Don Jugov Santiago, popularly known as Bataha Santiago, was the third king of Manganitu Kingdom in Sangihe Islands of modern-day Indonesia. He ruled from 1670 until his death in 1675 and is known for his opposition to opening relations with the Dutch, which resulted in his deposition and execution. He was awarded title National Hero of Indonesia in 2023.
| Bataha Santiago | |
|---|---|
| Third king of Manganitu | |
 Bataha Santiago statue in Miangas Island | |
| Reign | 1670–1675 |
| Born | Don Jugov Santiago c. 1622 Bowongtiwo-Kauhis, Manganitu |
| Died | 1675 (aged 52–53) Tanjung Tahuna |
| Burial | Karatung I, Manganitu District, Sangihe Islands Regency |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
Early life
editSantiago was born in Bowongtiwo-Kawihu village, Manganitu (now part of the Manganitu District), in 1622. There are differing sources regarding his birth name, with some mentioning the shorter "Don Jugov Santiago" while others record it as "Don Jogolov Sint Santiago".[1][2] Another source claims that his baptismal name was "Don Jugov Santiago".[3] The Kingdom of Manganitu in Sangihe had already embraced Catholicism since its contacts with Jesuits.[4] In 1666, at the age of 44, he was sent by his parents to enroll in the University of Santo Tomas in the Spanish East Indies (present-day Philippines).[5] He finished his studies in four years and returned to Manganitu in 1670 to succeed his father, who had abdicated earlier in the year from his role as king.[5][6]
Reign and death
editSantiago's reign coincided with heavy trade for the region, especially to and from the Spanish East Indies. He maintained close relations with Spain at the time.[7] In 1675, Governor of Dutch East India Company Robertus Padtbrugge approached Santiago to sign trade agreements with the company, which was still based in Maluku at the time.[8][9][6] Following Santiago's refusal, the company sent sultans and kings from neighbouring Maluku, including Sultan Kaitjil Sibori, to persuade him into signing the contract.[5] Santiago continued his refusal and later declared war on the company.[5][10] The war resulted in his defeat; Santiago was eventually hanged in 1675 in Tanjung Tahuna.[11]
Legacy
editSantiago is regarded as a hero by locals in North Sulawesi, especially by those in the smaller region of islands known collectively as Nusa Utara.[1] Korem 131/Santiago, an Indonesian military command based in Manado under Kodam XIII/Merdeka, is named for him.[5][12] His grave was rediscovered in 1950.[5] Several places, especially those in Sangihe Islands Regency, are named after him, including Gelora Santiago Field in town of Tahuna,[13][14] and the urban village (kelurahan) of Santiago within the town.[15][16] A statue of him was built in 2009 on the northernmost island of Indonesia, Miangas, by the government.[17][18] He was nominated to be a National Hero of Indonesia by the North Sulawesi provincial government, which was accepted and awarded on 10 November 2023 by Joko Widodo.[19][1][20][21]
References
edit- ^ a b c "Olly Dondokambey Komitmen Perjuangkan Raja Santiago, Tokoh Nusa Utara Jadi Pahlawan Nasional". Tribunmanado.co.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ "Rinny Tamuntuan: 6 Tokoh Sulut Diperjuangkan Menerima Gelar Pahlawan Nasional". Tribunmanado.co.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ Fian (25 June 2021). "Atas Ijin Raja Tompoliu, Rumah Ibadah Katolik Roma Berdiri 1646 Hingga Bataha Santiago Dibaptis". Manado News (in Indonesian). Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ Salindeho, Winsulangi; Sombowadile, Pitres (2008). Daerah perbatasan, keterbatasan, pembatasan: kawasan Sangihe-Talaud-Sitaro (in Indonesian). Fuspad. ISBN 978-979-9465-06-1.
- ^ a b c d e f "Bataha Santiago, Pahlawan Dari Sangihe". Sulut Hebat (in Indonesian). 28 June 2017.
- ^ a b Lolombulan, A. S.; Sondakh, A. M.; Ulaen, H. J. (1986). Monumen perjuangan di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara (in Indonesian). Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Direktorat Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional, Proyek Inventarisasi dan Dokumentasi Sejarah Nasional.
- ^ Ulaen, Alex John (2003). Nusa Utara: dari lintasan niaga ke daerah perbatasan (in Indonesian). Pustaka Sinar Harapan. ISBN 978-979-416-782-3.
- ^ "Makam Bataha Santiago, Sangihe". Ditjen Kebudayaan. 25 August 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ Newsantara.id (15 October 2020). "Bataha Santiago, Raja Pemberani Penakluk VOC". Newsantara.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ Tangapo, Youngky (15 October 2021). "Bataha Santiago Segera Dianugerahi Pahlawan Nasional". Manado News (in Indonesian). Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ "Bataha Santiago Penuhi Syarat Jadi Pahlawan Nasional, Keluarga Harap Presiden Nobatkan Tahun Ini". Tribunmanado.co.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ Sejarah Daerah Sulawesi Utara (in Indonesian). Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan. 1982.
- ^ Bawole, Jay (20 August 2022). "Syukur HUT 18 Tahun Kelurahan Tona Dua Gelar Jalan Sehat dan Ibadah Syukur – Bibir Pasifik". Syukur HUT 18 Tahun Kelurahan Tona Dua Gelar Jalan Sehat dan Ibadah Syukur – Bibir Pasifik (in Indonesian). Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ "Peringatan Hari Pendidikan Nasional di Lapangan Gelora Santiago". Pemerintah Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe (in Indonesian). 2 May 2019. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ "Meriahkan Hari Kemerdekaan, Kelurahan Santiago Gelar Lomba Lari Marathon" (in Indonesian). Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ Kehu), Hermanto Mohonis (Ana U.; S.Pd, Juinar. PERADABAN DI TANAH SANGIHẸ̆ YANG TERSIRAT DARI SEJARAH NUSANTARA (in Indonesian). uwais inspirasi indonesia. ISBN 978-623-227-576-8.
- ^ Media, Kompas Cyber (21 August 2009). "Patung Santiago Diresmikan di Pulau Miangas". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ "Patung Santiago : Simbol NKRI di Pulau Miangas". Antara News Manado. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ Safitri, Eva. "Jokowi Resmi Beri Gelar Pahlawan Nasional ke 6 Tokoh". detik.com. Detik. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
- ^ "Raja Bataha Santiago Dianugerahi Gelar Pahlawan Nasional". Gempar News (in Indonesian). 9 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
- ^ fian (10 November 2023). "Hari Ini Bataha Santiago Dianugerahi Gelar Pahlawan Nasional, Ferdy Sondakh: Teladan Generasi Sangihe Sepanjang Masa". Manado News (in Indonesian). Retrieved 10 November 2023.