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The Battle of the Alte Veste was a significant battle of the Thirty Years' War in which Gustavus Adolphus' attacking forces were defeated by Wallenstein's entrenched troops.[4]
| Battle of Alte Veste | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Swedish intervention in the Thirty Years' War | |||||||
 Plan of Wallenstein's camp, made in 1634. West is up. | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
|
Holy Roman Empire Catholic League | Sweden | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Albrecht von Wallenstein Johann von Aldringen |
Gustavus Adolphus Wilhelm of Weimar Bernard of Saxe-Weimar Lennart Torstensson (POW) | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 43,500 men[1] |
44,600 men 30,011 infantry in 37 regiments and 306 companies 15,419 cavalry in 39 regiments and 263+ companies[2] | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 900[3] | 2,500[3] | ||||||
Background
editIn the late summer of 1632 the army of Swedish King Gustavus Adolphus met Albrecht von Wallenstein near Nürnberg. The earlier successes of Gustavus Adolphus over General Tilly, particularly at Breitenfeld, followed by Tilly's death during the Battle of Rain, forced Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II to recall Albrecht von Wallenstein into military service from retirement. Wallenstein was unmatched in his ability to raise troops, and within a few weeks he took to the field with a fresh army.
The Imperial Army's ranks swelled as Wallenstein moved to stop the Swedes' advance at Nuremberg. Repeatedly, Gustavus formed for battle and challenged Wallenstein to come out of his fortified camp, but was refused. As the supply situation continued to worsen, the impetuous King grew desperate.
Battle
editGustavus Adolphus attacked the Imperial camp at the Alte Veste (or "Old Fortress")—a derelict castle situated atop a wooded hill. Its ownership would then allow the Swedish guns to dominate the Imperial camp. The Imperials were prepared with trenches and an abatis that stymied the Swedish advance. When the vaunted brigades faltered, much of the cavalry was sent in dismounted. Wallenstein saw an opportunity to strike a blow and sallied his cavalry and cut down many of the exhausted troops. Only the final introduction of the Swedish cavalry reserve averted a complete disaster.
Result
editThe Swedes had been defeated. The Commander of the Swedish artillery, Lennart Torstenson, was taken prisoner and locked up for nearly a year at Ingolstadt. Several weeks later, lack of supplies led Wallenstein to break camp and move north, allowing the Swedes out of Nuremberg. The two armies met again two months later at the Battle of Lützen, where Gustavus was killed.
Citations
edit- ^ Clodfelter 2017, p. 40.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-04-12. Retrieved 2016-03-07.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b Wilson 2018, p. 34.
- ^ Clodfelter 2017, p. 37.
References
edit- Clodfelter, M. (2017). Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015 (4th ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 978-0786474707.
- Wilson, Peter H. (2009). Europe's Tragedy: A History of the Thirty Years War. Allen Lane. ISBN 978-0-7139-9592-3.
- Wilson, Peter H. (2018). Lützen: Great Battles Series. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199642540.
External links
edit
Media related to Battle of the Alte Veste at Wikimedia Commons
