This article may be excessively based on contemporary reporting. (March 2024) |
The Beijing Television Cultural Center fire was an urban conflagration on 9 February 2009, in the Beijing central business district of Beijing, involving the uncompleted Beijing Television Cultural Center (TVCC) building. The building was adjacent to the CCTV Headquarters and owned by China Central Television (CCTV), and scheduled for completion in May 2009. The TVCC has been rebuilt and was opened in 2012.
 The 44-story TVCC building in flames (right); the CCTV Headquarters (left) | |
| Date | 9 February 2009 |
|---|---|
| Time | 8:27 p.m. |
| Location | Beijing |
| Also known as | TVCC fire |
| Participants | CCTV |
| Outcome | Severely damaged by fire |
| Deaths | 1 |
| Non-fatal injuries | 7 |
At 8:27 p.m. on 9 February 2009, on the last day of the festivities marking Chinese New Year, the entire building caught fire due to a nearby unsanctioned fireworks display; it was put out six hours later.[1]
The incident, and its coverage by Chinese state media, caused a furor in China. CCTV officials had carried out powerful pyrotechnics without the required permit from local government, and ignored repeated police warnings not to hold them. The authorities' attempts to censor news of the blaze were widely denounced by citizens as well as the international press.
Background
edit| China Central Television | |
|---|---|
 The TVCC building before the fire | |
 | |
| General information | |
| Status | Complete repair works |
| Location | East Third Ring Road No. 32, Beijing, Chaoyang |
| Year(s) built | 2005-2008 |
| Owner | China Central Television |
| Height | |
| Roof | 159 meters |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 33 floor |
| Floor area | 110,000 square meters |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | East China Architectural Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd. |
Construction was started in 2004 and was expected to be completed in May 2009.[1][2] The building was to be named "Television Cultural Center", TVCC, with the Beijing Mandarin Oriental being its main tenant.
Its nicknames include the Termite's Nest or the Boot because of its radical design. The building, along with the CCTV Headquarters Building, was built using far less steel than conventional skyscrapers,[3] and designed to withstand major earthquakes.[3] The radical structure gives the towers their form.[3] In all, 140,000 tonnes of steel were used in its construction.[4]
The construction budget of the building is said to be near US$730 million.[5] The center would have included a television studio with seating for 1,500 audience members, recording studios, digital cinemas, news release facilities, and a 241-room five-star hotel to be operated by Mandarin Oriental.[3] The total height of the 44-floor building was 159 metres (522 ft).[1][6] The innovative, wedge-shaped building was designed by the Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas and his firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture. The engineering firm for the building was Arup, East Asia,[7] who designed and built the TVCC after an extensive internal study of the World Trade Center building collapses on 11 September 2001.[8][9]
Fire
editThe cause has been linked to a massive Chinese New Year fireworks display in the compound, authorized by CCTV itself, without the permission or participation from Beijing police, the Beijing Fire Department, Beijing City government, or any other governmental department.[10][11] CCTV had ignored three consecutive police interventions and warnings and had four television cameras trained on the multi-million yuan fireworks, which consisted of nearly 700 high explosive pyrotechnic devices, reports said.[4]
Six hundred firefighters arrived on the scene to fight the blaze,[12] which lasted five hours and caused one death and seven injuries. Chinese media reported one firefighter – secretary of the fire department's branch of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) – died from smoke inhalation and seven people were injured, six of them firefighters.[1] The Chinese media proclaimed the dead firefighter a "revolutionary martyr"(革命烈士).[13] Boxun estimated that the fire resulted in more than 4 billion yuan (US$588 million) in damages.[14]
Xinhua News Agency reported, and the municipal public security bureau confirmed, that Beijing police detained an official of CCTV. Xu Wei (徐威), in charge of the CCTV construction site, was taken to a police station in eastern Beijing's central business district, suspected of being the organiser of the fireworks display.[15] CCTV later made a public apology:[16]
The fire caused serious damage to the state property, and CCTV is deeply remorseful. It also brought inconvenience to the people living nearby and caused traffic jams, and CCTV expresses sincere apologies.[17]
Cause
edit
