the invasion.
Asia
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Exploration
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Religion
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983

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Europe
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Arabian Empire
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China
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Religion
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984

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Europe
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Japan
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  • Fall – Emperor En'yū abdicates the throne in favor of his 16-year-old son Kazan after a 15-year reign. En'yū retires and becomes a Buddhist priest.

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Technology
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Religion
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985

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Europe
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England
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Asia
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Exploration
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Religion
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986

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Byzantine Empire
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Europe
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Arabian Empire
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Asia
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By topic

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Exploration
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Literature
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987

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Byzantine Empire
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Europe
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Africa
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988

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Byzantine Empire
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Europe
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China
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Religion
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Economy
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989

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Byzantine Empire
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Europe
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Religion
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Art
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Education
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Astronomy
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Significant people

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Births

980

981

982

983

984

985

986

987

988

989

Deaths

980

981

982

983

984

985

986

987

988

989

References

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  1. ^ Reuter, Timothy (1999). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III, p. 254. ISBN 978-0-521-36447-8.
  2. ^ James Hastings (2003). Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics - Part 24, p. 847 (Kessinger Publishing).
  3. ^ Reuter, Timothy (1999). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III, p. 255. ISBN 978-0-521-36447-8.
  4. ^ "Islamic Culture and the Medical Arts_Hospitals". Retrieved 8 November 2011.
  5. ^ Twitchett, Denis C.; Franke, Herbert; Fairbank, John King (1978). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 907-1368. Cambridge University Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-521-24331-5.
  6. ^ Reuter, Timothy (1999). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III, p. 256. ISBN 978-0-521-36447-8.
  7. ^ Eleanor Shipley Duckett, Death and life in the Tenth Century, (University of Michigan Press, 1967), p. 110.
  8. ^ Reuter, Timothy (1999). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III, p. 256. ISBN 978-0-521-36447-8.
  9. ^ Boissonade, B. (1934). "Les premières croisades françaises en Espagne. Normands, Gascons, Aquitains et Bourguignons (1018-1032)". Bulletin Hispanique. 36 (1): 5–28. doi:10.3406/hispa.1934.2607.
  10. ^ "Lady Wulfruna c. 935-1005, Founder of the City". Wolverhampton City Council. Archived from the original on April 23, 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
  11. ^ Zlatarski, History of the Bulgarian state, v. I, ch. 2, pp. 674–675.
  12. ^ Raffaele D'Amato (2010). Osprey: MAA - 459: The Varangian Guard 988–1453, p. 6. ISBN 978-1-84908-179-5.
  13. ^ Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle). L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 109. ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
  14. ^ Robert Fawtier, The Capetian Kings of France, transl. Lionel Butler and R.J. Adam, (Macmillan, 1989), p.48.
  15. ^ France, John (1991). "The occasion of the coming of the Normans to southern Italy". Journal of Medieval History. 17 (1): 183–203. doi:10.1016/0304-4181(91)90033-H.
  16. ^ Gilbert Meynier (2010). L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518). Paris: La Découverte; p. 45.
  17. ^ "Odense Bys Historie" (in Danish). Odense Bys Museer. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
  18. ^ Reuter, Timothy (1999). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III, p. 390. ISBN 978-0-521-36447-8.
  19. ^ Maranci, Christina (September 2003). "The Architect Trdat: Building Practices and Cross-Cultural Exchange in Byzantium and Armenia". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 62 (3): 294–305. doi:10.2307/3592516. JSTOR 3592516.
  20. ^ "Theodora - Byzantine empress [981-1056]". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  21. ^ Evariste Lévi-Provençal, ´"Abd al-Rahman b. Muhammad b. Abi Amir Sanchuelo", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam. Second edition, vol. 1 (1960), p. 84.
  22. ^ "Boniface VII". Oxford Reference. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
  23. ^ Kraemer, Joel L. (1992). Humanism in the Renaissance of Islam: The Cultural Revival During the Buyid Age. BRILL. p. 195. ISBN 9789004097360.
  24. ^ David Peter Kirby; Ann Williams; Alfred P. Smyth (1991). A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Britain: England, Scotland, and Wales, C. 500-c. 1050. Seaby. p. 179.
  25. ^ Murray, Alexander (2002). Reason and Society in the Middle Ages. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 376.
  26. ^ Bacharach, Jere L. (2006). Islamic History Through Coins: An Analysis and Catalogue of Tenth-century Ikhshidid Coinage. Cairo: American University in Cairo. pp. 60–61. ISBN 9774249305.
  27. ^ Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band III Teilband 1 (Marburg, Germany: J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 49
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Note 1