Wikipedia

Barbara Lee

This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 12 November 2024.
For other people named Barbara Lee, see Barbara Lee (disambiguation).

Barbara Jean Lee (née Tutt; born July 16, 1946) is an American politician who has been serving as a U.S. representative from California since 1998. A member of the Democratic Party, Lee represents California's 12th congressional district (numbered as the 9th district from 1998 to 2013 and as the 13th district from 2013 to 2023), which is based in Oakland and covers most of the northern part of Alameda County. According to the Cook Partisan Voting Index, it is one of the nation's most Democratic districts, with a rating of D+40.[1]

Barbara Lee
Official portrait, 2017
Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from California
Incumbent
Assumed office
April 21, 1998
Preceded byRon Dellums
Constituency9th district (1998–2013)
13th district (2013–2023)
12th district (2023–present)
Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus
In office
January 3, 2009 – January 3, 2011
Preceded byCarolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick
Succeeded byEmanuel Cleaver
Co-Chair of the Congressional Progressive Caucus
In office
January 3, 2005 – January 3, 2009
Serving with Lynn Woolsey
Preceded byPeter DeFazio (as chair)
Succeeded byRaúl Grijalva
Member of the California State Senate
from the 9th district
In office
December 2, 1996 – April 17, 1998
Preceded byNicholas Petris
Succeeded byDon Perata
Member of the California State Assembly
In office
December 3, 1990 – November 30, 1996
Preceded byElihu Harris
Succeeded byDon Perata
Constituency13th district (1990–1992)
16th district (1992–1996)
Personal details
Born
Barbara Jean Tutt

(1946-07-16) July 16, 1946 (age 78)
El Paso, Texas, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Spouses
Carl Lee
​
​
(m. 1964; div. 1966)​
Clyde Oden
​
(m. 2019)​
Children2
EducationMills College (BA)
University of California, Berkeley (MSW)
WebsiteHouse website
Campaign website
Barbara Lee's voice
Barbara Lee speaks in opposition to military force against Afghanistan
Recorded September 14, 2001

Born and raised in Texas, Lee was educated at Mills College and the University of California, Berkeley. She started her career by working on the presidential campaign of Shirley Chisholm, and she later was involved with the Black Panther Party. After working as chief of staff for U.S. Representative Ron Dellums, Lee served in the California State Assembly from 1990 to 1996 and in the California State Senate from 1996 to 1998.

Lee was elected to the House of Representatives in a 1998 special election to succeed Dellums. A noted progressive, she chaired the Congressional Progressive Caucus from 2005 to 2009 and the Congressional Black Caucus from 2009 to 2011.[2] In addition, she is the vice chair and a founding member of the Congressional LGBTQ+ Equality Caucus, a co-chair of the Congressional Cannabis Caucus, and a co-chair of the House Democratic Steering Committee.[3] She has played a major role in the antiwar movement, notably in her vocal criticism of the Iraq War and for being the only member of Congress to vote against the authorization of use of force following the September 11 attacks.[4][5]

Lee was a candidate for the United States Senate in the 2024 election to succeed late senator Dianne Feinstein,[6] a race that she would lose to Rep. Adam Schiff and former baseball player Steve Garvey. During this race, Lee would forgo re-election to the House of Representatives.

Early life and education

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Lee was born Barbara Jean Tutt on July 16, 1946, in El Paso, Texas. She is the oldest of three daughters of Mildred Adaire (née Parish; 1924–2015) and Garvin Alexander Tutt (1924–2007), a lieutenant colonel in the United States Army.[7] When she was born in a segregated hospital, her mother was left in the hallway, as the hospital refused to assist her.[8] Lee is African American; according to a DNA analysis, she descends primarily from the people of Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone.[9][10] She was raised Catholic and attended Catholic schools, where she was taught by the Sisters of Loretto.[11][12] She was the only African-American Girl Scout in El Paso, and she recalls having faced racial discrimination throughout her childhood.[13]

Lee's parents divorced in 1955.[14] Five years later, she moved to California with her mother and two sisters. She attended San Fernando High School in the Pacoima neighborhood of Los Angeles, where she worked with the NAACP to become the school's first African-American cheerleader, and she graduated in 1964.[15][16] When she was 15, Lee had a back-alley abortion in Ciudad Juárez.[17] She married Carl Lee, a member of the United States Air Force, and moved with him to England after high school; they had two children, and then divorced when Lee was 20.[18][19] Lee describes the marriage as abusive, and she became homeless following the divorce.[20]

She later moved to the Bay Area and attended Mills College, where she served as president of the college's Black Student Union, and she graduated in 1973 with a bachelor of arts in psychology.[21] She later attended the University of California, Berkeley, from where she graduated in 1975 with a master of social work.[22] Throughout college, Lee was a single mother of two on public assistance and food stamps, and she often took her children to class because she was unable to afford child care.[23]

Early political career

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Lee worked for the Glendale Welfare Council and later as a statistical clerk for the California Department of Labor Statistics.[18][24] As president of the Mills College Black Student Union, Lee invited Representative Shirley Chisholm to speak on campus. She was inspired to register to vote by Chisholm's visit, and she went on to work on Chisholm's 1972 presidential campaign, serving as one of her delegates at the 1972 Democratic National Convention.[25] Lee later said Chisholm was a mentor who inspired her to run for office.[26] Also while a student, Lee volunteered at the Oakland chapter of the Black Panther Party's Community Learning Center and worked on Black Panther co-founder Bobby Seale's 1973 campaign for mayor of Oakland.[27] Lee was surveilled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation due to her involvement with the Black Panthers.[19]

As a graduate student, Lee founded the Community Health Alliance for Neighborhood Growth and Education (CHANGE), a community-based mental health clinic.[28] She was later offered an internship in the office of Representative Ron Dellums, who represented an Oakland-based district. Following the internship, she took a full-time job in Dellums's office and eventually became his chief of staff.[29] Lee was one of the only African Americans and women to hold a senior staff position on Capitol Hill.[30] After leaving Dellums's office in 1987, she returned to the Bay Area and founded a facilities-management company.[31]

California State Legislature

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Lee was elected to the California State Assembly in 1990 to succeed Elihu Harris, who retired to successfully run for mayor of Oakland. She served three terms in the Assembly, and she was elected to the California State Senate in 1996. She resigned her seat in the State Senate after winning a special election to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1998.

