Abu Tor, also Abu Thor or ath-Thori, (Hebrew: אבו תור; Arabic: أبو طور or الثوري, lit. Arabic meaning "Father of the Bull"; In Hebrew also called גבעת חנניה (Giv'at Hanania), lit. "Hananiah's hill") is a mixed Jewish and Arab neighborhood in East Jerusalem, built on a prominence south of the Old City.[1]
Geography
editAbu Tor is bounded by the Valley of Hinnom on the north, by the Valley of Azal (Wadi Yasul/Nahal Azal) on the south, Hebron Road and the old Jerusalem Railway Station to the west, and the Sherover Promenade, Armon HaNetziv and Peace Forest to the south.[2] The "official" Hebrew name of the neighborhood is Givat Hananya ("Hananya's Hill").[3]
Etymology
edit
According to a traditional story, during the Ayyubid period after Saladin captured Jerusalem in 1187, the area of Abu Tor was assigned by Al-Aziz Uthman to an officer in Saladin's army.[4][5] His name was Sheikh Shehab ed Din, but he was called "Sheikh Ahmed et Toreh" (Sheikh Ahmed of the bull) or "Abu Tor" (the man with the bull, or the father of the bull) as he was said to have accompanied Saladin riding on a bull.[4][6][7]
Location
editThe hill on which Abu Tor stands was called "Jebel Deir Abu Tor" (mountain of the monastery of Abu Tor), or the "Hill of Evil Counsel", referring to a legend that it was the site of the house of Caiaphas, where Judas plotted to betray Jesus.[7] A monastery or convent dedicated to St. Mark (whose emblem was an ox) may have once been there.[7][8]
History
editLate Ottoman period
editAbu Tor was developed as a residential quarter in the late 19th century by Muslim and Christian Arabs from Jerusalem.[9] A Jewish neighborhood called Beit Yosef was established in 1888.[9]
British Mandate
editAbu Tor was incorporated into the Jerusalem municipal district during the British Mandate period.[10]
Israel
editFrom the establishment of Israel in 1948 until 1967, the border between Israel and Jordan ran through Abu Tor.[11] The first four roads beyond Hebron Road were Israeli and the remaining roads were Jordanian.[2] In January 1949, Israel and Jordan, represented by Moshe Dayan and Abdullah el-Tell, held talks on the status of Jerusalem. Dayan presented the partition of Jerusalem as a common interest, and offered an exchange of territories that included the military post in Abu Tor, but his offer was turned down.[12]
Demography
editAbu Tor is one of the few Jerusalem neighborhoods with a mixed Arab and Jewish population. Due to its mixed population, many journalists, diplomats and United Nations employees choose to live there.[13] While the Jewish section of Abu Tor is predominantly secular, the neighborhood has two synagogues - Har Refaim Synagogue for Ashkenazi Jews on Nachshon Street,[14] and Shalom V'Achva Synagogue for Sephardi Jews. Abu Tor had a population of 15,500 in 2010.[15]
Urban development
editA large multiplex cinema, the Sherover complex, is located in Abu Tor.[16] The center, just off Hebron Road, houses seven movie theaters, coffee shops and restaurants, an auditorium, a library, classrooms and art galleries.[17] The complex, which began operating in 2015, also screens films on the Sabbath.[18]
References
edit- ^ East Jerusalem, the capital of dropouts Haaretz. 5 September 2012
- ^ a b "About Abu Tor - Har Refaim Synagogue, Abu Tor, Jerusalem". Archived from the original on 2010-04-30. Retrieved 2008-04-29. About Abu Tor - Har Refaim Synagogue, Abu Tor, Jerusalem
- ^ Studies in Historical Geography and Biblical Historiography Zecharia Kallai
- ^ a b Moudjir ed-dyn, 1876, p. 290, orig page 488, cited in Canaan, 1927, p. 286
- ^ Ruth Kark and Shimon Landman (1980). "The establishment of Muslim neighbourhoods in Jerusalem, outside the old city, during the late Ottoman period". Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 112 (2): 113–135. doi:10.1179/peq.1980.112.2.113.
- ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 318
- ^ a b c Warren and Conder, 1884, p. 397
- ^ Canaan, 1927, p. 287 Archived 2015-04-18 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b A. Arnon (1992). "The Quarters of Jerusalem in the Ottoman Period". Middle Eastern Studies. 28: 1–65. doi:10.1080/00263209208700889.
- ^ Ruth Kark and Michal Oren-Nordheim (1996). "Colonial cities in Palestine? Jerusalem under the British Mandate". Israel Affairs. 3 (2): 50–94. doi:10.1080/13537129608719419.
- ^ "Neighbors if not friends".
- ^ Breger, Marshall J.; Ahimeir, Ora (June 1, 2002). Jerusalem: A City and Its Future. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 9780815629122 – via Google Books.
- ^ "NJ.com: Special Projects". Archived from the original on 2011-06-05. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
- ^ "Har Refaim Synagogue - בית כנסת הר רפאים". www.harrefaim.com.
- ^ "The first page in the facts" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 2, 2014.
- ^ The rising star at Jerusalem City Hall, Haaretz
- ^ In calm J'lem neighborhood of Abu Tor, big construction project angers residents, The Jerusalem Post
- ^ "Yes Planet makes Jerusalem big-screen debut". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com.
Bibliography
edit- Besant, Walter; Palmer, E.H. (1871). Jerusalem, the City of Herod and Saladin. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. (p. 432)
- Canaan, Tawfiq (1927). Mohammedan Saints and Sanctuaries in Palestine. London: Luzac & Co. Archived from the original on 2019-05-16. Retrieved 2015-04-11.
- Conder, C. R. (1877). "The Moslem Mukams". Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 9: 89–103. (p. 100)
- Moudjir ed-dyn (1876). Sauvaire (ed.). Histoire de Jérusalem et d'Hébron depuis Abraham jusqu'à la fin du XVe siècle de J.-C. : fragments de la Chronique de Moudjir-ed-dyn.
- Nissenbaum, Dion (2016). A Street Divided: Stories From Jerusalem's Alley of God. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1250072948.
- Palmer, E. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Warren, Charles; Conder, Claude Reignier (1884). The Survey of Western Palestine: Jerusalem. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
External links
edit- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 17: IAA, Wikimedia commons