The Beijing Municipal Fire Brigade confirmed that the cause of fire was the illegal use of highly explosive fireworks at the construction site. CCTV later apologized to the public for the inconvenience, mainly traffic re-direction, they caused.[16] The Fire Brigade said that the fire began on the building's roof and spread to the lower floors, fed by high winds. Toxic fumes and a lack of working sprinklers were said to have hampered efforts to extinguish the fire.[18]
An amateur video that was uploaded on the Internet showed the fire starting after a shell from the fireworks landed on the roof of the uncompleted construction.[18] One CNN report noted that "the top of the building was exploding". Another observed that the fire spread quickly and that the tower was completely engulfed in flames within less than 13 minutes. "It was obvious that there was a lot of debris on site, [which] ignited very quickly".[19]
Investigation
editPreliminary investigations, as reported on 14 February 2009, revealed that after the fire was started by the fireworks, the external wall insulation cladding continued to burn due to the material's susceptibility to catch fire. The material used was on the approved list of construction materials, and the city authorities had begun reevaluating the material for construction purposes. The investigation team observed that the fire damaged mainly the outer walls with majority of the interior and the structural integrity of the building largely unaffected.[20]
No detailed damage estimate was released. The hotel is insured for US$220 million, with the actual amount of the payout to be decided after the police investigation ends.[21] Immediately after the fire, seventeen people were detained, including the head of construction of the CCTV headquarters site, three additional CCTV staffers, the driver who transported the fireworks, four persons who helped guide the shipment to evade police checkpoints, and eight employees of the fireworks company who set off the display.[21]
According to Caijing, the actual cost of the fireworks display was CNY350,000; however, CCTV was billed 1 million for it by a legal entity controlled by Xu Wei, the construction manager. Xu himself is alleged to have received a commission of CNY80,000.[22]
State media announced in early February 2010 that 71 people were being held responsible for the building fire, including head of CCTV Zhao Huayong, who retired in May 2009; the State Council had evaluated direct economic losses at 163.83 million yuan (US$23.99 million). Of the 71 held responsible, 27 would not be prosecuted but would suffer party and administrative disciplinary measures. Zhao would receive an administrative demotion along with a severe warning from the CCP.[23] In late February, AFP cited an official in Beijing Number Two Intermediate Court who confirmed 23 people have been charged in the incident. Xu Wei is among those due to be tried, according to state media.[24]
Censorship
editA memo from government officials, which was posted on the Internet, made clear that authorities were eager to downplay the blaze, "a colossal embarrassment that many people believe augurs poorly for the new year", according to The New York Times.[18] The leaked memo read: "No photos, no video clips, no in-depth reports," and further, "The news should be put on news areas only and the comments posting areas should be closed".[18]
No images of the blaze or the building were broadcast on state television, and the Xinhua website sidelined the story.[18] CCTV later reported the news with a video on its website after the fire.[25]
Li Xiguang, journalism professor at Beijing's Tsinghua University said the decision not to show coverage was "stupid" and damaged the credibility of CCTV.[26]
Aftermath
editInternet users in China
editDespite the lack of images on the state media, photographs and videotapes of the fire, taken with cameras and cellphones, swiftly found their way to blogs and forums including major portals such as Sina, Sohu, and Youku.[27]
Media reported that Chinese citizens on the internet were taking sarcastic and comical pot-shots at CCTV. It noted there was "a storm" of criticism that the state broadcaster which created one of the year's biggest news stories failed to report the event promptly, or honestly.[4] Parodies of the incident were also rampant, including edited images often relating to other Chinese internet memes, such as the Grass Mud Horse.[28]
Rebuilding
edit
The damaged external wall insulation cladding was removed after the investigations were completed, and replaced in a span of 2 years. The replacement work was completed in November 2012. The complete repair works, including the electrical and interior design, was estimated to be completed in 2013.[29]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d Andrew Jacobs, Fire Ravages Renowned Building in Beijing Archived 12 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, 9 February 2009
- ^ "OMA CCTV – Television Cultural Centre, China, Beijing, 2002". Archived from the original on 12 February 2009.
