Benjamin Walker (Continental Army officer)
Benjamin Walker (1753 – January 13, 1818) was a Continental Army officer, businessman, and politician who served in the American Revolutionary War and later served as a United States Representative from New York.
Benjamin Walker | |
|---|---|
 General George Washington Resigning His Commission by John Trumbull. Walker stands directly behind Washington. | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 9th district | |
| In office March 4, 1801 – March 3, 1803 | |
| Preceded by | Jonas Platt |
| Succeeded by | Killian Van Rensselaer |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1753 London, England |
| Died | January 13, 1818 (aged 64–65) Utica, New York |
| Resting place | Forest Hill Cemetery Utica, New York, U.S. |
| Political party | Federalist Party |
| Residence(s) | Utica, New York |
| Occupation |
|
Early life
editBenjamin Walker was born in England in 1753.
Through a Blue Coat School he received "not a brilliant, but a solid education."[1]
After his schooling, Walker spent some time in France where he gained fluency in French.[2] Peter Stephen Du Ponceau, a native French speaker and linguist, would eventually describe Walker as a "master of the French language."[1]
At a young age, he entered into a respectable merchant house in London that brought him to the United States. He settled in New York City and resided with an eminent merchant until joining the Revolutionary War.[3]
Career
editMilitary career
editWalker was first appointed as Captain of the Second New York Regiment in the Revolutionary War.
On the 25th of April, 1778, he was appointed as an aide-de-camp to General Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben.
Walker's fluency in French is what brought him to the attention of Baron von Steuben. Steuben's limited English at times frustrated his attempts to drill the soldiers at Valley Forge in complicated maneuvers. On one such occasion, Walker stepped forward and offered his assistance in perfect French. Gratified, Steuben would later reflect, "If I had seen an angel from Heaven I should not have more rejoiced." Within weeks, Walker was placed in his new position.[4]
Superintending his correspondence, Walker was a special help with translating Steuben's words. Steuben would dictate in French and Walker would transcribe in English. Virtually all of the drafts for Steuben's reforms and plans for the Continental Army are in Walker's handwriting. Walker further acted as translator when necessary during inspections and reviews the Baron conducted.[5]
Alongside others, Walker assisted Steuben with his Blue Book, particularly providing knowledge of American military terminology.[6]
At the close of the war Walker was appointed as an aide-de-camp to General George Washington. On December 23, 1783, he accompanied Washington to the resignation of his commission as commander-in-chief. In a letter suggesting men for military appointment, the General included Walker "among the most intelligent and active Officers of the late American Army".[7]
Civic and political career
editFrom March 21, 1791, until February 20, 1798, Walker served as a captain and as naval officer of customs at the port of New York.
Walker later worked as the First Secretary to the Governor of New York and as a broker.
He moved to Fort Schuyler (now Utica), in 1797, where he worked as an agent of the great landed estate of the Earl of Bath.
Walker was elected as a Federalist to the Seventh Congress (March 4, 1801 - March 3, 1803). After his tenure, he declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1802.
Personal life
editRelationship with Steuben and North
editTogether with a fellow aide-de-camp, William North, he was formally adopted by Steuben, and made his heir.[8] Some historians believe that these "extraordinary intense emotional relationships"[9] were romantic,[10] and given Steuben's reported earlier behavior, it has been suggested it would have been out-of-character for him if they were not.[11] It has also been posited that while Walker held Steuben in high esteem, and had no scruples about exploiting his attraction for him, he had no intention of reciprocating.[12] However, without more substantive evidence turning up, the exact nature of the relationships is impossible to conclusively define.[13]
Walker maintained a close relationship with Steuben after the war. Steuben lived with Walker and his wife in Manhattan for a period when Walker was a broker. Walker visited Steuben almost every year at his property and helped manage his business and finances with North.[14]
It has also been suggested that North and Walker held a romantic relationship, but like with Steuben this is difficult to be certain of. Nevertheless, Walker remained North's closest friend until their deaths.[10] Walker was named as a sponsor of North's daughter Adelia at her baptism.[15]
Family
editWalker married a Quaker woman named Mary Robinson on August 30, 1784. Together they raised Walker's natural daughter, Eliza, and Mary, his wife's niece.
