Caerostris, sometimes called bark spiders,[3] is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1868.[4] Most species are found in south eastern Africa and neighboring Madagascar.[1]
| Caerostris | |
|---|---|
| |
| Common bark spider (Caerostris sexcuspidata) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Araneidae |
| Genus: | Caerostris Thorell, 1868[1] |
| Synonyms[1] | |
|
Trichocharis Simon, 1895[2] | |
Taxonomy
editThe genus Caerostris was erected in 1868 by Tamerlan Thorell with the type species being Epeira mitralis Vinson, 1863, which Thorell transferred to Caerostris mitralis.[1][4] Up to 2009, only 11 species had been described. A further species, C. darwini, was described in 2010,[5] and six more species in 2015.[3][1] Two of the "species", C. sexcuspidata and C. sumatrana, will probably need to be divided further to produce genetically uniform species.[3]
A molecular phylogenetic study of 12 of the species of Caerostris produced the phylogenetic tree shown below, showing that the African and Madagascan species form a monophyletic group.[3]
African and Madagascan species |
Species
editAs of April 2019[update] it contains eighteen species:[1]
- Caerostris almae Gregorič, 2015 – Madagascar
- Caerostris bojani Gregorič, 2015 – Madagascar
- Caerostris corticosa Pocock, 1902 – South Africa
- Caerostris cowani Butler, 1882 – Madagascar
- Caerostris darwini Kuntner & Agnarsson, 2010 – Madagascar
- Caerostris ecclesiigera Butler, 1882 – Madagascar
- Caerostris extrusa Butler, 1882 – Madagascar
- Caerostris hirsuta (Simon, 1895) – Madagascar
- Caerostris indica Strand, 1915 – Myanmar
- Caerostris linnaeus Gregorič, 2015 – Mozambique
- Caerostris mayottensis Grasshoff, 1984 – Comoros, Mayotte
- Caerostris mitralis (Vinson, 1863) – Central Africa, Madagascar
- Caerostris pero Gregorič, 2015 – Madagascar
- Caerostris sexcuspidata (Fabricius, 1793) – Africa, Madagascar, Comoros, Seychelles (Aldabra)
- Caerostris sumatrana Strand, 1915 – India to China, Borneo
- Caerostris tinamaze Gregorič, 2015 – South Africa
- Caerostris vicina (Blackwall, 1866) – Central, Southern Africa
- Caerostris wallacei Gregorič, Blackledge, Agnarsson & Kuntner, 2015 – Madagascar
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f "Gen. Caerostris Thorell, 1868". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2019-05-12.
- ^ Grasshoff, M. (1984). "Die Radnetzspinnen-Gattung Caerostris (Arachnida: Araneae)". Revue Zoologique Africaine. 98 (4): 725–765. OCLC 717108186. NAID 10022018721.
- ^ a b c d Gregorič, Matjaž; Blackledge, Todd A.; Agnarsson, Ingi; Kuntner, Matjaž (2015). "A molecular phylogeny of bark spiders reveals new species from Africa and Madagascar (Araneae: Araneidae: Caerostris)". Journal of Arachnology. 43 (3): 293–312. doi:10.1636/0161-8202-43.3.293. S2CID 53953991.
- ^ a b Thorell, T. (1868), "Araneae. Species novae minusve cognitae", in Virgin, C.A. (ed.), Kongliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa omkring Jorden (in Latin), Uppsala, pp. 1–34
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Kuntner, Matjaž; Agnarsson, Ingi (2010). "Web gigantism in Darwin's bark spider, a new species from Madagascar (Araneidae: Caerostris)". The Journal of Arachnology. 38 (2): 346–356. doi:10.1636/B09-113.1. S2CID 54079094.
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