Annexin A5

Annexin A5 (or annexin V) is a cellular protein in the annexin group. In flow cytometry, annexin V is commonly used to detect apoptotic cells by its ability to bind to phosphatidylserine, a marker of apoptosis when it is on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. The function of the protein is unknown; however, annexin A5 has been proposed to play a role in the inhibition of blood coagulation by competing for phosphatidylserine binding sites with prothrombin and also to inhibit the activity of phospholipase A1. These properties have been found by in vitro experiments.

ANXA5
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2XO3, 1ANW, 1ANX, 1AVH, 1AVR, 1HAK, 1HVD, 1HVE, 1HVF, 1HVG, 1SAV, 2XO2
Identifiers
Aliases	ANXA5, ANX5, ENX2, HEL-S-7, PP4, RPRGL3, annexin A5, CPB-I, VAC-alph
External IDs	OMIM: 131230; MGI: 106008; HomoloGene: 20312; GeneCards: ANXA5; OMA:ANXA5 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 4 (human) Band 4q27 Start 121,667,946 bp End 121,696,995 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 3 (mouse) Band 3 B|3 17.46 cM Start 36,503,072 bp End 36,530,043 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in stromal cell of endometrium smooth muscle tissue Achilles tendon right lung canal of the cervix gallbladder monocyte Descending thoracic aorta ascending aorta islet of Langerhans Top expressed in utricle vestibular membrane of cochlear duct stroma of bone marrow right lung lobe vestibular sensory epithelium calvaria molar dermis umbilical cord white adipose tissue More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function phospholipase inhibitor activity calcium ion binding protein binding calcium-dependent phospholipid binding phospholipid binding P-type calcium transporter activity heparin binding peptide hormone binding receptor tyrosine kinase binding molecular adaptor activity Cellular component membrane focal adhesion intracellular anatomical structure endothelial microparticle extracellular exosome external side of plasma membrane extracellular region cytoplasm cytosol collagen-containing extracellular matrix Biological process hemostasis negative regulation of coagulation blood coagulation negative regulation of apoptotic process response to organic substance signal transduction negative regulation of catalytic activity platelet degranulation negative regulation of blood coagulation positive regulation of apoptotic process protein homooligomerization negative regulation of sequestering of calcium ion response to calcium ion calcium ion transmembrane transport cellular response to lead ion response to thyroid hormone cellular response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone regulation of flagellated sperm motility negative regulation of prolactin secretion Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 308 11747 Ensembl ENSG00000164111 ENSMUSG00000027712 UniProt P08758 P48036 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001154 NM_009673 RefSeq (protein) NP_001145 NP_033803 Location (UCSC) Chr 4: 121.67 – 121.7 Mb Chr 3: 36.5 – 36.53 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
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Pathology

Antibodies directed against annexin A5 are found in patients with a disease called the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), a thrombophilic disease associated with autoantibodies against phospholipid compounds.

Annexin A5 forms a shield around negatively charged phospholipid molecules. The formation of an annexin A5 shield blocks the entry of phospholipids into coagulation (clotting) reactions. In the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, the formation of the shield is disrupted by antibodies. Without the shield, there is an increased quantity of phospholipid molecules on cell membranes, speeding up coagulation reactions and causing the blood-clotting characteristic of the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.
Annexin A5 showed upregulation in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Laboratory use

Annexin A5 is used as a non-quantitative probe to detect cells that have expressed phosphatidylserine (PS) on the cell surface, an event found in apoptosis as well as other forms of cell death. Platelets also expose PS and PE on their surface when activated, which serves as binding site for various coagulation factors.

The annexin A5 affinity assay typically uses a conjugate of annexin V and a fluorescent or enzymatic label, biotin or other tags, or a radioelement, in a suitable buffer (annexin V binding to aminophospholipids is Ca²⁺ dependent). The assay combines annexin V staining of PS and PE membrane events with the staining of DNA in the cell nucleus with propidium iodide (PI) or 7-Aminoactinomycin D (AAD-7), distinguishing viable cells from apoptotic cells and necrotic cells. Detection occurs by flow cytometry or a fluorescence microscope.

Interactions

Annexin A5 has been shown to interact with Kinase insert domain receptor and Integrin, beta 5.