- ^ a b c d Jonathan Glancey, "Beijing's newest skyscraper survives blaze" Archived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, 11 February 2009
- ^ a b c "Credibility of CCTV tarnished by big fire". The Straits Times. The Malaysian Insider. 16 February 2009. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2009.
- ^ Who will pay the bill for the massive CCTV fire? Archived 24 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Xinhua, 18 February 2009
- ^ "Emporis.com – TVCC building". Archived from the original on 27 February 2007. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
- ^ Television Cultural Centre Hotel Archived 18 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Arup East Asia
- ^ "Tall Orders" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 March 2012.
- ^ Lane, B; Lamont, S. "Arup Fire's presentation regarding tall buildings and the events of 9/11" (PDF). NCE conference. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016.
- ^ CCTV hotel fire caused by fireworks: official Archived 11 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Xinhua, China Daily, 10 February 2009
- ^ "[视频]央视新址文化中心火灾引发原因初步查明_CCTV.com_中国中央电视台". news.cctv.com. Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 11 February 2009.
- ^ CCTV Fire: The Aftermath Archived 13 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine, CBN, 10 February 2009
- ^ AFP, "CCTV inferno fireman given hero's burial" Archived 4 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine, The Standard, 16 February 2009
- ^ "Why Reporting on CCTV Complex Fire Censored?". Boxun.com. 10 February 2009. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 13 February 2009.
- ^ "CCTV official detained over massive fire www". Xinhuanet. 12 February 2009. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2009.
- ^ a b 视频：中央电视台就在建新址配楼发生火灾真诚道歉 Archived 12 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Sohu, 10 February 2009 (in Chinese)
- ^ Quentin Sommerville, "Beijing party that went horribly wrong Archived 16 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine", BBC, 12 February 2009
- ^ a b c d e Andrew Jacobs, China TV Network Apologizes for Fire Archived 28 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, 10 February 2009
- ^ "Witness: Top of Beijing luxury hotel 'exploding". CNN. 9 February 2009. Archived from the original on 10 February 2009. Retrieved 11 February 2009.
- ^ "中央电视台通报火灾现场勘察初步结果". news.ifeng.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 29 May 2023.
- ^ a b "5 more suspects detained in Beijing hotel fire", Associated Press, International Herald Tribune, 19 February 2009
- ^ Smoke Clears, Doubts Linger at CCTV Fire Archived 9 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Caijing, 3 March 2009
- ^ 71 held responsible for 2009 CCTV building fire, Xinhua Archived 19 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine, China Daily, 10 February 2010
- ^ 23 to stand trial over CCTV inferno Archived 4 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine, AFP, The Standard, 24 February 2010
- ^ "[视频]中央电视台新大楼北配楼发生火灾_CCTV.com_中国中央电视台". news.cctv.com. Archived from the original on 12 February 2009. Retrieved 11 February 2009.
- ^ Calum MacLeod, China plans media empire to boost image Archived 22 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine, USA Today, 18 February 2009
- ^ Rui Bingyou and Liu Peng (12 February 2009). "CCTV Fire Fallout: Twelve Detained; Chinese React Online". The Economic Observer. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009. Retrieved 12 February 2009.
- ^ "CCTV Fire: Funny Photoshops By Chinese Netizens Posted in Pictures on Tuesday, 10 February 2009". China Smack. 10 February 2009. Archived from the original on 11 February 2009. Retrieved 11 February 2009.
- ^ 央视过火楼将整体“换血”重新亮相 [CCTV's burnt building reappears as a whole with a "change of blood"]. 中国建筑新闻网 (in Chinese). 9 November 2012 – via Sina.