Apsilus dentatus, the black snapper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a snapper belonging to the family Lutjanidae. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean.
| Apsilus dentatus | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Acanthuriformes |
| Family: | Lutjanidae |
| Genus: | Apsilus |
| Species: | A. dentatus
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| Binomial name | |
| Apsilus dentatus Guichenot, 1853
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Description
editApsilus dentatus has an elongated, oval shaped body. The intraorbital area is convex and the upper jaw can be protruded to a moderate extent, slipping under the cheek bone for much of its length when the mouth is closed. The jaws have distinct canine-like teeth with an inner band of simple teeth and an outer band of conical teeth. There are small conical teeth on the front and sides of the palate, as well as a central tooth triangular or v-shaped patch. The preoperculum is serrated. The dorsal fin is continuous with not incision between the spined and soft-rayed portions.[3] The bases of the dorsal and anal fin are scaleless, the dorsal fin contains 10 spines and 9-10 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 8 soft rays.[2] The colour of this species are that the back and upper flanks are violet or dark brown, deeper on head with the lower flanks and the abdomen being paler.[4] The juveniles have a bright blue body, a black margined bronze iris, dark fins with the caudal fin having a pale rear margin, here may be some blue on the fins.[3] The maximum total length attained by this species is 65 cm (26 in), although 40 cm (16 in) is more typical, while the maximum published weight is 3.2 kg (7.1 lb).[2]
Distribution
editApsilus dentatus is present throughout the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. They are found from the Florida Keys and the Bahamas south through the West Indies to the islands off Venezuela and Belize. In the Gulf of Mexico they have been recorded from the Flower Garden Banks. They are thought to be more widely distributed than this.[1]
Habitat and biology
editApsilus dentatus is found at depths between 12 and 300 m (39 and 984 ft),[1] typically deeper than 40 m (130 ft),[3] although young fish have been found near the surface. It prefers rocky substrates.[2] It is a predatory species which eats fishes and benthic invertebrates, including cephalopods and tunicates. Spawning takes place nearly year round, peaking in the period February to April, in September and October and, off Jamaica, in November.[4]
Systematics and etymology
editApsilus dentatus was first formally described in 1853 by the French zoologist Alphonse Guichenot with the type locality given as Havana.[5] The specific name dentatus means "toothed" and refers to the obvious upper front jaw canine teeth.[6]
Utilisation
editApsilus dentatus is of limited interest to fisheries, although the flesh has been described as being of good quality. The only part of their range where they are regular in markets is on Cuba, usually sold fresh, although freezing is nor unknown.[4] They are caught using handlines.[1] They have been a source of ciguatera poisoning in humans following consumption.[2]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Lindeman, K.C. (2010). "Apsilus dentatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T155126A4719160. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T155126A4719160.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d e Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Apsilus dentatus". FishBase. February 2021 version.
- ^ a b c "Species: Apsilus dentatus, Black snapper". Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean online information system. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
- ^ a b c Gerald R. Allen (1985). FAO species catalogue Vol.6. Snappers of the world An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date (PDF). FAO Rome. pp. 22–23. ISBN 92-5-102321-2.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Apsilus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (5 January 2021). "Order LUTJANIFORMES: Families HAEMULIDAE and LUTJANIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 4 May 2021.