Lee was the first African-American woman to represent Northern California in the California State Legislature.[30] During her time in the Legislature, she authored 67 bills that were signed into law by then-Governor Pete Wilson, a Republican; among those bills were the California Schools Hate Crimes Prevention Act and the California Violence Against Women Act.[32] Lee also worked to defeat California's three-strikes law and was an early champion of LGBTQ+ rights.[33]

Lee was a member of the California Commission on the Status of Women and founded the California Commission on the Status of African American Males.[30]

U.S. House of Representatives

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Elections

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Lee speaking on the House floor on the December 19, 1999 debate that preceded the vote on impeaching President Bill Clinton

After Dellums resigned from the U.S. House of Representatives in 1998, Lee successfully ran in the special election to succeed him, winning 66% of the vote. She was elected to a full term later that year, winning 83% of the vote. She has since been re-elected to the House of Representatives 12 more times.

In lieu of running for a 14th term, Lee campaigned to succeed Dianne Feinstein in the United States Senate in 2024.[34]

Tenure

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Lee originally represented California's 9th congressional district, from which she served until 2013. She later represented the 13th district from 2013 to 2023, and she has represented the 12th district since 2023. Her district is located in Alameda County and includes the cities of Oakland, Berkeley, Emeryville, Alameda, Albany, Piedmont, San Leandro, and most of San Lorenzo. The Cook Partisan Voting Index gives her district a rating of D+40, making it one of the most Democratic districts in the nation.[1]

Lee's voting record as a member of Congress was ranked by the National Journal in 2007, based on roll-call votes on economic, social and foreign policy issues in 2006. Lee scored an overall 84.3%, meaning that she voted with a more liberal stance than 84.3% of the House. National Journal scored Lee as voting 82% liberal on economic issues, 92% liberal on social issues, and 65% liberal on foreign policy. The 92% rating on social issues came from Lee being grouped with 35 other House legislators who all tied for the highest, most liberal ranking.[35] Lee received a 97% progressive rating from "The Progressive Punch"[36] and a 4% conservative rating from the American Conservative Union.[37] In 2016, GovTrack's 2015 Report Card on members in Congress ranked Lee the 3rd most progressive member of the House.[38]

 
Lee at John Lewis's funeral in Atlanta on July 30, 2020

Lee endorsed Barack Obama in the 2008 Democratic presidential primaries.[39] In February 2019, she endorsed Kamala Harris in the 2020 Democratic presidential primaries.[40]

As of January 3, 2023, Lee had voted in line with President Joe Biden's stated position 99.1% of the time.[41]

AUMF opposition

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See also: Authorization for Use of Military Force of 2001

Lee gained national attention in 2001 as the only member of Congress to vote against the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists (AUMF), stating that she voted no not because she opposed military action but because she believed the AUMF, as written, granted the president overly broad powers to wage war at a time when the facts regarding the situation were not yet clear. She "warned her colleagues to be 'careful not to embark on an open-ended war with neither an exit strategy nor a focused _target'".[42] Lee has said:

It was a blank check to the president to attack anyone involved in the September 11 events—anywhere, in any country, without regard to our nation's long-term foreign policy, economic and national security interests, and without time limit. In granting these overly broad powers, the Congress failed its responsibility to understand the dimensions of its declaration. I could not support such a grant of war-making authority to the president; I believe it would put more innocent lives at risk. The president has the constitutional authority to protect the nation from further attack, and he has mobilized the armed forces to do just that. The Congress should have waited for the facts to be presented and then acted with fuller knowledge of the consequences of our action.[43]

Her vote made national news and a large and extremely polarized response, with the volume of calls gridlocking the switchboard of her Capitol Hill office. Although it appears to have reflected the beliefs of the majority of her constituents, the majority of responses from elsewhere in the nation were angry and hostile, some calling her "communist" and a "traitor". Many of the responses included death threats against her or her family to the point that the Capitol Police provided round-the-clock plainclothes bodyguards.[43] Lee was also criticized by politicians and in editorial pages of conservative-leaning newspapers, such as John Fund's column in The Wall Street Journal.[44] In 2002, she received the Seán MacBride Peace Prize from the International Peace Bureau for her vote.

In her speech, she quoted Nathan D. Baxter, dean of the Washington National Cathedral: "As we act, let us not become the evil that we deplore."[45]

On June 29, 2017, the House Appropriations Committee approved Lee's amendment to repeal the 2001 AUMF that was the foundation of the United States' post-September 11 military actions. The amendment, if passed, would have required that the AUMF be scrapped within 240 days.[46] In June 2021, Lee sponsored a bipartisan bill in the House to repeal the AUMF, which passed 268–161.[47] The bill was never put to a vote in the Senate.

