Alban Butler (13 October 1710 – 15 May 1773) was an English Roman Catholic priest and hagiographer. Born in Northamptonshire, he studied at the English College, in Douai, where he later taught philosophy and theology. He served as guide on the Grand Tour to the nephews of the Earl of Shrewsbury. Upon his return in 1749, Butler was made chaplain to the Duke of Norfolk. He was appointed president of the English seminary at Saint Omer in France. Butler is mainly known for his Lives of the Saints, the result of thirty years of work.
Biography
editAlban Butler was born in 1710, at Appletree, Aston le Walls, Northamptonshire, the second son of Simon Butler, Esq.[1] His father died when he was young and he was sent to the Lancashire boarding school run by Dame Alice.[2] He went on to a Catholic further education at the English College, Douai, in France. In 1735 Butler was ordained a priest. At Douai, he was appointed professor of philosophy, and later professor of theology. It was at Douai that he began his principal work The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and Other Principal Saints. He also prepared material for Richard Challoner's Memoirs of Missionary Priests, a work on the martyrs of the reign of Elizabeth.[2]
In 1745, Butler came to the attention of the Duke of Cumberland, younger son of King George II, for his devotion to the wounded English soldiers during the defeat at the Battle of Fontenoy.[3]
Around 1746, Butler served as tutor and guide on the Grand Tour to James and Thomas Talbot, nephews of Gilbert Talbot, 13th Earl of Shrewsbury. Their elder brother, George, succeeded their uncle as 14th Earl of Shrewsbury. Both James and Thomas Talbot later became Catholic bishops.[4]
Butler returned to England in 1749 and was made chaplain to the Duke of Norfolk, whose nephew and heir, the Hon. Edward Howard, Butler accompanied to Paris as tutor. While he was in Paris, Butler completed his Lives.
He laboured for some time as a missionary priest in Staffordshire, and was finally appointed president of the English seminary at Saint Omer in France, where he remained until his death.[2] During his term as President of the English seminary, Butler also served the bishops of Arras, Saint-Omer, Ypres, and Boulogne-Sur-Mer as their Vicar-General. Butler died in Saint-Omer in 1773 and was buried in the parish church of Saint-Denis.[3]
See An Account of the Life of A. B. by C. B., i.e. by his nephew Charles Butler (London, 1799); and Joseph Gillow's Bibliographical Dictionary of English Catholics, vol. i.[5]
The Lives of Saints
edit
Butler's great work, The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints ("Butler's Lives"), the result of thirty years' study, was first published in four volumes in London, 1756–1759.[6] It is a popular and compendious reproduction of the Acta Sanctorum, exhibiting great industry and research, and is in all respects the best compendium of Acta in English.[5] Butler's magnum opus has passed many editions and translations.
The first edition (1756–1759)
editThis edition was printed initially in 4 octavo volumes, with no stated publisher or author's name. However they were so thick that they were usually bound in more volumes. There were actually 6 title pages since Vol. 3 and Vol. 4 both have a "part 2" issued thus: vol. 1, vol. 2, vol. 3, vol. 3 part 2, vol. 4, and vol. 4 part 2. Each "volume" contained three months of the liturgical calendar's Saints' lives. Vol. 1 also had a copperplate engraving with figures of the Roman devices of torture used, and a 2-page explanation of their use.
Charles Butler's assertion that "all the notes" were left out of the first edition at the suggestion of Bishop Challoner is exaggerated. There are many useful, and even extended, notes in the first edition, but not to the extent that they appear in the second, and succeeding editions. According to Charles Knight, the 1847 edition published in twelve volumes is considered the best and most complete.[1]
Modern editions
editSince Fr. Butler published his original edition of his Lives, many successors have revised and updated the work. Father Herbert Thurston, SJ, edited and significantly rewrote the work; his 12-volume "Revised Edition" was published between 1926 and 1938.[7]
References
edit- ^ a b Knight, Charles (1872). "Butler, Alban". Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia". Bradbury, Evans & Company.
- ^ a b c Ward, Bernard (1908). "Alban Butler". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
- ^ a b "BUTLER, ALBAN, 1711-1773. Letter from Saint-Omer, France to unknown English correspondent, 1770". PITTS THEOLOGY LIBRARY ARCHIVES AND MANUSCRIPTS DEPT. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
- ^ Ward, Bernard (25 March 1909). "The Dawn Of The Catholic Revival In England, 1781-1803 Volume 1". London, New York : Longmans, Green. Retrieved 25 March 2023 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Butler, Alban". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 881.
- ^ Butler, Alban (1759), The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints..., vol. IV, Part II, London.
- ^ Heimann, Mary (23 September 2004). "Thurston, Herbert Henry Charles (1856–1939) | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/48528. Retrieved 29 March 2010. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
External links
edit- Works by Alban Butler at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about Alban Butler at the Internet Archive
- Works by Alban Butler at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
- "The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints", Complete text of the 12 vol. ed. of 1866 at Bartleby.com
- Alban Butler letter from Saint-Omer, France, 1770 at Pitts Theology Library, Candler School of Theology
- One modern abridged Concise Edition is: ISBN 0-06-069299-5
- A modern complete edition (1995–2000) is also available in 12 volumes, organized by month and feast day: (The January volume is ISBN 0-8146-2377-8; February ISBN 0-8146-2378-6; March ISBN 0-8146-2379-4; April ISBN 0-8146-2380-8; May ISBN 0-8146-2381-6; June ISBN 0-8146-2382-4; July ISBN 0-8146-2383-2; August ISBN 0-8146-2384-0; September ISBN 0-8146-2385-9; October ISBN 0-8146-2386-7; November ISBN 0-8146-2387-5; December ISBN 0-8146-2388-3)