Beatriz Enríquez de Arana (1465–1521?) was the mistress of Christopher Columbus and mother of Ferdinand Columbus, Columbus's younger son.[1]
Beatriz Enríquez de Arana | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 1465 Santa María de Trassierra, Córdoba, Crown of Castile |
| Died | 1521 (aged 55–56) Santa María de Trassierra, Córdoba, Spain |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Partner(s) | Christopher Columbus (as mistress; 1487 – his death 1506) |
| Children | Ferdinand Columbus |
Biography
editBeatriz Enríquez de Arana was born around 1465 in the village of Santa María de Trasierra. She was the daughter of Pedro de Torquemada and Ana Núñez de Arana, prosperous farmers and owners of orchards, houses and vineyards. She had one brother, Pedro de Arana. When her father died, she moved with her mother and brother to the nearby city of Córdoba. When her mother died in 1471, Beatriz and Pedro were placed under the guardianship of her grandmother, Eleanor Nunez, and her maternal aunt, Mayor Enriquez de Arana. Beatriz received a good education and learned how to read and write, an exceptional accomplishment in an era when most women could not sign their names. After the death of their grandmother and aunt in 1478, the children were raised by their closest surviving relative, Rodrigo Enriquez de Arana.[2][3]
Christopher Columbus met Beatriz Enríquez de Arana sometime in 1487 while seeking support from the Catholic monarchs for his discovery project. On August 15, 1488, as a result of their liaison, Beatriz gave birth to Ferdinand Columbus.[2][3] That same year, Columbus sent his older son, Diego Columbus, to Córdoba to be raised by Beatriz and her family. Columbus was busy advocating for his proposed voyage and spent little time with his family. In 1494 both boys were sent to the royal court in Valladolid to serve as pages. Thereafter, Arana had little contact with the Columbus family, although Christopher provided her with a modest annuity after his first successful voyage in 1492.[4]
Christopher Columbus never married Beatriz Enríquez de Arana, possibly because of the strict social barriers that existed at the time between a nobleman and a common peasant.[2][3] When Columbus died he left some provision for her in his will, directing his son Diego to hold her in respect and continue an annual allowance.[5][6] Diego appears to have been remiss with payments; Beatriz' last recorded act in 1521 was hiring an attorney to collect some money, and Diego's will written in 1532 contained a directive that any unpaid monies from the last three or four years were to be paid out to Beatriz' heirs.[6]
Neither her cause of death, or the exact date have been recorded, but it is assumed to have taken place shortly after 1521.[6]
Other members of the Arana family were also associated with Columbus. On his first voyage in 1492, Diego de Arana, a cousin to Beatriz, served Columbus as chief marshal of the fleet, responsible for maintaining order among the sailors. Pedro de Arana, brother to Beatriz, was captain of one of the ships during Columbus's third voyage.[7][8]
Notes
edit- ^ Phillips, William D.; Phillips, Carla Rahn (1992). The Worlds of Christopher Columbus. Cambridge University Press. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-521-44652-5.
- ^ a b c Taviani 1992.
- ^ a b c Arranz Marquez.
- ^ McDonald 2005, pp. 35.
- ^ Brinkbäumer, p. 292
- ^ a b c Beding, Silvio A. (2016). The Christopher Columbus Encyclopedia. Springer. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-349-12573-9.
- ^ Lemos 1992a.
- ^ Lemos 1992b.
References
edit- Arranz Marquez, Luis. "Beatriz Enriquez de Arana". Real Academia de la Historia (in Spanish).
- Brinkbäumer, Klaus, The voyage of the Vizcaína: the mystery of Christopher Columbus's last ship, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2006, ISBN 0-15-101186-9
- Davidson, Miles H. (1997). Columbus Then and Now : A Life Reexamined. Norman, Okla.: Univ. of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-2934-1.
- Fernández-Armesto, Felipe (1991). Columbus. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-215898-7.
- Lemos, William (1992a). "Arana, Diego de". In Bedini, Silvio A. (ed.). The Christopher Columbus Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Simon and Schuster.
- Lemos, William (1992b). "Arana, Pedro de". In Bedini, Silvio A. (ed.). The Christopher Columbus Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Simon and Schuster.
- McDonald, Mark P. (2005). Ferdinand Columbus: Renaissance collector. London: British museum press. ISBN 978-0-7141-2644-9.
- Patrick, James, Renaissance and Reformation, Marshall Cavendish, 2001, ISBN 0-7614-7651-2
- Phillips, William D.; Phillips, Carla Rahn (1992). The Worlds of Christopher Columbus. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
- Taviani, Paolo Emilio (1985). Christopher Columbus: The Grand Design. London: Orbis Publishing Limited.
- Taviani, Paolo Emilio (1992). "Arana, Beatriz de". In Bedini, Silvio A. (ed.). The Christopher Columbus Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Simon and Schuster.
- The World Book Encyclopedia, World Book Inc., 2007, ISBN 0-7166-0107-9; ISBN 978-0-7166-0107-4
- Thomas, Hugh (2004). Rivers of Gold: the rise of the Spanish Empire; from Columbus to Magellan. New York, NY: Random House. ISBN 978-0-375-50204-0.
- Wilford, John Noble (1992). The Mysterious History of Columbus: An Exploration of the Man, the Myth, the Legacy. New York: A. A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-679-40476-7.
Further reading
edit- Curtis, William Eleroy, The relics of Columbus: an illustrated description of the historical collection in the monastery of La Ra, William H. Lowdermilk Company, 1893, p. 117 item 521
- Duro, Cesáreo Fernández, Colón Y La Historia Póstuma, BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2008, pp. 184–163, 217, ISBN 0-559-79785-0
- Foster, Genevieve, The World of Columbus and Sons, Charles Scribner's Sons 1965, pp. 133–145, Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 65-18410
- Markham, Clements Robert, Life of Christopher Columbus, G. Philip & Son, ltd., 1902, pp. 60–63
- Ryan, Sara Agnes, Christopher Columbus in Poetry, History and Art, The Mayer and Miller company, 1917, p. 4