Foreign policy

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Although Lee is considered a progressive Democrat, she has occasionally split with members of her party throughout her career, especially on foreign policy.[citation needed] Prior to voting against the Authorization for Use of Military Force in 2001, she joined four other representatives in voting against the resolution to authorize Operation Desert Fox in Iraq in 1998, and later voted against US participation in the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999.[48][49]

In an August 2017 interview, Lee said of President Donald Trump's comments on North Korea, "His saber-rattling is putting the world at risk. The United States should be the grown-up in the room", and that his rhetoric reminded her of news about the Cuban Missile Crisis during her mid-teens, adding, "the words of war weren't as profound and dangerous and scary [then] as they are now."[50]

In September 2018, Lee was one of 11 House Democrats to sign a statement announcing their intent "to introduce a new, privileged resolution in September invoking the War Powers Resolution of 1973 to withdraw U.S. Armed Forces from engaging in the Saudi-led coalition's conflict with the Houthis should additional escalations continue and progress fail to be made towards a peace agreement."[51]

In April 2019, after the House passed the resolution withdrawing American support for the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen, Lee was one of nine lawmakers to sign a letter to Trump requesting a meeting with him and urging him to sign "Senate Joint Resolution 7, which invokes the War Powers Act of 1973 to end unauthorized US military participation in the Saudi-led coalition's armed conflict against Yemen's Houthi forces, initiated in 2015 by the Obama administration." They asserted the "Saudi-led coalition's imposition of an air-land-and-sea blockade as part of its war against Yemen's Houthis has continued to prevent the unimpeded distribution of these vital commodities, contributing to the suffering and death of vast numbers of civilians throughout the country" and that Trump's approval of the resolution would send a "powerful signal to the Saudi-led coalition to bring the four-year-old war to a close".[52]

In July 2019, Lee voted against a House resolution condemning the Global Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions Movement _targeting Israel. The resolution passed 398–17.[53]

In October 2020, Lee co-signed a letter to Secretary of State Mike Pompeo condemning Azerbaijan's offensive operations against the Armenian-populated enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh.[54]

In April 2021, Lee supported President Joe Biden's plan to withdraw all U.S. troops from Afghanistan.[55]

In 2023, Lee was among 56 Democrats to vote in favor of H.Con.Res. 21 which directed President Joe Biden to remove U.S. troops from Syria within 180 days.[56][57]

Lee has supported US aid to Ukraine during its invasion by Russia and has voted in favor of all bills for aid to Ukraine, with a rationale to "preserve democracy" and "make sure that the United States is on the right side of history and provides the resources, the economic resources, the humanitarian resources, so that Ukrainian people can live in peace and in security."[58] On July 6, 2023, President Joe Biden authorized the provision of cluster munitions to Ukraine in support of a Ukrainian counter-offensive against Russian forces in Russian-occupied southeastern Ukraine.[59] Lee opposed the Biden administration's decision to supply cluster munitions to Ukraine.[60]

Gun control

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Lee is a strong advocate for legislation restricting the availability of guns. She participated in the 2016 sit-in against gun violence in the House of Representatives.[61] Democratic members of Congress adopted the slogan "No Bill, No Break" in an attempt to push the introduction of legislation increasing restrictions on guns.[61] In a statement on the sit-in, Lee said:[62]

Time and again, House Republicans have blocked our ability to keep Americans safe by preventing us from passing common sense gun reforms, including closing a glaring loophole that allows suspected terrorists to purchase weapons of war. These weapons of war, some of which can fire 900 rounds per minute, have no place on America's streets. We simply cannot allow this insanity. My constituents and people from all over the nation have been demanding action, but they are being ignored by the House's Republican leadership. Too many people have already been lost to senseless gun violence. Enough is enough; Congress must act to protect the lives of Americans.

 
Lee meets with NASA Administrator Charles Bolden and the STS-129 Space Shuttle crew in 2010

Environment

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Lee introduced the Women and Climate Change Act in February 2018. The bill aims to create a Federal Interagency Working Group on Women and Climate Change.[63] Lee said of the bill, "Climate change is already impacting communities around the world with a disproportionate effect on the world's poorest residents. Women make up the majority of the world's poor and are especially vulnerable to abrupt changes in the environment. As leaders in their families, women are called upon to find food and clean water, secure safe housing, and care for loved ones. As climate change worsens, provoking historic droughts, rising sea levels and violent storms, women and girls will bear the brunt of this global crisis".[64]

Education

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Lee is the author of the Shirley A. Chisholm United States−Caribbean Educational Exchange Act, which would enhance U.S. foreign relations with CARICOM nations. This act directs the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to develop a comprehensive program that extends and expands existing primary and secondary school initiatives in the Caribbean to provide teacher training methods and increased community involvement in school activities.[65] The bill is named for Shirley Chisholm, who helped inspire Lee to become involved in politics when Chisholm ran for the Democratic nomination for president; Lee was the Chisholm campaign's Northern California chair.

Black Panthers

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In 1968, Lee began volunteering at the Black Panther Party's Community Learning Center in Oakland.[66] She also worked on Bobby Seale's 1973 campaign for mayor of Oakland.

Lee disagreed with the National Park Service removing funding for a Black Panther Legacy Project in 2017. She released a statement saying, "It is outrageous that the National Park Service has stripped resources from the Black Panther Party Research, Interpretation & Memory Project. The Black Panther Party was an integral part of the civil rights movement and the public has a right to know their history. I call upon the National Park Service and the Department of [the] Interior to provide a full explanation as to why these critical federal resources have been taken away".[67]

Cannabis

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Lee has supported a number of efforts to reform cannabis laws in Congress. In 2018, she introduced the Marijuana Justice Act to remove cannabis from the Controlled Substances Act, penalize states that enforce cannabis laws disproportionately (regarding race or income status), and enact other social justice-related reforms.[68] Additional legislation Lee has introduced includes the States' Medical Marijuana Property Rights Protection Act,[69] the Veterans Medical Marijuana Safe Harbor Act,[70] the Restraining Excessive Federal Enforcement & Regulations of Cannabis (REFER) Act,[71] and the Realizing Equitable & Sustainable Participation in Emerging Cannabis Trades (RESPECT) Resolution.[71] Lee was an original cosponsor of the Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act when it was first introduced in 2011.[72] In January 2019, she was named a co-chair of the Congressional Cannabis Caucus.[73]

Presidential election objections

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See also: 2004 United States election voting controversies § Objection to certification of Ohio's electoral votes

In 2001, Lee and other House members objected to counting Florida's electoral votes in the 2000 presidential election after a contentious recount. Because no senator joined their objection, it was dismissed by Vice President Al Gore, who lost the election to George W. Bush.[74]

In 2005, Lee was one of 31 House Democrats who voted not to accept Ohio's electoral votes in the 2004 presidential election.[75] Bush won Ohio by 118,457 votes.[76]

