Muhammad Azam Khan (1908–1994) was a senior general of the Pakistan army who was a minister under Field Marshal Ayub Khan, the first military ruler of Pakistan. Azam was the first commander of the Pakistan Army's I Corps, and was Governor of East Pakistan.[4]
Lieutenant General Muhammad Azam Khan | |
|---|---|
 Azam with Queen Elizabeth II in East Pakistan in 1962 | |
| Minister of Food and Agriculture of Pakistan | |
| In office 16 January 1960[1] – 15 April 1960[2] | |
| President | Ayub Khan |
| Preceded by | Md. Hafizur Rahman |
| Succeeded by | K. N. Sheikh |
| 5th Governor of East Pakistan | |
| In office 11 April 1960 – 11 May 1962 | |
| Preceded by | Zakir Husain |
| Succeeded by | Ghulam Faruque Khan |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Muhammad Azam Khan 1908[3] Mathra, Peshawar, North West Frontier Province, British India |
| Died | 1994 (86 years old) Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan |
| Relations | Fakhar E Alam (Brother), Abuzar Ghaffari (Son) |
| Nickname(s) | Azam Khan, Governor Azam Khan |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  British Raj Pakistan |
| Branch/service |  British Indian Army (1929 - 1947)  Pakistan Army (1947 - 1962) |
| Years of service | 1929-1962 |
| Rank |  Lieutenant General |
| Commands | 25th Infantry Brigade 10th Infantry Division 14th Infantry Division I Corps |
| Battles/wars | Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 Lahore Operation |
Early life and education
editKhan was born on 1 August 1908 in Mathra, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, British India into the family of Khan Bahadur Akram Khan, a soldier who had served in the British army and fought against the Germans in France in world war one. He attended the Rashtriya Indian Military College then the Royal Military College, Sandhurst and was commissioned a second lieutenant on the Unattached List for the Indian Army on 29 August 1929.[3][5]
Military career
editKhan started his career being attached to the Rifle Brigade for a year then he joined the British Indian Army 1 November 1930 and was posted to the 4th battalion, 19th Hyderabad Regiment. He was promoted Captain 1 August 1938 and appointed Adjutant 6 December 1939.[5] By October 1942 he was serving with 6th battalion, 19th Hyderabad Regiment and had attended a war time staff course.[6] By April 1944 he was a war substantive Major attached to the 10th Baluch Regiment.[7] He was appointed temporary Lt-Col and was the commanding officer of 9th battalion 10th Baluch Regiment from May 1945 to April 1946.[8] He was promoted Major 29 August 1946.[9]
He fought in Arakan, Burma in World War Two. By 1947, he was an Assistant Quarter Master General. On partition and the creation of Pakistan he opted for the Pakistan Army.
On 1 January 1948, he was appointed Brigadier and commander of the 25th Brigade.[10] In January 1950, he was promoted to major general and command of 10th Division at Lahore[11] Four years later he was promoted to lieutenant general.[3]
As the General officer commanding (GOC) of Lahore Garrison he was appointed Martial law administrator in 1953 following cabinet's decision to declare martial law and request military aid to civil power following the provincial authorities loss of control as a result of the anti-Ahmadiyya'Punjab Disturbances'.[3] As the GOC he oversaw the defense of the walled old city during the Lahore riots of 1953.[12] Hailed as the 'Saviour of Lahore' he adopted very broad powers, and it is believed that the experience whetted both his conviction, and the Army's more generally, that they were better candidates to oversee administration than civilian politicians.
He later served as the 14th Division commander in East Pakistan before joining Ayub Khan's military regime. In 1958, he took command of Pakistan Army's first filed corps, the 1 Corps, then based in Abbottabad and was subsequently promoted to lieutenant general.[3]
Political career
edit
He supported Ayub Khan's coup d'état in 1958 first against the elected civilian government, and then against President Iskander Mirza, an army officer. On 28 October 1958 he was made a senior Minister for Refugees Rehabilitation in Ayub Khan's administration.
He was appointed as the Governor of East Pakistan province on 14 April 1960. He was a well-liked governor in East Pakistan. "Azam Khan acquired the love and respect of the people of East Pakistan by his personal behaviour and free mixing with all classes of people."[3] There were reported rumors back then that president Ayub Khan was upset by the great popularity of the governor and felt threatened by it. Ayub Khan saw him as his potential rival of the future.[13][14] He established the Graphic Arts Institute in Dacca in 1957.[15] He remained in office until 1962. During the presidential election of 1964. Azam Khan "supported the presidential candidacy of Fatima Jinnah" and continued to work strongly against Ayub Khan until after the latter's ouster.[16]
President of Pakistan Olympic Association
edit- Lieutenant General Azam Khan served as the President, Pakistan Olympic Association from 16 November 1958 to 22 September 1963.[citation needed]
Death
editReferences
edit- ^ "Presidential Cabinet" (PDF). cabinet.gov. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
- ^ "Presidential Cabinet" (PDF). cabinet.gov. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Khan, Lt. General Mohammad Azam". Banglapedia. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
- ^ "Bangabhaban - The President's House of Bangladesh". bangabhaban.gov.bd. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
- ^ a b April 1940 Indian Army List
- ^ October 1942 Most secret edition Indian Army List
- ^ April 1944 Indian Army List
- ^ History of The Baloch Regiment 1939-1946 by Major-General Rafiuudin Ahmed, p256
- ^ April 1947 Army List
- ^ The Pakistan Army 1947-49 by Major-General Shaukat Riza, p179
- ^ The Pakistan Army 1947-49 by Major-General Shaukat Riza, p183
- ^ "General Azam Khan's role in 1953 Lahore riots". Dawn. 21 November 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
- ^ "Popularity of General Azam Khan in East Pakistan in the 1960s". Dawn. 17 May 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
- ^ A View from Bangladesh: Remembering Lt. Gen. Azam Khan
- ^ "Graphic Arts Institute". Banglapedia. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
- ^ Baxter, Craig; Syedur Rahman; Syedur Rahman (2003). Historical dictionary of Bangladesh. Scarecrow Press. p. 49. ISBN 9780810848634.