Further reading

• Cederholm A, Frostegård J (Jun 2007). "Annexin A5 as a novel player in prevention of atherothrombosis in SLE and in the general population". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1108 (1): 96–103. Bibcode:2007NYASA1108...96C. doi:10.1196/annals.1422.011. PMID 17893975. S2CID 29296971.
• Schlaepfer DD, Jones J, Haigler HT (Feb 1992). "Inhibition of protein kinase C by annexin V". Biochemistry. 31 (6): 1886–91. doi:10.1021/bi00121a043. PMID 1310621.
• Huber R, Berendes R, Burger A, Schneider M, Karshikov A, Luecke H, Römisch J, Paques E (Feb 1992). "Crystal and molecular structure of human annexin V after refinement. Implications for structure, membrane binding and ion channel formation of the annexin family of proteins". Journal of Molecular Biology. 223 (3): 683–704. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(92)90984-R. PMID 1311770.
• Kirsch T, Pfäffle M (Sep 1992). "Selective binding of anchorin CII (annexin V) to type II and X collagen and to chondrocalcin (C-propeptide of type II collagen). Implications for anchoring function between matrix vesicles and matrix proteins". FEBS Letters. 310 (2): 143–7. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(92)81316-E. PMID 1397263. S2CID 9498732.
• Dawson SJ, White LA (May 1992). "Treatment of Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis with ciprofloxacin". The Journal of Infection. 24 (3): 317–20. doi:10.1016/S0163-4453(05)80037-4. PMID 1602151.
• Tait JF, Frankenberry DA, Shiang R, Murray JC, Adler DA, Disteche CM (1992). "Chromosomal localization of the human gene for annexin V (placental anticoagulant protein I) to 4q26----q28". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 57 (4): 187–92. doi:10.1159/000133143. PMID 1683830.
• Huber R, Römisch J, Paques EP (Dec 1990). "The crystal and molecular structure of human annexin V, an anticoagulant protein that binds to calcium and membranes". The EMBO Journal. 9 (12): 3867–74. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07605.x. PMC 552154. PMID 2147412.
• Huber R, Schneider M, Mayr I, Römisch J, Paques EP (Nov 1990). "The calcium binding sites in human annexin V by crystal structure analysis at 2.0 A resolution. Implications for membrane binding and calcium channel activity". FEBS Letters. 275 (1–2): 15–21. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(90)81428-Q. PMID 2148156. S2CID 8975064.
• Maurer-Fogy I, Reutelingsperger CP, Pieters J, Bodo G, Stratowa C, Hauptmann R (Jul 1988). "Cloning and expression of cDNA for human vascular anticoagulant, a Ca2+-dependent phospholipid-binding protein". European Journal of Biochemistry. 174 (4): 585–92. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14139.x. PMID 2455636.
• Rothhut B, Coméra C, Cortial S, Haumont PY, Diep Le KH, Cavadore JC, Conard J, Russo-Marie F, Lederer F (Nov 1989). "A 32 kDa lipocortin from human mononuclear cells appears to be identical with the placental inhibitor of blood coagulation". The Biochemical Journal. 263 (3): 929–35. doi:10.1042/bj2630929. PMC 1133519. PMID 2532007.
• Schlaepfer DD, Mehlman T, Burgess WH, Haigler HT (Sep 1987). "Structural and functional characterization of endonexin II, a calcium- and phospholipid-binding protein". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 84 (17): 6078–82. Bibcode:1987PNAS...84.6078S. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.17.6078. PMC 299011. PMID 2957692.
• Funakoshi T, Heimark RL, Hendrickson LE, McMullen BA, Fujikawa K (Aug 1987). "Human placental anticoagulant protein: isolation and characterization". Biochemistry. 26 (17): 5572–8. doi:10.1021/bi00391a053. PMID 2960376.
• Iwasaki A, Suda M, Nakao H, Nagoya T, Saino Y, Arai K, Mizoguchi T, Sato F, Yoshizaki H, Hirata M (Nov 1987). "Structure and expression of cDNA for an inhibitor of blood coagulation isolated from human placenta: a new lipocortin-like protein". Journal of Biochemistry. 102 (5): 1261–73. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a122165. PMID 2963810.
• Funakoshi T, Hendrickson LE, McMullen BA, Fujikawa K (Dec 1987). "Primary structure of human placental anticoagulant protein". Biochemistry. 26 (25): 8087–92. doi:10.1021/bi00399a011. PMID 2964863.
• Kaplan R, Jaye M, Burgess WH, Schlaepfer DD, Haigler HT (Jun 1988). "Cloning and expression of cDNA for human endonexin II, a Ca2+ and phospholipid binding protein". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 263 (17): 8037–43. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)68438-8. PMID 2967291.
• Grundmann U, Abel KJ, Bohn H, Löbermann H, Lottspeich F, Küpper H (Jun 1988). "Characterization of cDNA encoding human placental anticoagulant protein (PP4): homology with the lipocortin family". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 85 (11): 3708–12. Bibcode:1988PNAS...85.3708G. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.11.3708. PMC 280287. PMID 2967495.
• Pepinsky RB, Tizard R, Mattaliano RJ, Sinclair LK, Miller GT, Browning JL, Chow EP, Burne C, Huang KS, Pratt D (Aug 1988). "Five distinct calcium and phospholipid binding proteins share homology with lipocortin I". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 263 (22): 10799–811. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)38041-4. PMID 2968983.
• Ahn NG, Teller DC, Bienkowski MJ, McMullen BA, Lipkin EW, de Haën C (Dec 1988). "Sedimentation equilibrium analysis of five lipocortin-related phospholipase A2 inhibitors from human placenta. Evidence against a mechanistically relevant association between enzyme and inhibitor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 263 (35): 18657–63. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)37335-6. PMID 2974032.
• Demange P, Voges D, Benz J, Liemann S, Göttig P, Berendes R, Burger A, Huber R (Jul 1994). "Annexin V: the key to understanding ion selectivity and voltage regulation?". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 19 (7): 272–6. doi:10.1016/0968-0004(94)90002-7. PMID 7519374.
• Fernández MP, Morgan RO, Fernández MR, Carcedo MT (Nov 1994). "The gene encoding human annexin V has a TATA-less promoter with a high G+C content". Gene. 149 (2): 253–60. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90157-0. PMID 7958998.

External links

• Annexin+A5 at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• Human ANXA5 genome location and ANXA5 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.