After the 2016 presidential election, Lee objected to Michigan's and West Virginia's electoral votes. Because no senator joined her objections, they were dismissed.[77] Donald Trump won Michigan by slightly over 10,000 votes and West Virginia by over 300,000 votes.[78]

 
Lee attends a bill signing ceremony in 2009

Defense budget

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Lee called for a 10% cut to the military budget of the United States.[79] She backed an amendment to reduce the size of the $740 billion National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, but a majority of Democrats and Republicans rejected it.[80]

Housing

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Lee has made affordable housing a top priority, particularly in the East Bay. She has supported and backed legislation meant to expand home ownership opportunities, improve public housing quality, and assist the homeless.[81]

Health care

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Lee was strongly critical of the Stupak–Pitts Amendment, which places restrictions on health insurance plans providing coverage for abortions in the context of the Affordable Health Care for America Act.[82] She supports Medicare for All.[83]

Abortion

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Lee is pro-choice. During a September 30, 2021, hearing of the House Oversight Committee, she recounted having to travel to Mexico for a back-alley abortion in the 1960s: "I'm sharing my story even though I truly believe it is personal and really nobody's business— and certainly not the business of politicians. But I'm compelled to speak out because of the real risks of the clock being turned back to those days before Roe v. Wade."[84][85] Lee opposed the 2022 overturning of Roe, which she called an "attack on reproductive freedom" and blamed on a "decades-long coordinated strategic assault on women's rights by right-wing extremists".[86]

Economy

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Lee was among the 46 Democrats who voted against final passage of the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 in the House.[87]

Death penalty

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In 2002, Lee's opposition to the death penalty was recognized by Death Penalty Focus, which gave her the Mario Cuomo Act of Courage Award.[88]

Louis Farrakhan

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In March 2018, Lee said, "I unequivocally condemn Minister Farrakhan's anti-Semitic and hateful comments."[89]

Committee assignments

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For the 118th Congress:[90]

Caucus memberships and leadership

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On March 15, 2013, Lee announced the official relaunch of the Congressional Social Work Caucus to the 113th Congress as its new chair.[99]

Lee co-chaired the Congressional Progressive Caucus with Lynn Woolsey from 2005 to 2009. She also chaired the Congressional Black Caucus from 2009 to 2011.[2]

On November 28, 2018, Lee lost an attempt to become chair of the House Democratic Caucus to Hakeem Jeffries.[100]

On November 30, 2018, House Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi announced that she had recommended Lee to become one of three co-chairs of the House Democratic Steering and Policy Committee alongside Rosa DeLauro and Eric Swalwell.[101][102] The change was approved on December 11, 2018.[103]

United Nations assignments

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Lee was the United States representative to the 68th, 70th, and 72nd sessions of the United Nations General Assembly.[2]

2024 U.S. Senate campaign

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Main article: 2024 United States Senate election in California

In January 2023, it was reported that Lee planned to run in the 2024 election for the United States Senate seat held by Dianne Feinstein, after she revealed her intentions to members of the Congressional Black Caucus.[104] The report came a day after Representative Katie Porter announced her own candidacy.[104] A third Democrat, Adam Schiff, had also announced his candidacy. Lee formally launched her Senate campaign in Oakland on February 21, 2023.[6] On September 29, 2023, Feinstein died while serving in office. Governor Gavin Newsom appointed Laphonza Butler to serve out the remainder of the term.[105] On March 5, 2024, Lee failed to advance to the November general election after finishing fourth in the all party primary.[106][107][108] With at least 99% of votes counted, Lee trailed Schiff and Garvey by close to 1.6 million votes, and Porter by about 400,000 votes, with Lee failing to lead in any county.[109][110] As Lee did not seek re-election to her House of Representatives seat, the defeat also ensured the end of her career in Congress by January 2025.[108]

Personal life

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Lee with Rev. Dr. Clyde Oden Jr. on their wedding day on December 31, 2019

Lee married Carl Lee after graduating high school in 1964. She described the marriage as abusive, and she divorced her husband when she was 20.[111][112] The marriage produced two children, Tony and Craig, whom she raised as a single mother.[113] Both of Lee's sons now work in the insurance industry: Tony Lee is the CEO of Dickerson Employee Benefits, an African-American owned insurance brokerage and consulting firm, and Craig Lee is a senior executive at State Farm.[114]

Lee married Rev. Dr. Clyde Oden Jr., a retired pastor from Oxnard, on New Year's Eve in 2019.[115] They live together in Oakland.[116]

In 2002, the Peace Abbey in Boston gave Lee the Courage of Conscience Award for her vote against the call to war after the September 11 attacks.[117] In her speech, she said, "let us not become the evil that we deplore."[118]

In 2003, Lee was recognized as a Woman of Peace at the Global Exchange Human Rights Awards in San Francisco with Bianca Jagger, Arundhati Roy and Kathy Kelly.[114] In 2010, Lee took the food stamp challenge and also appeared in the documentary film Food Stamped.[114]

In 2014, Lee, Hill Harper, and Meagan Good contributed to Enitan Bereola II's bestselling book Gentlewoman: Etiquette for a Lady, from a Gentleman.[119]

In 2015, Lee won the 43rd Thomas Merton Award.[120]

Lee is an honorary member of Sigma Gamma Rho[121]

Electoral history

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California State Assembly

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1990 California's 13th State Assembly district election
Primary election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee 28,809 73.32
Democratic Aleta Cannon 7,698 19.59
Democratic Aubrey LaBrie 2,787 7.09
Total votes 39,294 100.0
General election
Democratic Barbara Lee 52,860 79.44
Republican Barbara Thomas 13,682 20.56
Total votes 66,542 100.0
1992 California's 16th State Assembly district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 90,432 74.49
Republican David Anderson 24,324 20.04
Peace and Freedom Emma Wong Mar 6,643 5.47
Total votes 121,399 100.00
1994 California's 16th State Assembly district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 68,197 81.03
Republican Andre-Tanatha Ham-Lamme 15,966 18.97
Total votes 84,163 100.00