Eliza was described as "quite a Frenchwoman in her manners and language" by her close friend, Alexander Bryan Johnson. She was enmeshed in French society, and when in New York would entertain French visitors such as General Moreau. Her first marriage was to the Marquis de Villehaut, but they divorced by 1812.[16] Her second marriage was in 1823 to a French officer and Bonapartist, Col. Michel Combe (sometimes written as "Combes"). In 1815 Combe fled to America after a warrant was put out for his arrest based on suspicions he had been spreading Napoleonic propaganda and held "boundless fanaticism for the usurper."[17] The couple settled in Utica on what was now her land after the passing of her father, who had bequeathed a "considerable" portion of his property to her.[18] When Louis Philippe I ascended the throne, they returned to France. Combe died at the Siege of Constantine.[17] A statue was erected in his honor in his hometown of Feurs in 1839.
Though Eliza was the only natural born child recognized as Walker’s, there may have been other unacknowledged children. While handling Eliza’s property in New York, Alexander Bryan Johnson was informed by an unnamed gentleman that the elderly woman Eliza had instructed Johnson to give a routine sum of five dollars was not a former servant, as Eliza claimed, but her sister. The gentleman also claimed to be married to another sister, both women being Benjamin Walker’s progeny. The proof he provided was a letter Eliza wrote to the gentleman’s wife, which Johnson recognized as her handwriting. According to Johnson, the gentleman took the case to court and was able to win claim to her property.[19]
Benjamin Walker built a mansion for his family on Broad Street which was torn down in 1932.[20] It was built upon 15 acres of land with a large farm attached.
Walker owned two slaves in 1800, and none in 1790, according to the US Census.[21]
Walker died in Utica, New York, on January 13, 1818. He was first interred in the Old Village Burying Ground on Water Street but was exhumed and reinterred in Forest Hill Cemetery, Utica on June 17, 1875.[22]
Legacy
editWalker Street in Manhattan is named in his honor.[23]
References
edit
This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- United States Congress. "Benjamin Walker (id: W000046)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved on 2009-03-04
- ^ a b Du Ponceau, Peter Stephen; Whitehead, James L. (1939). "Notes and Documents: The Autobiography of Peter Stephen Du Ponceau". The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. 63 (2): 189–227. ISSN 0031-4587. JSTOR 20087180.
- ^ Bagg, M. M. (1892). Memorial History of Utica, N.Y.: From Its Settlement to the Present Time. Utica (N.Y.): D. Mason.
- ^ Bagg (1892) p. 42
- ^ William Benemann, Male-Male Intimacy in Early America: Beyond Romantic Friendships, Haworth Press 2006 ISBN 1-56023-345-1
- ^ Kapp, Friedrich (1859). Life of Frederick William Von Steuben: Major General in the Revolutionary Army. Mason Brothers.
- ^ Lockhart, Paul (2008). The Drillmaster of Valley Forge. Harper Perennial. p. 187.
- ^ "Suggestions for Military Appointments, 14 July 1798". Founders Online.
- ^ Kapp (1859) p. 707.
- ^ American National Biography - Volume 16 - Page 513. n.b. Contrary to many online articles, this phrase does not appear in Steuben's final Will: http://loyolanotredamelib.org/php/report05/articles/pdfs/Report35Pritchett19-26.pdf
- ^ a b Benemann, William Male-Male Intimacy in Early America: Beyond Romantic Friendships Haworth Press, 2006, ISBN 1-56023-345-1
- ^ Quinn, Michael D. Same-Sex Dynamics among Nineteenth-Century Americans, University of Illinois Press, 2001, pp179-180
- ^ Benemman, pp. 102-03
- ^ Benemann, p. 102
- ^ Kapp (1859), p. 620
- ^ "P. 4-5 (second pagination), baptisms in Christ's Church, August 27, 1797: Anstis O'Brien, Dorrides Reightor, and Adelia North. Baptized August 1 (?), 1798: Matthew Reghtor". New York Historical Society Digital Collection. New York Historical Society.
- ^ Todd, Charles Lafayette; Sonkin, Robert (1977). Alexander Bryan Johnson: Philosophical Banker. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. pp. 74–75.
- ^ a b Blaufarb, Rafe (2005). Bonapartists in the Borderlands. Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press. p. 169. ISBN 0-8173-1487-3.
- ^ Jones, Pomroy (1851). Annals and Recollections of Oneida County. Oneida County, New York: Pomroy Jones.
- ^ Todd, p. 246-247
- ^ Observer-Dispatch. "This Week in History: President Grant replaces secretary of state". Observer-Dispatch.
- ^ Alexander, Arthur J. (1943). "Federal Officeholders in New York State as Slaveholders 1789-1805". The Journal of Negro History. 28 (3): 326–349. doi:10.2307/2714912. JSTOR 2714912. S2CID 150137122.
- ^ Forest Hill Cemetery. History.
- ^ Henry Moscow, The Street Book: An Encyclopedia of Manhattan’s Street Names and Their Origins, Fordham University Press, New York (1990).