Bodhi Day is the Buddhist holiday that commemorates the day that Gautama Buddha (Shakyamuni) is said to have attained enlightenment,[1] also known as bodhi in Sanskrit and Pali. According to tradition, Siddhartha had recently forsaken years of extreme ascetic practices and resolved to sit under a peepal tree, also known as a Bodhi tree (Ficus religiosa), and simply meditate until he found the root of suffering, and how to liberate oneself from it.[2]
| Bodhi Day | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Official name | Bodhi Day Rōhatsu (臘八) Shaka-Jōdō-e (釈迦成道会) Jōdō-e (成道会) Alaw ng Bodhi |
| Observed by | Mahayana Buddhists |
| Type | Buddhist |
| Significance | The enlightenment of Gautama Buddha |
| Date | December 8 |
| Frequency | Annual |
| Related to | Laba Festival (in China) Rohatsu (in Japan) Other related festivals: Vesak (in Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos) |
Shakyamuni's awakening
editTraditions vary on what happened. Some say Siddhartha made a great vow to Nirvana and Earth to find the root of suffering, or die trying. In other traditions, while meditating he was harassed and tempted by the god Mara (literally, "Killer" in Sanskrit), demon of illusion.[2][3] Other traditions simply state that he entered deeper and deeper states of meditation, confronting the nature of the self.[citation needed]
In the Pali Canon, there are several discourses said to be by the Buddha himself, related to the story. In the Longer Discourse to Saccaka (MN 36),[4] the Buddha describes his Enlightenment in three stages:
- During the first watch of the night, the Buddha discovered all of his past lives in the cycle of rebirth, realizing that he had been born and reborn countless times before.
- During the second watch, the Buddha discovered the Law of Karma, and the importance of living by the Noble Eightfold Path.
- During the third watch, the Buddha discovered the Four Noble Truths, finally reaching Nirvana.
In his words:
My heart, thus knowing, thus seeing, was released from the fermentation of sensuality, released from the fermentation of becoming, released from the fermentation of ignorance. With release, there was the knowledge, 'Released.' I discerned that 'Birth is ended, the holy life fulfilled, the task done. There is nothing further for this world.'[4]
All traditions agree that in the third watch of the night, Siddhartha finally found the answers he sought and became Enlightened, and experienced Nirvana.[5] Having done so, Siddhartha now became a Buddha or "Awakened One".[2][5]
Festivals celebrating the Buddha's enlightenment
editThe enlightenment of the Buddha is yearly celebrated in many Buddhist countries.
Bodhi Day
editBodhi Day is observed in many mainstream Mahayana traditions including the traditional Zen and Pure Land schools of China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam and the Philippines.[6]
Services and traditions vary amongst Buddhist sects, but all such services commemorate the Buddha's achievement of Nirvana, and what this means for Buddhism today.[7][8] Individuals may choose to commemorate the event through additional meditation,[8] study of the Dharma,[8] chanting of Buddhist texts (sutras), or performing kind acts towards other beings. Some Buddhists celebrate with a traditional meal of tea, cake and readings.[7]
Rōhatsu
editIn Japanese Zen, it is known as Rōhatsu or Rōhachi (臘八).[9] In Japanese, the word literally means 8th day of the 12th month. It is typical for Zen monks and layperson followers to stay up the entire night before Rōhatsu practicing meditation, and the holiday is often preceded by an intensive sesshin. It is observed on the Gregorian date of December 8 as a result of the Westernization of Japan during the Meiji Restoration (1862–1869).[10] In Tendai and other Japanese sects, it is called either Shaka-Jōdō-e (釈迦成道会) or simply Jōdō-e (成道会).[citation needed]
Laba
editThe Chinese version of this festival is called Laba (臘八) which means the Eighth Day of the La (or the Twelfth) Month of the Chinese Lunar Calendar. It is most often observed in the first half of January, but it may happen on a date between the Winter Solstice (December 22) and the Chinese New Year (between January 22 and February 21).[citation needed]
Vesak Day
editBodhi Day is not as popularly celebrated as Vesak Day, on which the birth, enlightenment (Nirvāna), and passing away (Parinirvāna) of Gautama Buddha are celebrated.[11]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Buddhist Holidays". Archived from the original on 2017-12-06. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
- ^ a b c "Life of Buddha". Archived from the original on 2011-11-26. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
- ^ "Following the Buddha's Footsteps". Archived from the original on 2012-08-29. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
- ^ a b "Maha-Saccaka Sutta: The Longer Discourse to Saccaka". Archived from the original on 2008-08-01. Retrieved 2008-12-08.
- ^ a b The Life of the Buddha Archived 2013-12-07 at the Wayback Machine at About.com
- ^ "Bodhi Day: Buddhist Holiday". 8 December 2009. Archived from the original on 2019-08-11. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
- ^ a b "How To Celebrate Bodhi Day". Archived from the original on 2023-06-06. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
- ^ a b c "Celebrating the Buddha's Awakening". Archived from the original on 2010-11-27. Retrieved 2010-10-17.
- ^ "臘八(ろうはち)とは". 日本国語大辞典 (in Japanese). Kotobank. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
- ^ Rohatsu Archived 2011-06-15 at the Wayback Machine at About.com
- ^ "Visakha Puja". Archived from the original on 2012-03-04. Retrieved 2011-12-09.