California State Senate

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1996 California's 9th State Senate district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee 196,430 78.23
Republican Thomas N. Hudson 37,341 14.87
Peace and Freedom Robert J. Evans 8,870 3.53
Natural Law Carol Flyer Prettie 8,465 3.37
Invalid or blank votes 22,120 8.10
Total votes 273,226 100.00
Democratic hold

U.S. House of Representatives

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California's 9th congressional district

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1998 California's 9th congressional district special election[122]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee 33,497 66.81
Democratic Greg Harper 8,048 16.05
Republican Claiborne Sanders 6,114 12.19
Democratic Randal Stewart 2,481 4.95
Total votes 50,140 100.00
Turnout  
Democratic hold
1998 California's 9th congressional district election
Primary election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 87,389 82.21
Democratic Greg Harper 13,103 12.33
Democratic Randal Stewart 5,812 5.47
Total votes 106,304 100.0
General election
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 140,722 82.83
Republican Claiborne "Clay" Sanders 22,431 13.20
Peace and Freedom Gerald Sanders 4,767 2.81
Natural Law Walter Ruehlig 1,975 1.16
Invalid or blank votes 14,602 7.91
Total votes 184,497 100.00
Democratic hold
2000 California's 9th congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 182,352 84.95
Republican Arneze Washington 21,033 9.80
Libertarian Fred E. Foldvary 7,051 3.28
Natural Law Ellen Jefferds 4,214 1.96
Invalid or blank votes 15,267 6.64
Total votes 229,917 100.00
Democratic hold
2002 California's 9th congressional district election
Primary election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 68,550 84.90
Democratic Kevin Greene 12,257 15.10
Total votes 80,807 100.0
General election
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 135,893 81.41
Republican Jerald Udinsky 25,333 15.18
Libertarian James M. Eyer 5,685 3.41
No party Hector Reyna (write-in) 6 0.00
Invalid or blank votes 9,935 5.62
Total votes 176,852 100.00
Democratic hold
2004 California's 9th congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 215,630 84.55
Republican Claudia Bermudez 31,278 12.26
Libertarian Jim Eyer 8,131 3.19
Total votes 255,039 100.00
Democratic hold
2006 California's 9th congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 167,245 86.35
Republican John denDulk 20,786 10.73
Libertarian James Eyer 5,655 2.92
Total votes 193,686 100.00
Democratic hold
2008 California's 9th congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 238,915 86.06
Republican Charles Hargrave 26,917 9.70
Libertarian James Eyer 11,704 4.22
Green David Heller (write-in) 37 0.01
Republican Christopher Kula (write-in) 27 0.01
Total votes 277,600 100.00
Democratic hold
2010 California's 9th congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 180,400 84.27
Republican Gerald Hashimito 23,054 10.77
Green Dave Heller 4,848 2.27
Libertarian James M. Eyer 4,113 1.92
Peace and Freedom Larry Allen 1,670 0.78
Total votes 214,085 100.0
Democratic hold

California's 13th congressional district

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2012 California's 13th congressional district election
Primary election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee 94,709 83.1
No party preference Marilyn M. Singleton 13,502 11.8
Democratic Justin Jelincic 5,741 5.0
Total votes 113,952 100.0
General election
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 250,436 86.8
No party preference Marilyn M. Singleton 38,146 13.2
Total votes 288,582 100.0
Democratic hold
2014 California's 13th congressional district election
Primary election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 77,461 82.6
Republican Dakin Sundeen 9,533 10.2
Democratic Justin Jelincic 4,602 4.9
Peace and Freedom Lawrence N. Allen 2,190 2.3
Total votes 93,786 100.0
General election
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 168,491 88.5
Republican Dakin Sundeen 21,940 11.5
Total votes 190,431 100.0
Democratic hold
2016 California's 13th congressional district election
Primary election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 182,473 87.2
Republican Sue Caro 24,311 11.8
Republican Patrick Barnes 2,261 1.0
Total votes 209,045 100.0
General election
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 293,489 90.9
Republican Sue Caro 29,382 9.1
Total votes 322,871 100.0
Democratic hold
2018 California's 13th congressional district election
Primary election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 159,751 99.3
Green Laura Wells (write-in) 832 0.5
Republican Jeanne Marie Solnordal (write-in) 178 0.1
Libertarian James M. Eyer (write-in) 39 0.0
No party preference Lanenna Joiner (write-in) 26 0.0
American Independent Vincent May (write-in) 3 0.0
Total votes 160,829 100.0
General election
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 260,580 88.4
Green Laura Wells 34,257 11.6
Total votes 294,837 100.0
Democratic hold
2020 California's 13th congressional district election
Primary election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 230,482 92.6
Republican Nikka Piterman 18,553 7.4
Total votes 249,035 100.0
General election
Democratic Barbara Lee (incumbent) 327,863 90.4
Republican Nikka Piterman 34,955 9.6
Total votes 362,818 100.0
Democratic hold

California's 12th congressional district

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2022 California's 12th congressional district election
Primary election
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Barbara Lee 135,892 87.7
Republican Stephen Slauson 8,274 5.3
No party preference Glenn Kaplan 5,141 3.3
Democratic Eric Wilson 3,753 2.4
Republican Ned Nuerge 1,902 1.2
Total votes 154,962 100.0
General election
Democratic Barbara Lee 216,913 90.5
Republican Stephen Slauson 22,831 9.5
Total votes 100.0

