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Alice Molland, believed to have died in 1685, was an English woman executed (by hanging) in Exeter for witchcraft. Though details of her trial remain scarce and poorly documented, she is often cited as the last person confirmed to have been hanged for witchcraft in England.[1][2]
A memorial plaque commemorates her.
In the November 2024 edition of The Historian, Professor Mark Stoyle, University of Southampton, published his findings into research of Alice Molland.
"Court records from the 17th century were written in Latin, and in this form it would only have taken a single mis-stroke of the clerk of the court's pen to transform 'Avicia' (Avis) into 'Alicia' (Alice). Almost nothing is known about Alice’s life and attempts to illuminate it have failed. So when I saw reference to an Avis Molland in local archives – knowing Molland was an unusual name in Exeter – I was struck by its close resemblance. I immediately asked myself, did 'Alice' Molland ever exist? Is Alice, in fact, Avis?"
Avis was married to Cornelius Molland, a freeman of the city, in Exeter Cathedral in 1663 and the pair went on to have several children. The records show that over a period of 10 years, three of their children and Cornelius died.
"By the time of the 1685 trial, Avis Molland was a poor, middle-aged widow, who was burdened with loss – precisely the kind of woman who was likely to be accused of witchcraft in early modern England."
Prof Stoyle went on to say that circumstantial evidence suggests Avis was imprisoned at Exeter Castle. She is recorded as testifying in 1685 against a woman accused of predicting an uprising of 2,500 weavers in a civil rebellion spreading across the West Country. It was possible that Avis overheard this woman boasting about the insurrection while visiting her husband who was imprisoned in the castle for rioting.
Avis died in 1693, eight years after the supposed execution of Alice. Prof Stoyle said "The lack of records for Alice’s life, and the circumstantial evidence in support of the case for Avis being our condemned woman, points to a witch that lived. But the truth is, despite all my diligent searching, we may never know for sure whether history has got it wrong."[3][4]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Armbruster, Caroline (2016). "Alice Molland (d.1685)". In Levin, Carole; et al. (eds.). A Biographical Encyclopedia of Early Modern Englishwomen: Exemplary Lives: 1500–1650. Routledge. p. 334. OCLC 949870073.
- ^ David Pickering, Dictionary of Witchcraft
- ^ Stoyle, Mark (November 2024). "In Search of Alice Molland: An English Witchcraft Will o' the Wisp". The Historian. ISSN 0265-1076. Retrieved 31 October 2024 – via EPrints.
- ^ Gudge, Ethan (31 October 2024). "England's last executed 'witch' may have survived". BBC News. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
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