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Balik (Bulgarian: Балик, Byzantine Greek: Μπαλίκας: fl. c. 1320 and died 1347) was a noble of the Second Bulgarian Empire who increased the autonomy of his province and became despot of the Principality of Karvuna. He broke away from the empire in the 1340s and, as a result, the dioceses in his region, which was later named Dobrudja, were subsumed under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople.[1][2] This came after Tsar Ivan Alexander divided Bulgaria into three territories that were held by his sons.[3]
V. Stoyanov explains the name through Turkic balik - 'city', or balïk - 'fish'.[4] But another Turkic etymology can also be indicated. balq – 'shines, sparkles, shines', balqï, Turkish dial. balqïn – 'beautiful, shining', balqïr – 'lightning', or with Turk. Chagatai balga, Kalmyk balig – 'mace'.[5][6]
During the Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347 he supported the regent Anna of Savoy against pretender John VI Kantakouzenos. Balik died in 1347, either during an outbreak of the Black Death or killed during a retaliation campaign led by Umur Beg, on behalf of John V Palaiologos, that destroyed Dobruja's seaports. In 1359, Balik's brother Dobrotitsa was appointed head of a new province created by the Anna of Savoy as his reward for helping her gain the Byzantine throne.[7] He succeeded Balik after he recaptured Karvuna (Balchik) in 1354.[7]
References
edit- ^ Detrez, Raymond (2014). Historical Dictionary of Bulgaria, Third Edition. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 101. ISBN 9781442241794.
- ^ Lang, David Marshall (1976). The Bulgarians: From Pagan Times to the Ottoman Conquest. Westview Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-89158-530-5.
- ^ Hupchick, Dennis (2002). The Balkans: From Constantinople to Communism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 108. ISBN 9781403964175.
- ^ Stoyanov, Valeri (2000). История на изучаването на Codex Cumanicus. Кумано-печенежка антропонимия в България през XV в. Sofia. p. 205.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Sevortyan, E.V. (1978). евортян. Этимилогический словарь тюркских язывов. Общетюркские и межтюркские основы на букву (Б). Moscow. pp. 57–58.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Voynikov, Zhivko. "SOME CUMANIAN NAMES AND APPELLATIONS DURING THE SECOND BULGARIAN EMPIRE" (PDF). Uni-vt.bg: 859.
- ^ a b Furat, Ayşe Zişan; Er, Hamit (2012). Balkans and Islam: Encounter, Transformation, Discontinuity, Continuity. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 42. ISBN 9781443840347.
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