Publications

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Articles

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  • Why lack of diversity in our foreign policy workforce is a problem for diplomacy, The Hill, February 29, 2024[123]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Wasserman, David (July 13, 2022). "Introducing the 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index (Cook PVI)". The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter. Retrieved July 13, 2022.
  2. ^ a b c "Committees & Caucuses | Barbara Lee – Congresswoman for the 13th District of California". lee.house.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  3. ^ "Pelosi Announces Co-Chairs of Steering and Policy Committee". Speaker Nancy Pelosi. December 1, 2018. Archived from the original on August 31, 2022. Retrieved July 2, 2021.
  4. ^ Final Vote Results for Roll Call 342, U.S. House of Representatives. Accessed April 7, 2007.
  5. ^ "Conyers Denounces Death Threats Against Rep. Barbara Lee" (Press release). Office of Representative John Conyers, Jr., United States House of Representatives. September 19, 2001. Archived from the original on March 2, 2008. Retrieved March 5, 2008.
  6. ^ a b Ulloa, Jazmine; Epstein, Reid J. (January 21, 2023). "Barbara Lee, a Longtime Congresswoman, Is Running for Senate in California". The New York Times. Retrieved January 21, 2023.
  7. ^ "Barbara Lee". Ancestry. Retrieved October 1, 2014.
  8. ^ Aliano, Kelly. "Life Story: Barbara Lee". Women & the American Story. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  9. ^ "Growing Interest in DNA-Based Genetic Testing Among African American with Historic Election of President Elect Barack Obama". PRWeb. November 27, 2008. Archived from the original on August 1, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  10. ^ Congresswoman Barbara Lee Ancestry Reveal on YouTube
  11. ^ "Congresswoman Lee Statement in Support of Women's Access to Contraception | Barbara Lee – Congresswoman for the 13th District of California". lee.house.gov. Retrieved September 30, 2021.
  12. ^ "Inventory of the Barbara Lee Papers". oac.cdlib.org. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  13. ^ "'I Hope I'm Making a Contribution': Rep. Barbara Lee on Her Life in Congress". KQED. September 28, 2021. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  14. ^ "TSHA | Massey, Mildred Adene Parish". www.tshaonline.org. Retrieved June 8, 2023.
  15. ^ Interview Transcript (November 13, 2008). "Rep. Barbara Lee". The Tavis Smiley Show. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  16. ^ "'I Was the First African-American Cheerleader at San Fernando High,' Says Rep. Barbara Lee". NBC Bay Area. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  17. ^ "Watch: Rep. Barbara Lee Talks About Her Experiences With Abortions". NBC Bay Area. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  18. ^ a b "Video Oral History with The Honorable Barbara Lee" (PDF). The HistoryMakers. November 5, 2013. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  19. ^ a b Wright, Austin (July 30, 2017). "How Barbara Lee Became An Army of One". POLITICO Magazine. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  20. ^ Berkowitz, Michael (July 13, 2020). "New documentary film on Congresswoman Barbara Lee: She speaks for me!". People's World. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  21. ^ "Mills Establishes Barbara Lee Chair in Women's Leadership". www.newswise.com. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  22. ^ "PROFILE / Barbara Lee / Rep. Lee, committed to ideals, takes heat for vote against Bush". SFGate. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  23. ^ Friedersdorf, Conor (September 14, 2014). "Angry Letters to the One Member of Congress Who Voted Against the War on Terror". The Atlantic. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  24. ^ "The Honorable Barbara Lee's Biography". The HistoryMakers. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  25. ^ "Biography: Early Years". Retrieved January 11, 2017.
  26. ^ "Congresswoman Barbara Lee Commemorates 50th Anniversary of Shirley Chisholm's Presidential Campaign | Barbara Lee – Congresswoman for the 12th District of California". lee.house.gov. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  27. ^ "A Legacy of Activism: Behind Fury, Black Panthers Laid Course for Social Programs WILLIAM BRAND & CECILY BURT / Oakland Tribune 8oct2006". Mindfully.org. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  28. ^ Williamson, Marianne. "Congresswoman Barbara Lee". sistergiant.com. Archived from the original on April 1, 2023. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  29. ^ "Right Up Until His Death, He Told Barbara Lee to 'Keep Breaking Through'". Roll Call. November 2, 2018. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  30. ^ a b c "About Barbara | Barbara Lee – Congresswoman for the 12th District of California". lee.house.gov. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  31. ^ "Artists". A Seat at the Table. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  32. ^ "Barbara Lee for Congress". SFGATE. April 4, 1998. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  33. ^ "Inventory of the Barbara Lee Papers". oac.cdlib.org. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  34. ^ Ulloa, Jazmine; Epstein, Reid J. (February 21, 2023). "Barbara Lee, a Longtime Congresswoman, Is Running for Senate in California". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  35. ^ "National Journal's 2007 Vote Rankings – House Liberal Scores". National Journal. Washington D.C. Archived from the original on September 25, 2008. Retrieved March 16, 2014.
  36. ^ "Leading with the Left". Progressive Punch. Archived from the original on October 15, 2007. Retrieved October 19, 2007.
  37. ^ "ACU Ratings of Congress, 2006". American Conservative Union. 2006. Archived from the original on October 18, 2007. Retrieved October 19, 2007.
  38. ^ "Barbara Lee Report Card 2015". Civic Impulse, LLC. 2016. Retrieved April 25, 2016.
  39. ^ "Today I Endorsed Barack Obama". The Huffington Post. March 28, 2008.
  40. ^ Burke, Michael (February 14, 2019). "Barbara Lee endorses Kamala Harris's 2020 bid". The Hill. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
  41. ^ Bycoffe, Anna Wiederkehr and Aaron (January 3, 2023). "Does Your Member Of Congress Vote With Or Against Biden?". Retrieved January 25, 2024.
  42. ^ Polner, Murray (March 1, 2010). "Left Behind". The American Conservative. Archived from the original on December 17, 2010.
  43. ^ a b Barbara Lee (September 23, 2001). "Why I opposed the resolution to authorize force". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  44. ^ "John Fund on the Trail: Who Is Barbara Lee?". Opinionjournal.com. The Wall Street Journal. September 17, 2001. Archived from the original on April 13, 2009. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  45. ^ ""Let Us Not Become the Evil We Deplore" By Amy Goodman". Democracy Now!. Retrieved August 28, 2016.
  46. ^ Desiderio, Andrew (June 29, 2017). "House Committee Approves Repeal of 2001 Military Authorization". The Daily Beast – via www.thedailybeast.com.
  47. ^ Claudia Grisales (June 17, 2021). "In Historic, Bipartisan Move, House Votes To Repeal 2002 Iraq War Powers Resolution". NPR. Retrieved June 17, 2021.
  48. ^ Shenon, Philip (September 16, 2001). "After the Attacks: The Lone Voice; In One Vote, A Call for Restraint". The New York Times. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
  49. ^ Cunningham-Cook, Matthew (November 20, 2017). "Barbara Lee's War on War". In These Times. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
  50. ^ "Bay Area members of Congress denounce Trump's North Korea threats". The Mercury News. August 10, 2017.
  51. ^ "Dems plan resolution to withdraw US forces from Yemen civil war". The Hill. September 6, 2018.
  52. ^ Haitiwanger, John (April 5, 2019). "Bernie Sanders, Rand Paul, Ro Khanna, and a bipartisan group of lawmakers sent a letter to Trump imploring him to end US support for Saudi Arabia in Yemen". sfgate.com. Archived from the original on April 6, 2019. Retrieved April 6, 2019.
  53. ^ Schneider, Bradley Scott (July 23, 2019). "H.Res.246 – 116th Congress (2019–2020): Opposing efforts to delegitimize the State of Israel and the Global Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions Movement _targeting Israel". www.congress.gov. Retrieved July 24, 2019.
  54. ^ "Senate and House Leaders to Secretary of State Pompeo: Cut Military Aid to Azerbaijan; Sanction Turkey for Ongoing Attacks Against Armenia and Artsakh". Armenian Weekly. October 2, 2020.
  55. ^ "Biden sparks bipartisan backlash on Afghanistan withdrawal". The Hill. April 13, 2021.
  56. ^ "H.Con.Res. 21: Directing the President, pursuant to section 5(c) of … – House Vote #136 – Mar 8, 2023".
  57. ^ "House Votes Down Bill Directing Removal of Troops From Syria". Associated Press. March 8, 2023.
  58. ^ Garofoli, Joe (February 23, 2023). "Barbara Lee is famously anti-war. But not when it comes to supporting Ukraine".
  59. ^ "Controversy surrounds US decision to send cluster munitions to Ukraine". The Hill. July 7, 2023.
  60. ^ Nichols, John (July 10, 2023). "Cluster Bombs Are "War-Crime" Weapons". The Nation.
  61. ^ a b Lochhead, Carolyn (June 22, 2016). "Sit-in by Democrats over gun violence forces House to close". SFGATE. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  62. ^ "Congresswoman Lee Joins House Sit-In on Gun Violence | Barbara Lee – Congresswoman for the 13th District of California". lee.house.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  63. ^ Barbara, Lee (February 9, 2018). "H.R.4932 – 115th Congress (2017–2018): Women and Climate Change Act of 2018". www.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  64. ^ "Rep. Barbara Lee Announces Introduction of Women And Climate Change Act | Barbara Lee – Congresswoman for the 13th District of California". lee.house.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  65. ^ "Bill Text – 110th Congress (2007–2008) – THOMAS (Library of Congress)". April 8, 2016. Archived from the original on April 8, 2016.
  66. ^ "Lee, Barbara J. (1946 – ) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed". www.blackpast.org. March 16, 2008. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  67. ^ "Congresswoman Lee Responds to NPS Funding Pulled from Black Panther Party Legacy Project | Barbara Lee – Congresswoman for the 13th District of California". lee.house.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  68. ^ Pasquariello, Alex (January 17, 2018). "Rep. Barbara Lee introduces companion House bill to Marijuana Justice Act". The Cannabist. Retrieved December 17, 2019.
  69. ^ "Medical Marijuana Property Rights Protection Act Introduced In Congress". NORML. August 9, 2012. Retrieved December 17, 2019.
  70. ^ Angell, Tom (February 13, 2019). "Lawmakers File Bills To Legalize Medical Marijuana For Military Veterans". Marijuana Moment. Retrieved December 17, 2019.
  71. ^ a b Jaeger, Kyle (February 28, 2019). "Barbara Lee Files Three Pieces Of Social Justice Marijuana Legislation In One Day". Marijuana Moment. Retrieved December 17, 2019.
  72. ^ "Members Of Congress Introduce First Federal Measure Since 1937 To Legalize The Adult Use Of Marijuana – Bipartisan Coalition Backs The 'Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act of 2011'". NORML. June 23, 2011. Retrieved December 30, 2019.
  73. ^ "Congresswoman Barbara Lee Named Co-Chair of Bipartisan Cannabis Caucus" (Press release). house.gov. January 9, 2019.
  74. ^ "Electoral College Ballot Count | C-SPAN.org". www.c-span.org.
  75. ^ "FINAL VOTE RESULTS FOR ROLL CALL 7". Clerk.house.gov. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  76. ^ Salvato, Albert (December 29, 2004). "Ohio Recount Gives a Smaller Margin to Bush". The New York Times.
  77. ^ Brenna Williams (January 6, 2017). "11 times VP Biden was interrupted during Trump's electoral vote certification | CNN Politics". CNN.
  78. ^ "2016 Presidential Election Results – The New York Times". The New York Times. August 9, 2017. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
  79. ^ "House and Senate Poised For Historic Votes On Reducing Pentagon Spending". Forbes. July 21, 2020.
  80. ^ "We Can No Longer Afford the Military-Industrial Complex". The Nation. July 22, 2020.
  81. ^ "Profiles of Social Workers Assisting Those in Need". Case Western Reserve University. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
  82. ^ Carolyn Lochhead (November 10, 2009). "Health care bill reignites abortion debate". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  83. ^ @BLeeForCongress (January 28, 2019). "I support Medicare for All because access to preventative or life-saving health care should never depend on how deep your pockets are" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  84. ^ ""We Demand Better": Reps Cori Bush, Pramila Jayapal, and Barbara Lee Share their own Abortion Stories". Democracy Now. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  85. ^ "Congressional members share own abortion stories at hearing". AP NEWS. September 30, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
  86. ^ Lee, Barbara (June 24, 2022). "My full statement on this Republican-appointed Court's decision to overturn Roe". Twitter. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
  87. ^ Gans, Jared (May 31, 2023). "Republicans and Democrats who bucked party leaders by voting no". The Hill. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  88. ^ "Colby College" (PDF). Colby College. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 20, 2012. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  89. ^ Bier, Jeryl (January 3, 2019). "The Nation of Islam and the House". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 4, 2019.
  90. ^ "Barbara Lee". Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. Retrieved April 16, 2023.
  91. ^ "Caucus Members". Congressional Progressive Caucus. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
  92. ^ "Membership". Congressional Black Caucus. Retrieved March 7, 2018.
  93. ^ "Members". Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
  94. ^ "Our Members". U.S. House of Representatives International Conservation Caucus. Archived from the original on August 1, 2018. Retrieved August 2, 2018.
  95. ^ "Membership". Congressional Arts Caucus. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
  96. ^ "Members". Afterschool Alliance. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  97. ^ "Congresswoman Barbara Lee Named Co-Chair of Bipartisan Cannabis Caucus" (Press release). lee.house.gov. January 11, 2019. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
  98. ^ "Membership". Congressional Caucus for the Equal Rights Amendment. Retrieved September 12, 2024.
  99. ^ "Congresswoman Barbara Announces the Re-launch of the Congressional Social Work Caucus". socialworkcaucus-lee.house.gov. Archived from the original on September 19, 2014. Retrieved May 15, 2015.
  100. ^ Caygle, Heather; Bresnahan, John (November 28, 2018). "Hakeem Jeffries defeats Barbara Lee in battle for Dem Caucus chair". POLITICO.
  101. ^ "Newsroom – The Office of Majority Leader Steny Hoyer". www.majorityleader.gov. Archived from the original on September 4, 2022. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  102. ^ Caygle, Heather (November 30, 2018). "Pelosi creates leadership position for Barbara Lee". POLITICO.
  103. ^ "Newsroom – The Office of Majority Leader Steny Hoyer". www.majorityleader.gov. Archived from the original on September 4, 2022. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  104. ^ a b Wu, Nicholas (January 11, 2023). "Barbara Lee tells lawmakers she's running for Senate". Politico. Retrieved January 11, 2023.
  105. ^ Cadelago, Christopher (October 1, 2023). "Newsom picks Laphonza Butler as Feinstein replacement". Politico. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
  106. ^ Lin, Da (March 5, 2024). "Rep. Barbara Lee not moving forward to General Election for California Senate seat". CBS San Francisco. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  107. ^ "Senate: California Results 2024". CNN. April 15, 2024. Retrieved May 25, 2024.
  108. ^ a b Altimari, Daniela (March 6, 2024). "Rep. Barbara Lee defeated in California Senate primary". Roll Call. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  109. ^ "California Senate Special Primary". Associated Press. May 9, 2024. Retrieved May 25, 2024.
  110. ^ "California Senate Primary". Associated Press. May 9, 2024. Retrieved May 25, 2024.
  111. ^ Garofoli, Joe (August 15, 2021). "In a rare turn, Rep. Barbara Lee gives a glimpse of her personal life in new documentary". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  112. ^ "Longtime Oakland Rep. Barbara Lee marries Southern California pastor". The Mercury News. January 2, 2020. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  113. ^ Klar, Rebecca (January 2, 2020). "Rep. Barbara Lee married in New Year's Eve ceremony". The Hill.
  114. ^ a b c "Meet Barbara Lee: The Standard for All Members of Congress". Kaperville Daily News. October 30, 2013. Archived from the original on September 4, 2022. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
  115. ^ Klar, Rebecca (January 2, 2020). "Rep. Barbara Lee married in New Year's Eve ceremony". The Hill. Retrieved March 3, 2023.
  116. ^ Washington, U. S. Capitol Room H154; p:225-7000, DC 20515-6601. "Barbara Lee (California (CA)), 118th Congress Profile". Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives. Retrieved March 3, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  117. ^ "Recipients of the Courage of Conscience Award". peaceabbey.org. May 2, 2015.
  118. ^ Solomon, Norman (February 20, 2013). "Endless War: Becoming 'the Evil That We Deplore'". HuffPost.
  119. ^ O., Bereola, Enitan (December 17, 2013). Gentlewoman : etiquette for a lady from a gentleman. Mobile, AL. ISBN 9780615927770. OCLC 867789790.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  120. ^ "Congresswoman Lee Receives Thomas Merton Award for Her Work to Advance Peace and Social Justice | Barbara Lee – Congresswoman for the 12th District of California". lee.house.gov. Retrieved March 16, 2023.
  121. ^ EE-YIP! Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc. Inducts Nicci Gilbert, Marsha Ambrosius, Wendy Raquel Robinson And More Into Pack Of Honorary Pretty Poodles
  122. ^ "JoinCalifornia – 04-07-1998 Election". Joincalifornia.com. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  123. ^ Lee, Barbara (February 29, 2024). "Why lack of diversity in our foreign policy workforce is a problem for diplomacy". The Hill. Retrieved March 21, 2024.

Further reading

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California Assembly
Preceded by Member of the California Assembly
from the 13th district
1990–1992 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of the California Assembly
from the 16th district
1992–1996 		Succeeded by
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from California's 9th congressional district
1998–2013 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus
2009–2011 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from California's 13th congressional district
2013–2023 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from California's 12th congressional district
2023–present 		Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by Chair of the Congressional Progressive Caucus
2005–2009
Served alongside: Lynn Woolsey 		Succeeded by
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by United States representatives by seniority
30th 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Lee&oldid=1256986710"
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